Branch Reconfiguration of Bricard Linkages Based on Toroids Intersections: Line-Symmetric Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. López-Custodio ◽  
J. S. Dai ◽  
J. M. Rico
Keyword(s):  
Symmetric Case ◽  
Plane Symmetric ◽  
Bifurcation Points ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

This paper for the first time investigates a family of line-symmetric Bricard linkages by means of two generated toroids and reveals their intersection that leads to a set of special Bricard linkages with various branches of reconfiguration. The discovery is made in the concentric toroid–toroid intersection. By manipulating the construction parameters of the toroids, all possible bifurcation points are explored. This leads to the common bi-tangent planes that present singularities in the intersection set. The study reveals the presence of Villarceau and secondary circles in the toroid–toroid intersection. Therefore, a way to reconfigure the Bricard linkage to a pair of different types of Bennett linkage is uncovered. Further, a linkage with two Bricard and two Bennett motion branches is explored. In addition, the paper reveals the Altmann linkage as a member of the family of special line-symmetric Bricard linkage studied in this paper. The method is applied to the plane-symmetric case in the following paper published together with this paper.

Branch Reconfiguration With Bricard Variations Based on Toroids Intersections: Line-Symmetric Case

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. López-Custodio ◽  
J. S. Dai ◽  
J. M. Rico
Keyword(s):  
Bifurcation Point ◽  
Symmetric Case ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

This paper for the first time investigates a disintegrated Bricard mechanism in two toroids and reveals their intersection that leads to a set of Bricard variations with various branches of reconfiguration. The discovery is made in the concentric toroid-toroid intersection. By manipulating the construction parameters of the toroids any possible bifurcation point is explored. This casts light on the reconfiguration of these linkages and leads to the common bi-tangent planes that present singularities in the intersection set. The study reveals the presence of Villarceau and secondary circles in the toroids intersection. Therefore, a way to reconfigure the Bricard linkage to two different types of Bennett mechanism is uncovered. Further a linkage with two Bricard and two Bennett motion branches is explored. In addition, the paper reveals the Altmann linkage as a member of this Bricard variation family.

scholarly journals PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI PAUD CITA SAKINAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novi Primita Sari ◽  
Muhammad Khoirul Fuddin
Keyword(s):  
Service Program ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Educational Assistance ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Family Assistance ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Times ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

The success of the family as the first provider of educational assistance to children is very important, bearing in mind everything for the first time that is learned by children through family assistance. Today because of the times, many choose to work as a mother, so children are accepted to care for and are entrusted to relatives and others. Based on this phenomenon, there are many places where children gather with additional educational patterns that have a curriculum with various facilities and prices. One of them is the Cita Sakinah Child Care Park under the auspices of PDM Malang Regency. Exactly after the KH mosque. Ahmad Dahlan established for 4 years the management held a discussion with PCA and PCM and also members of the association made the decision to open a place for integrated early childhood education (PAUD) Cita Sakinah. The purpose of the establishment and opening of this PAUD is to make the symbols of honor from an early age, form the character of the child's independence and make the child behave and have principles based on Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan. Because it has only continued for 1 year PAUD in this system manages its finances is still very traditional by taking notes, so that through this community-based service program, assistance will be made in the preparation and preparation of integrated financial reports. 

scholarly journals Branch Reconfiguration of Bricard Linkages Based on Toroids Intersections: Plane-Symmetric Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. López-Custodio ◽  
J. S. Dai ◽  
J. M. Rico
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Symmetric Case ◽  
Complete Theory ◽  
Plane Symmetry ◽  
Special Configuration ◽  
Conical Singularities ◽  
Plane Symmetric ◽  
Isolated Points ◽  
First Time ◽  
Special Plane

This paper for the first time reveals a set of special plane-symmetric Bricard linkages with various branches of reconfiguration by means of intersection of two generating toroids, and presents a complete theory of the branch reconfiguration of the Bricard plane-symmetric linkages. An analysis of the intersection of these two toroids reveals the presence of coincident conical singularities, which lead to design of the plane-symmetric linkages that evolve to spherical 4R linkages. By examining the tangents to the curves of intersection at the conical singularities, it is found that the linkage can be reconfigured between the two possible branches of spherical 4R motion without disassembling it and without requiring the usual special configuration connecting the branches. The study of tangent intersections between concentric singular toroids also reveals the presence of isolated points in the intersection, which suggests that some linkages satisfying the Bricard plane-symmetry conditions are actually structures with zero finite degrees-of-freedom (DOF) but with higher instantaneous mobility. This paper is the second part of a paper published in parallel by the authors in which the method is applied to the line-symmetric case.

