Simultaneous Measuring Method for Both Volumetric Flow Rates of Air-Water Mixture Using a Turbine Flowmeter

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Minemura ◽  
K. Egashira ◽  
K. Ihara ◽  
H. Furuta ◽  
K. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Liquid Density ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Turbine Flowmeter

A turbine flowmeter is employed in this study in connection with offshore oil field development, in order to measure simultaneously both the volumetric flow rates of air-water two-phase mixture. Though a conventional turbine flowmeter is generally used to measure the single-phase volumetric flow rate by obtaining the rotational rotor speed, the method proposed additionally reads the pressure drop across the meter. After the pressure drop and rotor speed measured are correlated as functions of the volumetric flow ratio of the air to the whole fluid and the total volumetric flow rate, both the flow rates are iteratively evaluated with the functions on the premise that the liquid density is known. The evaluated flow rates are confirmed to have adequate accuracy, and thus the applicability of the method to oil fields.

A New Method for Performance Measurement of PPV Fans for Fire Fighting Under Realistic Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Steppert ◽  
Philipp Epple ◽  
Michael Steber ◽  
Stefan Gast
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Analytical Relation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Free Jet ◽  
Actual Flow Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Discharge

Abstract PPV Fans (Positive Pressure Ventilation Fans) are used in firefighting to remove smoke from a burning building, so that fire fighters can have a clear view inside the house and injured people do not have to breathe toxic smoke. This can be done by placing a PPV fan in a distance of about two meters in front of a door of the burning building. On another, carefully chosen position in the building, e. g. a window, a door or at the roof an opening has to be created, where the smoke can leave the building. The same volumetric flow rate of gas that is blown into the building by the PPV fan has to leave the building at a chosen opening. Because the gas entering the building is air and the gas leaving the building is a mixture of smoke and air, the smoke concentration in the building can be reduced. To test the performance of such PPV fans, a test building with a door in the first floor and a window in the 3rd floor has been built. To measure the volumetric flow rate of the smoke and air mixture through the window in the 3rd floor that is leaving the building, a flow meter nozzle was designed. The design process was done using the commercial Navier Stokes solver Star CCM+, where three nozzle designs, such as a nozzle with constant velocity increase, a quarter circle nozzle and a non-curved nozzle were investigated for different volumetric flow rates. Also, a rounding at the window, where the nozzle is placed, was investigated to prevent flow detachment and shock losses at the inlet of the nozzle. The volumetric flow rate through the nozzle can be calculated, by measuring the pressure at the nozzle wall (before the contraction) and applying Bernoulli’s law, the continuity equation and assuming atmospheric pressure at the free jet flow at the end of the nozzle. The so calculated volumetric flow rate was compared with the actual flow rate, given by the numerical CFD simulations. With these values, the nozzle specific coefficient of discharge for several volumetric flow rates has been calculated and a function fitting was done to get obtain analytical relation between pressure and volumetric flow rate. The detailed design process of the three nozzles, the numerical results of the CFD studies and the determination of the nozzle specific coefficients of discharge are shown and discussed in detail in this work.

P4379Pathophysiology of left atrial filling in mitral regurgitation. A new volumetric flow rate index describing disturbed left atrial filling behavior in mitral regurgitation by 3D TTE

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Frumkin ◽  
K Stangl ◽  
A Muegge ◽  
T Buck ◽  
B Plicht
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Flow Rates

