Interface Reactions Between Sealing Glass and Metal Interconnect Under Static and Dynamic Heat Treatment Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Peng ◽  
Qingshan Zhu ◽  
Zhaohui Xie ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Interface Reactions ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
High O2 ◽  
Metal Interconnects ◽  
Sealing Glass

Chemical compatibility of sealing glass with metal interconnects is a critical issue for planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). In this paper, interface reactions between a sealing glass and a ferritic metal interconnect (SS410) are tested under three different heat treatment conditions: sealing (static), aging (static), and thermal cycling (dynamic). The results show that the BaCrO4 crystals with two different morphology (round-shaped and needle-shaped) form both at the three-phase boundary (where air, glass, and SS410 meet) and on the surface of the sealing glass under the three conditions. Round-shaped BaCrO4 crystals form with low O2 concentration and short reaction time. Needle-shaped BaCrO4 crystals form with high O2 concentration and long reaction time. For the thermal cycling condition, the BaCrO4 formed at early stages causes the delamination of the sealing interface. Then, O2 diffuses into the interior interface along the delamination path, which results in the formation of BaCrO4 at the interior interface. The delamination-enhanced BaCrO4 formation during thermal cycling will lead to crack along the sealing interface, causing the striking increase of leak rates.

Effect of Interfacial Reaction on Joint Strength of Semiconductor Metallization and Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu Solder Ball

2011 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 849-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiko Yorita ◽  
Tatsuya Kobayashi ◽  
Ikuo Shohji
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Joint Strength ◽  
Solder Ball ◽  
Cu Metallization ◽  
Interface Reactions ◽  
Metallization Layer ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Semiconductor Packages ◽  
Ball Joints ◽  
Lead Free Solders

Semiconductor packages that use metallization and lead-free solders are increasingly being used in electronic products. In this study, interface reactions and joint-strength reliability were investigated for Sn-3W%Ag-0.5W%Cu solder ball joints joined to Cr/Cu and Cr/Ni-40W% metallization layers that were heat treated at 260°C. The strength of the joint with the Cr/Cu metallization layer decreased as the duration of the heat treatment increased. Sn and Cr interface reactive layers were generated after the loss of Cu in the Cr/Cu metallization layer, but the connection was maintained. By contrast, the connection of the joint to the Cr/Ni-40W metallization layer was relatively stable under the heat treatment conditions investigated.

On the defects of enamel coatings

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
T. O. Soshina ◽  
V. R. Mukhamadyarovа
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Enamel Coating ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Mechanical And Corrosion Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Linear Expansion

The defects destroy the integrity of the enamel, and the paper examines the influence of the physical-mechanical and corrosion properties of frits and heat treatment on the defectiveness of the enamel coating. The surface defects were scanned by electron microscope. It has been established that the defectiveness of enamel coatings depends on the melting index, temperature coefficient of linear expansion, surface tension of the frits, and heat treatment conditions. When burning rate of the enamel coating decreases, the fine-meshed structure of the enamel changes, and the size of the defects decreases.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment Evaluation for the Camshafts Production of ADI Low Alloyed with Vanadium

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colin García ◽  
Alejandro Cruz Ramírez ◽  
Guillermo Reyes Castellanos ◽  
José Federico Chávez Alcalá ◽  
Jaime Téllez Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Mold Casting ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Good Agreement

Ductile iron camshafts low alloyed with 0.2 and 0.3 wt % vanadium were produced by one of the largest manufacturers of the ductile iron camshafts in México “ARBOMEX S.A de C.V” by a phenolic urethane no-bake sand mold casting method. During functioning, camshafts are subject to bending and torsional stresses, and the lobe surfaces are highly loaded. Thus, high toughness and wear resistance are essential for this component. In this work, two austempering ductile iron heat treatments were evaluated to increase the mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness of the ductile iron camshaft low alloyed with vanadium. The austempering process was held at 265 and 305 °C and austempering times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The volume fraction of high-carbon austenite was determined for the heat treatment conditions by XRD measurements. The ausferritic matrix was determined in 90 min for both austempering temperatures, having a good agreement with the microstructural and hardness evolution as the austempering time increased. The mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness were evaluated from samples obtained from the camshaft and the standard Keel block. The highest mechanical properties were obtained for the austempering heat treatment of 265 °C for 90 min for the ADI containing 0.3 wt % V. The tensile and yield strength were 1200 and 1051 MPa, respectively, while the hardness and the energy impact values were of 47 HRC and 26 J; these values are in the range expected for an ADI grade 3.