scholarly journals Puisi Selatan

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Ian Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
English Language ◽  
The South ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Common ◽  
Light And Shadow ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Puisi selatan is a small selection of Sydney poet Ian Campbell’s Indonesian language poems taken from the author’s larger collection titled Selatan-Sur-South of Indonesian language poems - which appeared in PORTAL in 2008 - but now supplemented, for the first time, with English language versions which have been rendered by the poet himself from the ‘starting point’ of these original four Indonesian language poems.   In all there are here now eight poems – four in Indonesian and four in English – with the common thread, for the poet, of being written ‘in the south’. For the poet also, they now interact, across languages, as a set of poems which consider the ways in which the actions of ‘memorialising’ are often intertwined with specific responses to the natural environment.   The poems ‘Semenanjung Bilgola’ and ‘Bilgola headland’ are poems reflecting upon the efforts the poet’s parents made in the late 1960s-early 1970s to restore the natural environment on a headland of one of Sydney’s northern beaches which had been donated to the National Trust. The Indonesian language original poem was read by the poet himself and by Indonesian poets in cities in West Java in 2004 and also at the first Ubud Writers Festival in 2004 by Indonesian female poet, Toeti Heraty,   The poems ‘Berziarah di Punta de Lobos, Chile’ and ‘Pilgrimage to Punta de Lobos’ are also memorialising poems and reflect upon the idea of ’pilgimage’ to a natural location near Pichilemu on the Chilean coast which is popular with surfers. In contrast, the poems ‘Simfoni angin’ and ‘Symphony of the winds’ describe the sights and sounds of a rural area near Purranque in the south of Chile, but here too the poet reflects upon the ways in which present evokes past.   The final poems ‘Buenos Aires’ - rendered as the title in both languages - explore the ways in which the Argentinian café becomes a place in which memories of the city are revealed anew through the processes of inversion of light and shadow, of internal and external shapes and sounds, as if through a camera lens.   Puisi selatan can be rendered in English as ‘poetry of the south’ as all poems derive their impetus from settings in Australia or in Latin America, specifically either Chile or Argentina. They were originally written in Indonesian as part of the poet’s interest in using Bahasa Indonesia as a language of creative writing.  

scholarly journals The Scatopsidae (Diptera) of Sardinia, with description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2318 (1) ◽  
pp. 440-449
Author(s):  
JEAN-PAUL HAENNI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Made In ◽  
Eleven Species

Eleven species of the family Scatopsidae are reported from Sardinia, 10 of which for the first time, from collections made in the Marganai area (Carbonia-Iglesias province) and some additional material. Swammerdamella spinigera sp. nov., closely related to S. pediculata (Duda, 1928), is described and figured. The state of knowledge of the Sardinian fauna and its affinities are discussed.

Reassessment of the classification of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata), based on morphological characters. I. General character evaluation and delineation of the families Ophiomyxidae and Ophiacanthidae

