Material Selection and Fabrication, Main Steam Piping for Eddystone No. 1, 1200-F and 5000-Psi Service

1960 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Caughey ◽  
W. G. Benz
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Metallurgical Investigation ◽  
Welding Electrode ◽  
Main Steam ◽  
Steam System ◽  
Wall Stainless Steel ◽  
Selection Of

The results of a metallurgical investigation which led to and supported the selection of Type-316 stainless steel (17 Cr-13 Ni-2.5 Mo) piping and a welding electrode of 16Cr-8 Ni-2 Mo composition for fabricating the main steam system of Eddystone No. 1 are presented. The investigation revealed the comparative properties of welds in several combinations of columbium and molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steels. A brief description of the major steps required to fabricate the heavy-wall stainless-steel piping is presented.

The Successful Use of Austenitic Stainless Steels in Sea Water

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E. Moller
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Pump Impeller ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
Free Service ◽  
Selection Of

Moller, G.E., International Nickel Co., Inc., Torrance, Calif. Abstract Austenitic stainless steels are providing excellent trouble-free service in sea water for pumps, propellers, valves. and other marine equipment. propellers, valves. and other marine equipment. Occasionally, a failure occurs as the result of deep localized pitting in a crevice. Data are given showing that austenitic, ferritic. and martensitic stainless steels suffer pitting in crevices and under deposits in quiescent sea water. Austenitic stainless steels remain free from attack in high-velocity sea water. Low-purity ferritic and the martensitic stainless steels frequently pit in high-velocity sea water. Crevice corrosion can be controlled effectively with cathodic protection from iron, zinc. aluminum or magnesium galvanic anodes or impressed current cathodic protection by polarization to -0.6 v vs Calomel. Austenitic stainless steel performs well in many situations because it is a component of a multi-alloy assembly utilizing iron or steel. Examples from field experience arc given. Introduction During the past decade, there has been a growing use of austenitic stainless steel in marine equipment. Most applications have been successful but an unexpected failure has been observed occasionally. It is the purpose of this paper to describe when and how to use austenitic stainless steel with success. The selection of stainless steels appears to result from the engineering requirements of new, advanced, high-speed, high-reliability commercial, pleasure, and military craft. Ocean science and pleasure, and military craft. Ocean science and engineering, offshore oil production, fishing, and ocean mining are also contributing to the selection of stainless steels for sea-water applications. The increasing use of stainless steel in the marine environment is found in work-boat propellers, pump components, bow thrusters, valves, shafting pump components, bow thrusters, valves, shafting and shaft components, through-hull fittings, parts on data-gathering buoys, fasteners, and housings of oceanographic instruments. When austenitic stainless steel has given good, corrosion-free service, it is most often found to be used as a key component in a multi component, multi-alloy assembly or system receiving the benefit of built-in cathodic protection. For example, in Fig. 1 a cast Type 304 (Alloy Casting Institute CF-4) propeller is being used on a steel seagoing tugboat with zinc anodes attached to the rudder. Fig. 2 shows a cast ACI CE-30 power-plant sea-water circulation-pump impeller free power-plant sea-water circulation-pump impeller free of any corrosion after 6 years of service that was used in combination with an austenitic cast-iron suction bell and diffuser. SPEJ p. 101

Effect of static liquid Galinstan on common metals and non-metals at temperatures up to 200 °C

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 787-798
Author(s):  
Philip Geddis ◽  
Lijun Wu ◽  
Andrew McDonald ◽  
Steven Chen ◽  
Bruce Clements
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Chromium Alloys ◽  
Selection Of

Liquid metal Galinstan (GaInSn) is corrosive in nature against other solid metals as its base component is gallium. This study experimentally investigated the compatibility of GaInSn with eight common metals at temperatures up to 200 °C for 2000 h, including aluminum, copper, brass, ferritic and austenitic stainless steels (E-brite, SS304L, SS316L), and nickel-chromium alloys (Inconel and Hastelloy). This assessment aims to assist in design and material selection of a liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics system that houses Galinstan for power generation by low temperature natural heat sources or industrial waste heat. Design and fabrication of this renewable power system required assurance of material compatibility with common construction and instrumentation materials. The most severe corrosion effects of GaInSn on the metal alloys were observed on aluminum, copper, and brass, which confirms the results of previously conducted studies. No obvious corrosion on stainless steel or nickel–chromium alloys were observed by this study, which reveals that stainless steel has a good resistance to attack by GaInSn up to 200 °C. Six non-metals were also evaluated, including acronitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylic, nitrile rubber (Buna N), nylon, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and Teflon, which were deemed to be compatible with GaInSn up to the temperatures tested.