Abstract Background In chronic mitral regurgitation (MR) the left atrium (LA) is one of the first cardiac structures involved in remodeling by progressive volume overload. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography is able to monitor volumetric changes of the left atrium during the heart cycle. Purpose We hypothesized that chronic volume overload due to MR leads to detectable changes in the LA filling behavior described by mean and maximum filling flow rates and their relation called volumetric flow rate index. Methods We prospectively analyzed data of 36 patients in different stages of chronic MR and 13 patients without MR. Transthoracic echocardiography was conducted using the Epiq 7G Ultrasound System. Standard 2D- and 3D apical 4-chamber views were recorded and stored for offline analysis. We generated volume-time-curves by 3D volume analysis to derive mean and maximum volumetric flow rates during LA reservoir, conduit and pump phase. Volumetric flow rate index was calculated as the quotient of mean flow rate/maximum flow rate. Results Average MR severity, calculated with the MR Scoring system introduced from Buck et al. and implicated in the ESC Guidelines, was 6.2 points (±2.5) according to Grade I-II. We included 13 patients without MR, 18 with mild MR, 12 patients with moderate MR, 6 patients with severe MR. Left ventricular ejection fraction was similar in the different groups (51,2±12,3%). Maximum and mean flow rate showed no significant correlation with MR severity. Correlation of MR severity with LA dilation (ml/m2 BSA) was r=0.41; p<0.001. Flow rate index showed strong significant correlation with MR severity in left atrial reservoir phase (r=−0.75; p<0.001). There was no statistically relevant difference of volumetric flow rate parameters in left atrial pump and conduit phase. Line chart Conclusions We observed a significant correlation of the volumetric flow rate index to MR severity in the left atrial reservoir phase with stronger correlation than MR severity to left atrial dilation. The results of this work encourage further investigations to establish the presented volumetric flow rate index as a progression marker of MR and to evaluate its prognostic value.

scholarly journals Influence of Pressure on Gas/Liquid Interfacial Area in a Tray Column

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4617
Author(s):  
Adel Almoslh ◽  
Falah Alobaid ◽  
Christian Heinze ◽  
Bernd Epple
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Waste Gas ◽  
Simulated Waste ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The influence of pressure on the gas/liquid interfacial area is investigated in the pressure range of 0.2–0.3 MPa by using a tray column test rig. A simulated waste gas, which consisted of 30% CO2 and 70% air, was used in this study. Distilled water was employed as an absorbent. The temperature of the inlet water was 19 °C. The inlet volumetric flow rate of water was 0.17 m3/h. Two series of experiments were performed; the first series was performed at inlet gas flow rate 15 Nm3/h, whereas the second series was at 20 Nm3/h of inlet gas flow rate. The results showed that the gas/liquid interfacial area decreases when the total pressure is increased. The effect of pressure on the gas/liquid interfacial area at high inlet volumetric gas flow rates is more significant than at low inlet volumetric gas flow rates. The authors studied the effect of decreasing the interfacial area on the performance of a tray column for CO2 capture.

Comprehensive analysis of the thermohydraulic performance of cooling networks subject to fouling and undergoing retrofit projects

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2094531
Author(s):  
Hebert Lugo-Granados ◽  
Lázaro Canizalez-Dávalos ◽  
Martín Picón-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rate Distribution

The aim of this paper is to develop guidelines for the placing of new coolers in cooling systems subject to retrofit. The effects of the accumulation of scale on the flow system are considered. A methodology to assess the interconnected effect of local fluid velocity and fouling deposition is developed. The local average fluid velocity depends on the water flow rate distribution across the piping network. The methodology has four main calculation components: a) the determination of the flow rate distribution across the piping network, b) the prediction of fouling deposition, c) determination of the hydraulic changes and the effect on fouling brought about by the placing of new exchangers into an existing structure, and d) the calculation of the total cooling load and pressure drop of the system. The set of disturbances introduced to the system through fouling and the incorporation of new coolers, create network responses that eventually influence the cooling capacity and the pressure drop. In this work, these interactions are analysed using two case studies. The results indicate that, from the thermal point of view, the incorporation of new heat exchangers is recommended in series. The limit is the point where the increase of the total pressure drop causes a reduction in the overall volumetric flow rate. New coolers added in parallel create a reduction of pressure drop and an increase in the overall water flow rate; however, this increase is not enough to counteract the reduction of fluid velocity and heat capacity removal.

Numerical Argumentation of any Factors for Effecting Flow Property of a Power-Law Gel Propellant in a Converging Injector

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 2601-2608
Author(s):  
Xue Li Xia ◽  
Hong Fu Qiang ◽  
Wang Guang
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Newtonian Viscosity ◽  
Convergence Angle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Injector Design

To evaluate the effect of a converging injector geometry, volumetric flow rate and gallant content on the pressure drop, the velocity and viscosity fields, the governing equations of the steady, incompressible, isothermal, laminar flow of a Power-Law, shear-thinning gel propellant in a converging injector were formulated, discretized and solved. A SIMPLEC numerical algorithm was applied for the solution of the flow field. The results indicate that the mean apparent viscosity decreases with increasing the volumetric flow rate and increasing the gallant content results in an increase in the viscosity. The results indicate also that the convergence angle can produce additional decrease in the mean apparent viscosity of the fluid. The mean apparent viscosity decreases significantly with increasing the convergence angle of the injector, and its value is limited by the Newtonian viscosity η∞. The effect of the convergence angle on the mean apparent viscosity is more significant than the effect of the volumetric flow rate and the gallant content on the mean apparent viscosity. Additional decreasing the viscosity results in increasing the pressure drop with increasing convergence angle. It is important to injector design that the viscosity decreasing and the pressure drop increasing are took into account together.