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2697 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER MARTYNOV
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
General Character ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic Marker ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Most of the taxonomically reliable internal and microstructural characters (e.g. jaws, dental plate, genital plates, vertebrae) of the recent Ophiuroidea are studied using SEM on a broad comparative basis for the first time, including examination of the arm spine articulation shape in 178 species from 105 genera and 16 families encompassing all major ophiuroid generic diversity. Numerous taxonomic contradictions caused by “over-applying” of external characters to traditional ophiuroid systematics are found and analyzed. Among newly applied microstructural characters, the shape of the arm spine articulations is found to be of great importance for ophiuroid taxonomy at all levels, from order to species. An identification key of the ophiuroid families based exclusively on the shape of the arm spine articulations is presented. Major genera of Ophiacanthidae were studied in order to delineate this family. The group of taxa, traditionally known as the ophiacanthid subfamily Ophiotominae (Paterson, 1985) that was apparently intermediate between Ophiomyxidae and Ophiacanthidae, including the genera Amphilimna Verrill, 1899, Ophiocymbium Lyman, 1880, Ophiodaces Koehler, 1922, Ophiodelos Koehler, 1930, Ophiolimna Verrill, 1899, Ophiologimus H.L. Clark, 1911, Ophiomedea Koehler, 1906, Ophiophrura H.L. Clark, 1911, Ophiopristis Verrill, 1899, Ophioprium H.L. Clark, 1915, Ophiosparte Koehler, 1922, Ophiotoma Lyman, 1883, Ophiotrema Koehler, 1896 was studied in detail using most of available type specimens. In order to study interspecific variability and usefulness as a taxonomic marker of the arm spine articulations, four new species of the apparently ophiotomin genus Ophiocymbium are described: O. antarcticus sp. nov., O. ninae sp. nov., O. tanyae sp. nov. and O. rarispinum sp. nov. A new genus and species, which has affinities to Ophiotominae, Ophioplexa condita gen. et sp. nov. is described. It is demonstrated that many of the genera traditionally included in the subfamily Ophiotominae, e.g. the genera Ophiocymbium, Ophiologimus, Ophiophrura, Ophioprium and Ophioplexa condita gen. et sp. nov., belong to the family Ophiomyxidae instead of Ophiacanthidae. Another apparently intermediate taxon, Ophiorupta discrepans (Koehler, 1922) comb. nov. is also considered as an ophiomyxid. Several further genera with disputed taxonomic placement, e.g. Amphilimna, Ophiopsila, Ophiolimna, Ophioconis, were studied especially and their revised placement is proposed. The following genera are exluded from the family Ophiacanthidae: Amphilimna, Ophiocymbium, Opiodaces, Ophiodelos, Ophiologimus, Ophiophrura, Ophioprium and Ophiosparte. The previously proposed paraphyly of the family Ophiacanthidae (Smith et al., 1995) was to a great extent caused by including a number of genera from distantly related families. The relationship between extinct Oegophiurida and recent ophiuroids was analyzed. A remarkable similarity between arm spine articulations of some Paleozoic oegophiurids and the recent ophiomyxid Ophioscolex glacialis Müller & Troschel, 1842 was discovered. Oegophiurid groove spines are suggested to be homologous with the tentacle scales of the remaining Ophiuroidea. It is suggested that the family Ophiomyxidae thus may be related to some crown Oegophiurida that had already acquired fused vertebrae. The higher ophiuroid taxonomy, based on the genital plate patterns, is critically analyzed in the light of the present data. It is suggested that instead of earlier proposed numerous ophiuroid subgroups most ophiuroid families are closely related. It is suggested, that most of the ophiuroid families (includes Ophiomyxidae, Ophiacanthidae, Ophiodermatidae, Ophiocomidae, Ophionereididae, Ophiochitonidae, Amphilepididae, Amphiuridae, Ophiactidae, Ophiolepididae, Hemieuryalidae, Ophiotrichidae) form a compact group with numerous intermediate taxa even between apparently very different families, whereas the family Ophiuridae and the traditional order Euryalida are more distantly related to the rest of Ophiuroidea. An appropriate name for this higher ophiuroid group will be suggested after a detailed analysis of other ophiuroid groups, which will be made in further publications of this series.

Deep Sea Anarchy: Mining at the Frontiers of International Law

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Stefan Fritz
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
Common Heritage Of Mankind ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

For the first time, new sources of minerals are likely to be exploited in the deep seas in an area beyond national jurisdiction. Deep-sea mining encompasses the potential for cooperation and/or competition between the most technologically and economically advanced States and those aspiring to join this group. The community of States recognized this potential early on and signed new treaties, established new international institutions, and promised new levels of cooperation. Most importantly, they also set a standard according to which the exploration for and exploitation of these new resources are to be governed, namely in the context of the Common Heritage of Mankind. This article assesses what progress has been made in the past forty years on defining and implementing the Common Heritage of Mankind as a normative and legal framework for governing the exploration for and exploitation of marine minerals in the deep seas.

scholarly journals On the Crossing Numbers of the Join Products of Six Graphs of Order Six with Paths and Cycles

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2441
Author(s):  
Michal Staš
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Crossing Number ◽  
Crossing Numbers ◽  
Symmetric Graphs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time ◽  
Edge Crossings

The crossing number of a graph G is the minimum number of edge crossings over all drawings of G in the plane. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the crossing numbers of the join products of six symmetric graphs on six vertices with paths and cycles on n vertices. The idea of configurations is generalized for the first time onto the family of subgraphs whose edges cross the edges of the considered graph at most once, and their lower bounds of necessary numbers of crossings are presented in the common symmetric table. Some proofs of the join products with cycles are done with the help of several well-known auxiliary statements, the idea of which is extended by a suitable classification of subgraphs that do not cross the edges of the examined graphs.