Study on Minipore Drilling to Stainless Steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti

2008 ◽  
Vol 392-394 ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Tang ◽  
Bang Yan Ye ◽  
Qiang Wu ◽  
W.W. Wang ◽  
Xing Yu Lai
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Cutting Performance ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Selection Of

Based on reviewing the applications and machining of the stainless steels, the cutting performance of the austenitic stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti is analyzed through the contrastive experiments. This paper studies drilling minipore mechanics of hard-to-cut material—Austenitic Stainless Steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti by simulation and experiment, analogy results displays the trend that drill thrust, torque and temperature changed with amount of feed, it matches with test result in the same cutting condition well. The research results would be of great benefit for the selection of proper tools and cutting parameters in drilling austenitic stainless steels.

ALZ 316

Alloy Digest ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating

Abstract ALZ 316 is an austenitic stainless steel with good formability, corrosion resistance, toughness, and mechanical properties. It is the basic grade of the stainless steels, containing 2 to 3% molybdenum. After the 304 series, the molybdenum-containing stainless steels are the most widely used austenitic stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-756. Producer or source: ALZ nv.

ALLOY 0Cr25Ni6Mo3CuN

Alloy Digest ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Steel Research ◽  
Oil Refinement

Abstract ALLOY 0Cr25Ni6Mo3CuN is one of four grades of duplex stainless steel that were developed and have found wide applications in China since 1980. In oil refinement and the petrochemical processing industries, they have substituted for austenitic stainless steels in many types of equipment, valves, and pump parts. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming and joining. Filing Code: SS-706. Producer or source: Central Iron & Steel Research Institute.

CARTECH 347

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Intermittent Heating ◽  
Technology Corporation ◽  
Carpenter Technology Corporation

Abstract CarTech 347 is a niobium+tantalum stabilized austenitic stainless steel. Like Type 321 austenitic stainless steel, it has superior intergranular corrosion resistance as compared to typical 18-8 austenitic stainless steels. Since niobium and tantalum have stronger affinity for carbon than chromium, carbides of those elements tend to precipitate randomly within the grains instead of forming continuous patterns at the grain boundaries. CarTech 347 should be considered for applications requiring intermittent heating between 425 and 900 °C (800 and 1650 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1339. Producer or source: Carpenter Technology Corporation.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of a Nickel-Free Austenitic Stainless Steel by Low-Temperature Nitriding

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1845
Author(s):  
Francesca Borgioli ◽  
Emanuele Galvanetto ◽  
Tiberio Bacci
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Modified Surface

Low-temperature nitriding allows to improve surface hardening of austenitic stainless steels, maintaining or even increasing their corrosion resistance. The treatment conditions to be used in order to avoid the precipitation of large amounts of nitrides are strictly related to alloy composition. When nickel is substituted by manganese as an austenite forming element, the production of nitride-free modified surface layers becomes a challenge, since manganese is a nitride forming element while nickel is not. In this study, the effects of nitriding conditions on the characteristics of the modified surface layers obtained on an austenitic stainless steel having a high manganese content and a negligible nickel one, a so-called nickel-free austenitic stainless steel, were investigated. Microstructure, phase composition, surface microhardness, and corrosion behavior in 5% NaCl were evaluated. The obtained results suggest that the precipitation of a large volume fraction of nitrides can be avoided using treatment temperatures lower than those usually employed for nickel-containing austenitic stainless steels. Nitriding at 360 and 380 °C for duration up to 5 h allows to produce modified surface layers, consisting mainly of the so-called expanded austenite or gN, which increase surface hardness in comparison with the untreated steel. Using selected conditions, corrosion resistance can also be significantly improved.

