Optimal Mission Analysis Accounting for Engine Aging and Emissions

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kelaidis ◽  
N. Aretakis ◽  
A. Tsalavoutas ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Flight Simulation ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Mission Analysis ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
Emission Estimation ◽  
Profile Characteristics ◽  
Semi Empirical

An aircraft mission analysis procedure, accounting for engine aging deterioration and incorporating emission estimation capability, is presented. It consists of three main modules: a flight simulation module, an engine performance simulation module, and an optimizer. A key feature of the approach is the incorporation of engine deterioration modeling. This extends the procedure’s ability to estimate onboard performance of an engine as it ages through time and usage. Additionally, the possibility to investigate environmental impact is offered through pollutant emission semi-empirical correlations, which are coupled to the engine performance calculations. The adaptive character of the models employed allows for accurate performance and emission estimations once an initial set of data is available for the engine. The proposed procedure allows the optimization of a flight scenario for a variety of aircrafts, missions, and engine condition combinations in order to meet predefined criteria. Mission profile characteristics (e.g., cruise, altitude, and speed) providing optimum overall performance in terms of fuel conservation, time related costs, or pollutant production are studied.

Optimal Mission Analysis Accounting for Engine Aging and Emissions

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kelaidis ◽  
N. Aretakis ◽  
A. Tsalavoutas ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Method ◽  
Flight Simulation ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Mission Analysis ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Board Performance ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Profile Characteristics ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Engine Condition

This paper describes an aircraft mission analysis procedure, comprising a flight simulation module, an engine model and an optimization method. The incorporation of engine deterioration modeling extends this procedure’s ability to estimate the on board performance of a given engine as it ages through time and use. Additionally, in order to investigate the environmental impact, pollutant emissions semi-empirical correlations have been introduced, after being adapted to available emissions data. The proposed procedure allows the optimization of a flight scenario for a variety of aircrafts, missions, and engine condition combinations, using an optimization method. The values of mission profile characteristics (e.g. cruise, altitude, and speed) that provide the optimum overall performance, regarding fuel conservation, time related costs, or pollutants production, are studied.

scholarly journals Evolution of Emission Species in an Aero-Engine Turbine Stator

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
André A. V. Perpignan ◽  
Stella Grazia Tomasello ◽  
Arvind Gangoli Rao
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Turbine Stator

Future energy and transport scenarios will still rely on gas turbines for energy conversion and propulsion. Gas turbines will play a major role in energy transition and therefore gas turbine performance should be improved, and their pollutant emissions decreased. Consequently, designers must have accurate performance and emission prediction tools. Usually, pollutant emission prediction is limited to the combustion chamber as the composition at its outlet is considered to be “chemically frozen”. However, this assumption is not necessarily valid, especially with the increasing turbine inlet temperatures and operating pressures that benefit engine performance. In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Chemical Reactor Network (CRN) simulations were performed to analyse the progress of NOx and CO species through the high-pressure turbine stator. Simulations considering turbulence-chemistry interaction were performed and compared with the finite-rate chemistry approach. The results show that progression of some relevant reactions continues to take place within the turbine stator. For an estimated cruise condition, both NO and CO concentrations are predicted to increase along the stator, while for the take-off condition, NO increases and CO decreases within the stator vanes. Reaction rates and concentrations are correlated with the flow structure for the cruise condition, especially in the near-wall flow field and the blade wakes. However, at the higher operating pressure and temperature encountered during take-off, reactions seem to be dependent on the residence time rather than on the flow structures. The inclusion of turbulence-chemistry interaction significantly changes the results, while heat transfer on the blade walls is shown to have minor effects.

Effect of Continuous Hydrogen Injection on Diesel Engine Performance and Emission

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Mohamad Nordin Mohamad Norani ◽  
Boon Tuan Tee ◽  
Zakaria Muhammad Zulfattah ◽  
Mohamad Norani Mansor ◽  
Md Isa Ali
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance And Emission

scholarly journals A Review on the Thermochemical Recycling of Waste Tyres to Oil for Automobile Engine Application

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3837
Author(s):  
Mohammad I. Jahirul ◽  
Farhad M. Hossain ◽  
Mohammad G. Rasul ◽  
Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Automobile Engines ◽  
Direct Use