Uncertainty Analysis for the Measurement of Oil-Water Flow Parameters, Part II: Pressure Drop

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
A. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Standard Uncertainty ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Pressure Transmitter ◽  
Inclined Pipes

The need to ensure qualitative and reliable measurement of pressure drop of the oil-water flow cannot be over emphasized. In this regard, this study focused on the investigation of uncertainty in the measurement of pressure drop of oil-water flow in different acrylic pipe inclinations (0, +5ᴼ, +10ᴼ and -5ᴼ) and diameters (30.6-, 55.7- and 74.7-mm ID). The working fluids were tap water and mineral-based hydraulic oil (Shell Tellus S2 V 15), with medium viscosity and density of 24 cP and 872 kgm-3 respectively while the interfacial tension between the water and the oil was 12.9 mN/m at 25 ᴼC. The selected flow conditions were 0.5 and 1.0 m/s mixture velocities each at 0.1, 0.5 and 0.9 input water volume fractions. The repeatability, accuracy of the pressure transmitter, flow rate of the oil-water mixture and holdup (particularly for the inclined flow) were the sources of errors in the measurement of the pressure drop. The results showed that the average relative uncertainties in the pressure drop in 30.6-mm ID pipe were ±4.6 %, ±10.8 %, ±11.2 % and ±10.8 % in the 0ᴼ, +5ᴼ, +10ᴼ and -5ᴼ inclined flows respectively. Similarly, the average relative uncertainties in the pressure drop in the horizontal 55.7-mm and 74.7-mm ID pipes were ±5.7 % and ±7.5 % respectively. The largest contribution to the uncertainty in the pressure drop came from the flow rate and water holdup in the horizontal and inclined pipes respectively. The least contribution in both  horizontal and inclined pipes came from the accuracy of the pressure transmitter. Key words: Oil-water flow; Pressure drops; Standard uncertainty, Combined standard uncertainty; Expanded uncertainty

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Influence of Gas Flow Rate on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Sieve Trays and Their Effect on CO2 Absorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10708
Author(s):  
Adel Almoslh ◽  
Falah Alobaid ◽  
Christian Heinze ◽  
Bernd Epple
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Water System ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Sieve Tray

An experimental study was conducted in the sieve tray column to investigate the influence of gas flow rate on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the sieve tray, such as total tray pressure drop, wet tray pressure drop, dry tray pressure drop, clear liquid height, liquid holdup, and froth height. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the sieve tray were investigated for the gas/water system at different gas flow rates from 12 to 24 Nm3/h and at different pressures of 0.22, 0.24, and 0.26 MPa. In this study, a simulated waste gas was used that consisted of 30% CO2 and 70% air. The inlet volumetric flow rate of the water was 0.148 m3/h. The temperature of the inlet water was 19.5 °C. The results showed that the gas flow rate has a significant effect on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the tray. The authors investigated the effect of changing these hydrodynamic characteristics on the performance of a tray column used for CO2 capture.

Passive Heat Transfer Enhancement in Microchannels Using Wall Features

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Arora ◽  
Anna Lee Tonkovich ◽  
Mike J. Lamont ◽  
Thomas Yuschak ◽  
Laura Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Heat Transfer Rate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Feature Design