Developing New Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels With Improved High-Temperature Creep Resistance

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Maziasz ◽  
John P. Shingledecker ◽  
Neal D. Evans ◽  
Michael J. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Creep Strength ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Creep Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Creep Rupture ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Alloy Development ◽  
Wide Range

Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Caterpillar (CAT) have recently developed a new cast austenitic stainless steel, CF8C-Plus, for a wide range of high-temperature applications, including diesel exhaust components and turbine casings. The creep-rupture life of the new CF8C-Plus is over ten times greater than that of the standard cast CF8C stainless steel, and the creep-rupture strength is about 50–70% greater. Another variant, CF8C-Plus Cu/W, has been developed with even more creep strength at 750–850°C. The creep strength of these new cast austenitic stainless steels is close to that of wrought Ni-based superalloys such as 617. CF8C-Plus steel was developed in about 1.5 years using an “engineered microstructure” alloy development approach, which produces creep resistance based on the formation of stable nanocarbides (NbC), and resistance to the formation of deleterious intermetallics (sigma, Laves) during aging or service. The first commercial trial heats (227.5 kg or 500 lb) of CF8C-Plus steel were produced in 2002, and to date, over 27,215 kg (300 tons) have been produced, including various commercial component trials, but mainly for the commercial production of the Caterpillar regeneration system (CRS). The CRS application is a burner housing for the on-highway heavy-duty diesel engines that begins the process to burn-off particulates trapped in the ceramic diesel particulate filter (DPF). The CRS/DPF technology was required to meet the new more stringent emissions regulations in January, 2007, and subjects the CRS to frequent and severe thermal cycling. To date, all CF8C-Plus steel CRS units have performed successfully. The status of testing for other commercial applications of CF8C-Plus steel is also summarized.

Corrosion Resistance of Nickel-Free Austenitic Stainless Steels and their Nanocomposites with Hydroxyapatite in Ringer's Solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Tulinski ◽  
Mieczyslaw Jurczyk
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Ion Release

In this work Ni-free austenitic stainless steels with nanostructure and their nanocomposites were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA), heat treatment and nitriding of elemental microcrystalline Fe, Cr, Mn and Mo powders with addition of hydroxyapatite (HA). Microhardness and corrosion tests' results of obtained materials are presented. Mechanical alloying and nitriding are very effective technologies to improve the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Decreasing the corrosion current density is a distinct advantage for prevention of ion release and it leads to better cytocompatibility. Similar process in case of nanocomposites of stainless steel with hydroxyapatite helps achieve even better mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Hence nanocrystalline nickel-free stainless steels and nickel-free stainless steel/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites could be promising bionanomaterials for use as a hard tissue replacement implants, e.g. orthopedic implants.

Producing HP Pump Barrels Utilizing Powder Metallurgy and Hot Isostatic Pressing

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bjurstro¨m ◽  
Carl-Gustaf Hjorth
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Hip Process

The fabrication of near net shape powder metal (PM) components by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has been an important manufacturing technology for steel and stainless steel alloys since about 1985. The manufacturing process involves inert gas atomization of powder, 3D CAD capsule design, sheet metal capsule fabrication and densification by HIP in very large pressure vessels. Since 1985, several thousand tonnes of parts have been produced. The major applications are found in the oil and gas industry especially in offshore applications, the industrial power generation industry, and traditional engineering industries. Typically, the components replace castings, forgings and fabricated parts and are produced in high alloy grades such as martensitic steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steels and nickel based superalloys. The application of PM/HIP near net shapes to pump barrels for medium to high pressure use has a number of advantages compared to the traditional forging and welding approach. First, the need for machining of the components is reduced to a minimum and welding during final assembly is reduced substantially. Mechanical properties of the PM/HIP parts are isotropic and equal to the best forged properties in the flow direction. This derives from the fine microstructure using powder powder and the uniform structure from the HIP process. Furthermore, when using the PM HIP process the parts are produced near net shape with supports, nozzles and flanges integrated. This significantly reduces manufacturing lead-time and gives greater design flexibility which improves cost for the final component. The PM HIP near net shape route has received approval from ASTM, NACE and API for specific steel, stainless steel and nickel base alloys. This paper reviews the manufacturing sequence for PM near net shapes and discusses the details of several successful applications. The application of the PM/HIP process to high pressure pump barrels is highlighted.

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