Effect of copper incorporation on phase transformation behavior of electroless nickel–phosphorous coating and its effect on the tribological behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 146442072098160
Author(s):  
Abhijit Biswas ◽  
Suman Kalyan Das ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Copper

The microstructural changes of electroless Ni–P–Cu coating at various heat-treatment conditions are investigated to understand its implications on the tribological behavior of the coating. Coatings are heat-treated at temperatures ranging between 200°C and 800 °C and for 1–4 h duration. Ni–P–Cu coatings exhibit two-phase transformations in the temperature range of 350–450 °C and the resulting microstructural changes are found to significantly affect their thermal stability and tribological attributes. Hardness of the coating doubles when heat-treated at 452 °C, due to the formation of harder Ni3P phase and crystalline NiCu. Better friction and wear performance are also noted upon heat treatment of the coating at the phase transformation regime, particularly at 400 °C. Wear mechanism is characterized by a mixed adhesive cum abrasive wear phenomena. Heat treatment at higher temperature (600 °C and above) and longer duration (4 h) results in grain coarsening phenomenon, which negatively influences the hardness and tribological characteristics of the coating. Besides, diffusion of iron from the ferrous substrate as well as greater oxide formation are noticed when the coating is heat-treated at higher temperatures and for longer durations (4 h).

Effect of Heat Treatment Conditions on the Properties of Nanoporous Glasses Activated by Gold Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Yu. Shakhgil’dyan ◽  
A. A. Mikhailov ◽  
T. O. Lipat’eva ◽  
K. I. Piyanzina ◽  
E. A. Kolesnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Treatment Conditions

scholarly journals Achievement of High Strength and Ductility in Al–Si–Cu–Mg Alloys by Intermediate Phase Optimization in As-Cast and Heat Treatment Conditions

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingrong Zhang ◽  
Lingkun Zhang ◽  
Zhiming Wang ◽  
Anjiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Eutectic Si

In order to obtain high-strength and high-ductility Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloys, the present research is focused on optimizing the composition of soluble phases, the structure and morphology of insoluble phases, and artificial ageing processes. The results show that the best matches, 0.4 wt% Mg and 1.2 wt% Cu in the Al–9Si alloy, avoided the toxic effect of the blocky Al2Cu on the mechanical properties of the alloy. The addition of 0.6 wt% Zn modified the morphology of eutectic Si from coarse particles to fine fibrous particles and the texture of Fe-rich phases from acicular β-Fe to blocky π-Fe in the Al–9Si–1.2Cu–0.4Mg-based alloy. With the optimization of the heat treatment parameters, the spherical eutectic Si and the fully fused β-Fe dramatically improved the ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture. Compared with the Al–9Si–1.2Cu–0.4Mg-based alloy, the 0.6 wt% Zn modified alloy not only increased the ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of peak ageing but also reduced the time of peak ageing. The following improved combination of higher tensile strength and higher elongation was achieved for 0.6 wt% Zn modified alloy by double-stage ageing: 100 °C × 3 h + 180 °C × 7 h, with mechanical properties of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ~371 MPa, yield strength (YS) of ~291 MPa, and elongation to fracture (E%) of ~5.6%.

Heat Treatment Effects on Distortion, Residual Stress, and Retained Austenite in Carburized 4320 Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 692-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clark ◽  
Randy J. Bowers ◽  
Derek O. Northwood
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Compressive Residual Stress ◽  
Surface Residual Stress ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Austenite Content ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
The Difference

The effects of heat treatment on distortion, residual stress, and retained austenite were compared for case-carburized 4320 steel, in both the austempered and quench-and-tempered condition. Navy C-ring samples were used to quantify both size and shape distortions, as well as residual stress. The austempering heat treatment produced less distortion and a higher surface residual stress. Both hoop and axial stresses were measured; the difference between them was less than seven percent in all cases. Depth profiles were obtained for residual stress and retained austenite from representative C-ring samples for the austempered and quench-and-tempered heat treatment conditions. Austempering maintained a compressive residual stress to greater depths than quench-and-tempering. Quench-and-tempering also resulted in lower retained austenite amounts immediately beneath the surface. However, for both heat treatments, the retained austenite content was approximately one percent at depths greater than 0.5 mm.

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