Utilising pyrolysis as a waste tyre processing technology has various economic and social advantages, along with the fact that it is an effective conversion method. Despite extensive research and a notable likelihood of success, this technology has not yet seen implementation in industrial and commercial settings. In this review, over 100 recent publications are reviewed and summarised to give attention to the current state of global tyre waste management, pyrolysis technology, and plastic waste conversion into liquid fuel. The study also investigated the suitability of pyrolysis oil for use in diesel engines and provided the results on diesel engine performance and emission characteristics. Most studies show that discarded tyres can yield 40–60% liquid oil with a calorific value of more than 40 MJ/kg, indicating that they are appropriate for direct use as boiler and furnace fuel. It has a low cetane index, as well as high viscosity, density, and aromatic content. According to diesel engine performance and emission studies, the power output and combustion efficiency of tyre pyrolysis oil are equivalent to diesel fuel, but engine emissions (NOX, CO, CO, SOX, and HC) are significantly greater in most circumstances. These findings indicate that tyre pyrolysis oil is not suitable for direct use in commercial automobile engines, but it can be utilised as a fuel additive or combined with other fuels.

scholarly journals Effect of Thermal Barrier Coating on the Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine Operated with Conventional Diesel and Palm Oil Biodiesel

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Navin Ramasamy ◽  
Mohammad Abul Kalam ◽  
Mahendra Varman ◽  
Yew Heng Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Barrier Coating ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Barrier Coating ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel

In this study, the performance and emission of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) engine which applied palm oil biodiesel and diesel as a fuel were evaluated. TBC was prepared by using a series of mixture consisting different blend ratio of yttria stabilized zirconia (Y2O3·ZrO2) and aluminum oxide-silicon oxide (Al2O3·SiO2) via plasma spray coating technique. The experimental results showed that mixture of TBC with 60% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 40% Al2O3·SiO2 had an excellent nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) reductions compared to other blend-coated pistons. The finding also indicated that coating mixture 50% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 50% Al2O3·SiO2 had the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and lowest of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) compared to all mixture coating. Reductions of HC and CO emissions were also recorded for 60% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 40% Al2O3·SiO2 and 50% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 50% Al2O3·SiO2 coatings. These encouraging findings had further proven the significance of TBC in enhancing the engine performance and emission reductions operated with different types of fuel.

scholarly journals Effect of Methanol/Water Mixed Fuel Compound Injection on Engine Combustion and Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4491
Author(s):  
Changchun Xu ◽  
Haengmuk Cho
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Combustion Mechanism ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Concentration Ratios

Due to the recent global increase in fuel prices, to reduce emissions from ground transportation and improve urban air quality, it is necessary to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Water, methanol, and a mixture of the two were added at the pre-intercooler position to keep the same charge and cooling of the original rich mixture, reduce BSFC and increase ITE, and promote combustion. The methanol/water mixing volume ratios of different fuel injection strategies were compared to find the best balance between fuel consumption, performance, and emission trends. By simulating the combustion mechanism of methanol, water, and diesel mixed through the Chemkin system, the ignition delay, temperature change, and the generation rate of the hydroxyl group (−OH) in the reaction process were analyzed. Furthermore, the performance and emission of the engine were analyzed in combination with the actual experiment process. This paper studied the application of different concentration ratios of the water–methanol–diesel mixture in engines. Five concentration ratios of water–methanol blending were injected into the engine at different injection ratios at the pre-intercooler position, such as 100% methanol, 90% methanol/10% water, 60% methanol/40% water, 30% methanol/70% water, 100% water was used. With different volume ratios of premixes, the combustion rate and combustion efficiency were affected by droplet extinguishment, flashing, or explosion, resulting in changes in combustion temperature and affecting engine performance and emissions. In this article, the injection carryout at the pre-intercooler position of the intake port indicated thermal efficiency increase and a brake specific fuel consumption rate decrease with the increase of water–methanol concentration, and reduce CO, UHC, and nitrogen oxide emissions. In particular, when 60% methanol and 40% water were added, it was found that the ignition delay was the shortest and the cylinder pressure was the largest, but the heat release rate was indeed the lowest.

Characteristics of Water-in-Diesel Emulsions in a Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teja Gonguntla ◽  
Robert Raine ◽  
Leigh Ramsey ◽  
Thomas Houlihan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Performance And Emission

The objective of this project was to develop both engine performance and emission profiles for two test fuels — a 6% water-in-diesel oil emulsion (DOE-6) fuel and a neat diesel (D100) fuel. The testing was performed on a single cylinder, direct-injection, water-cooled diesel engine coupled to an eddy current dynamometer. Output parameters of the engine were used to calculate Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and Engine Efficiency (η) for each test fuel. DOE-6 fuels generated a 24% reduction in NOX and a 42% reduction in Carbon Monoxide emissions over the tested operating conditions. DOE-6 fuels presented higher ignition delays — between 1°-4°, yielded 1%–12% lower peak cylinder pressures and produced up to 5.5% lower exhaust temperatures. Brake Specific Fuel consumption increased by 6.6% for the DOE-6 fuels as compared to the D100 fuels. This project is the first research done by a New Zealand academic institution on water-in-diesel emulsion fuels.

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