I. Attainder and Forfeiture, 1453 To 1509

1961 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Lander
Keyword(s):  
Married Woman ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Richard Ii ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

Attainder was the most solemn penalty known to the common law. Attainder for treason was followed not only by the most savage and brutal corporal penalties and the forfeiture of all possessions, but in addition the corruption of blood passing to all direct descendants, in other words, by the legal death of the family. Before proceeding to an examination of the effects of parliamentary acts of attainder in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries it is necessary first of all to define the scope of forfeiture for treason as it affected landed property. Bracton's classic definition of forfeiture had involved for the traitor ‘the loss of all his goods and the perpetual disinheritance of his heirs, so that they may be admitted neither to the paternal nor to the maternal inheritance’. Feudal opinion had always been very much opposed to the stringency of this conception and the Edwardian statute De Donis Conditionalibus, confirmed implicitly by the treason statute of 1352, had protected entailed estates from the scope of forfeiture, thus leaving only the fee simple and the widow's dower within the scope of the law. The wife's own inheritance or any jointure which had been made for her, because they ante-dated her husband's treason, as distinct from her right to dower which did not, were not liable to ultimate forfeiture—though a married woman could claim them only when ‘her time came according to the common law’, that is after the death of her husband when she ceased to be ‘femme couvert’. This equitable principle was confirmed by a statute of the Merciless Parliament of 1388 which, however, included for the first time the rule that lands held to the use of a traitor were also included in the scope of forfeiture. Thus, by 1388, of the lands held by a traitor (as distinct from the wife's inheritance and jointure), only those held in fee tail fell outside the scope of the treason laws. This loophole was closed by Richard II in 1398 when Parliament declared forfeit entailed estates as well as lands held in fee simple and to the use of a traitor, thus reverting with one exception to Bracton's view of forfeiture.

scholarly journals Saccharomyces paradoxus K66 Killer System Evidences Expanded Assortment of Helper and Satellite Viruses

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iglė Vepštaitė-Monstavičė ◽  
Juliana Lukša ◽  
Aleksandras Konovalovas ◽  
Dovilė Ežerskytė ◽  
Ramunė Stanevičienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Products ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentation ◽  
Saccharomyces Paradoxus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Killer System ◽  
Virus Sequence ◽  
First Time ◽  
Satellite Viruses

The Saccharomycetaceae yeast family recently became recognized for expanding of the repertoire of different dsRNA-based viruses, highlighting the need for understanding of their cross-dependence. We isolated the Saccharomyces paradoxus AML-15-66 killer strain from spontaneous fermentation of serviceberries and identified helper and satellite viruses of the family Totiviridae, which are responsible for the killing phenotype. The corresponding full dsRNA genomes of viruses have been cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of SpV-LA-66 identified it to be most similar to S. paradoxus LA-28 type viruses, while SpV-M66 was mostly similar to the SpV-M21 virus. Sequence and functional analysis revealed significant differences between the K66 and the K28 toxins. The structural organization of the K66 protein resembled those of the K1/K2 type toxins. The AML-15-66 strain possesses the most expressed killing property towards the K28 toxin-producing strain. A genetic screen performed on S. cerevisiae YKO library strains revealed 125 gene products important for the functioning of the S. paradoxus K66 toxin, with 85% of the discovered modulators shared with S. cerevisiae K2 or K1 toxins. Investigation of the K66 protein binding to cells and different polysaccharides implies the β-1,6 glucans to be the primary receptors of S. paradoxus K66 toxin. For the first time, we demonstrated the coherent habitation of different types of helper and satellite viruses in a wild-type S. paradoxus strain.

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