The two important considerations in the design of a heat exchanger are — the total heat transfer rate and the allowable pressure drop. The allowable pressure drop defines the maximum flow rate through a single microchannel and economics drives the design towards this flow rate. Typically the flow rate in the microchannel is in laminar flow regime (Re < 2000) due to smaller hydraulic diameter. The laminar flow heat transfer in a smooth microchannel is limited by the boundary layer thickness. Commonly the heat transfer rate is enhanced by passively disrupting the laminar boundary layer using protrusions or depressions in the channel walls. More often these methods are best applicable at small range of Reynolds number where the heat transfer rate enhancement is more than the pressure drop increase and break down as the flow rate is changed outside the range. The benefit of a flow disruption method can be reaped only if it provides higher heat transfer enhancement than the increase in the pressure drop at the working flow rates in the microchannel. A heat transfer efficient microchannel design has been developed using wall features that create stable disrupted flow and break the laminar boundary layer in a microchannel over a wide range of flow rates. The paper experimentally investigates the developed design for the heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop increase compared to a smooth wall microchannel. A simple microchannel device was designed and fabricated with and without wall features. The experiments with single gas phase fluid showed promising results with the developed wall feature design as the heat transfer rate increase was 20% to 80% more than the pressure drop increase in the laminar regime. The wall feature design was an important variable to affect the magnitude of performance enhancement in different flow regime. A general criterion was developed to judge the efficacy of wall feature design that can be used during a microchannel heat exchanger design.

Experimental Investigation of Spray Cooling Heat Transfer on Circular Grooved Surface

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azzam S. Salman ◽  
Jamil A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Flow Rates

An experimental study was conducted in a closed loop spray cooling system working with deionized water as a cooling medium, to investigate the effects of surface modification on the spray cooling heat transfer enhancement in the single-phase region. Plain copper surface with diameter 1.5 cm and an enhanced surface with circular grooves were tested under different operating conditions. The volumetric flow rate of the coolant ranged from 115 mL/min to 177 mL/min., and the water inlet temperature was kept between 21–23 °C. Also, the distances between the nozzle and the target surface were varied at 8, 10, and 12 mm respectively. The results show that the distance between the nozzle and the target surface did not have a significant effect on the heat transfer performance for the low flow rates, while it has a slight effect on high flow rates for both surfaces. Also, increasing the liquid volumetric flow rate increases the amount of heat removed, and the heat transfer coefficient for both surfaces. Moreover, the maximum enhancement ratios achieved were 23.4% and 31% with volumetric flow rates of 153 mL/min, and 177 mL/min respectively.

Hole-Cleaning Performance of Gasified Drilling Fluids in Horizontal Well Sections

SPE Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 912-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M.. M. Ozbayoglu ◽  
R.E.. E. Osgouei ◽  
A.M.. M. Ozbayoglu ◽  
E.. Yuksel
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Cuttings Transport ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Hole Cleaning ◽  
Gas Phases ◽  
Frictional Pressure Drop

Summary This study aims to investigate the hole-cleaning process during the flow of a drilling fluid consisting of a gas and a liquid phase through a horizontal annulus. Experiments have been conducted using the Middle East Technical University (METU) multiphase flow loop under a wide range of air- and water-flow rates while introducing cuttings into the annulus for different amounts. Data have been collected for steady-state conditions (i.e., liquid, gas, and cuttings injection rates are stabilized). Collected data include flow rates of liquid and gas phases, frictional pressure drop inside the test section, local pressures at different locations in the flow loop, and high-speed digital images for identification of solid, liquid, and gas distribution inside the wellbore. Digital imageprocessing techniques are applied on the recorded images for volumetric phase distribution inside the test section, which are in dynamic condition. The effects of liquid and gas phases are investigated on cuttings-transport behavior under different flow conditions. Observations showed that the major contribution for carrying the cuttings along the wellbore is the liquid phase. However, as the gas-flow rate is increased, the flow area left for the liquid phase dramatically decreases, which leads to an increase in the local velocity of the liquid phase causing the cuttings to be dragged and moved, or a significant erosion on the cuttings bed. Therefore, increase in the flow rate of gas phase causes an improvement in the cuttings transport although the liquid-phase flow rate is kept constant. On the basis of the experimental observations, a mechanistic model that estimates the total cuttings concentration and frictional pressure loss inside the wellbore is introduced for gasified fluids flowing through a horizontal annulus. The model estimations are in good agreement with the measurements obtained from the experiments. By using the model, minimum liquid- and gas-flow rates can be identified for having an acceptable cuttings concentration inside the wellbore as well as a preferably low frictional pressure drop. Thus, the information obtained from this study is applicable to any underbalanced drilling operation conducted with gas/liquid mixtures, for optimization of flow rates for liquid and gas phases to transport the cuttings in the horizontal sections in an effective way with a reasonably low frictional pressure loss.

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