In-situ Thermal Bridge Evaluation of a Building using Bayesian Inference with Measured Infrared Thermography

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Eunho Kang ◽  
Hyomun Lee ◽  
Dongsu Kim ◽  
Jongho Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Bridge Performance ◽  
Large Figure

Abstract Useful thermal bridge performance indicators (ITBs) of existing buildings may differ from calculated thermal bridge performance derived theoretically due to actual construction conditions, such as irregular shapes and aging. To fill this gap practically, a more realistic quantitative evaluation of thermal bridge on-site needs to be considered to identify thermal behaviors throughout exterior walls and thus improve the overall insulation performance of buildings. In this study, a case study is conducted using an infrared thermal imaging method to evaluate the thermal bridge of an existing building practically. The study's main purpose is to review the thermal bridge performance indicators measured by the steady-state model under field conditions in terms of convergence and uncertainty. Bayesian MCMC is used to examine the validity of the results by deriving evaluation results in the form of distribution, including uncertainty. After the measurement was completed, an analysis of the results was conducted. As a result of measurement for 3 days, it was found that the thermal bridge part had 1.221 times more heat loss than the non-thermal bridge part, which showed a 6.7% deviation from the numerical method. However, the uncertainty was 0.225 (18.4%, CI 95%), a large figure. This is due to the influence of field conditions and shows the limitations of the steady-state measurement model. Regarding the convergence of the results, the measurement results were found to converge continuously as the measurement time increased. This suggests that valid results can be obtained in the field if the measurement is performed for a sufficient time, even with a thermal bridge measurement method assuming a steady-state.

scholarly journals Thermal Characteristics of Breast Surface Temperature in Healthy Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Anna Lubkowska ◽  
Monika Chudecka
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Healthy Women

Thermography is widely used in the medical field, including in the detection of breast disorders. The aim of the research was to characterize the range of breast surface temperature values, taking into account the entire area of the mammary gland and, independently, the nipple, in healthy women. An additional aim was to assess the symmetry of the breast temperature distribution (using an IR camera) and the correlation of temperatures with the content of adipose tissue. Thermograms were made for the right and left breasts, each time delineating the area of the entire breast and a separate area of the nipple, chest, and abdomen. Analyzing the intergroup differences in temperature of selected body areas (Tmean), it was shown that, in all cases, they were significantly higher in younger women. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between breast and nipple temperatures in relation to the body sides. The highest temperatures within the mammary gland were recorded for the nipple area. The use of the high-resolution digital infrared thermal imaging method in early and screening preventive diagnoses of changes in the mammary gland requires individual interpretation of the results, taking into account the assessment of the physiological pattern of temperature distribution in both breasts.

Systematic Literature Review on Smart Mobility: A Framework for Future “Quantitative” Developments

2021 ◽  
pp. 088541222199424
Author(s):  
Mauro Francini ◽  
Lucia Chieffallo ◽  
Annunziata Palermo ◽  
Maria Francesca Viapiana
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Broader Impacts ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Smart Mobility ◽  
Definition Of

This work aims to reorganize theoretical and empirical research on smart mobility through the systematic literature review approach. The research goal is to reach an extended and shared definition of smart mobility using the cluster analysis. The article provides a summary of the state of the art that can have broader impacts in determining new angles for approaching research. In particular, the results will be a reference for future quantitative developments for the authors who are working on the construction of a territorial measurement model of the smartness degree, helping them in identifying performance indicators consistent with the definition proposed.

scholarly journals Design of Batik Crafts Industrial Performance Measurement Model in Wukirsari Region Bantul

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasrin Zabidi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Craft Industry ◽  
Initial Research

One important factor in influencing the progress and decline of an industry is the performance factor. Performance issues are not only important for middle-to-upper-level companies and large companies, but also important for small and medium industries such as the batik craft industry in the Wukirsari region, Bantul. Given the importance of performance, researchers tried to design a performance measurement model of the batik craft industry in the Wukirsari region, Bantul with the aim of identifying performance criteria, determining performance indicators, formulating performance indicators, and making performance measurement instruments. The steps in this study are divided into four phases, namely the initial research phase and problem formulation, the design phase, the analysis phase and the conclusion phase. The initial research phase and problem formulation include, the profile of the batik craft industry in the Wukirsari region, Bantul, the current performance evaluation system, problem formulation and research objectives. The design phase includes the design process of the performance measurement model with the Balanced Scorecard method which includes setting strategic objectives, establishing performance indicators (key performance indicators), determining performance indicator formulas, making performance measurement instruments. Analysis phase includes KPI analysis and strategy map analysis. Conclusion phase includes conclusions from the results of research and suggestions for the batik craft industry in Wukirsari, Bantul. From the results of the study obtained four performance perspectives based on the balanced scorecard, namely financial, customer, internal business processes, learning and growth. five, namely: increased sales growth, high customer satisfaction, improved system and better work processes, the creation of a good work climate, and increased employee productivity.There are seven performance indicators formed, namely: the rate of sales growth, the level of customer satisfaction, level of compliance with customer complaints, percentage of defective products, number of new products, level of job satisfaction, and employee productivity. The establishment of a performance measurement worksheet, so that the performance values of each performance indicator and total performance can be known in a certain period.Keywords: Performance, Measurement, Batik

A Study on Estimation Model of Incidence Factor of the Thermal Bridge Using In-Situ Measurement Infrared Thermography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunho Kang ◽  
Hyomoon Lee ◽  
Dongsu Kim ◽  
Jongho Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Convergence Results ◽  
Bridge Performance

Abstract Practical thermal bridge performance indicators (ITBs) of existing buildings may differ from calculated thermal bridge performance derived theoretically due to actual construction conditions, such as effect of irregular shapes and aging. To fill this gap in a practical manner, more realistic quantitative evaluation of thermal bridge at on-site needs to be considered to identify thermal behaviors throughout exterior walls and thus improve overall insulation performance of buildings. In this paper, the model of a thermal bridge performance indicator is developed based on an in-situ Infrared thermography method, and a case study is then carried out to evaluate thermal performance of an existing exterior wall using the developed model. For the estimation method in this study, the form of the likelihood function is used with the Bayesian method to constantly reflect the measured data. Subsequently, the coefficient of variation is applied to analyze required times for the assumed convergence. Results from the measurement for three days show that thermal bridge under the measurement has more heat losses, including 1.14 times, when compared to the non-thermal bridge. In addition, the results present that it takes about 40 hours to reach 1% of the variation coefficient. Comparison of the ITB estimated at coefficient of variation 1% (40 hours point) with the ITB estimated at end-of-experiment (72 hours point) results in 0.9% of a relative error.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Mechanism of Latent Heat Reduction of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate Phase Change Materials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Liu Wu ◽  
Jianqiang Li ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Shaowei Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Thermal Cycles ◽  
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
Acetate Trihydrate

Sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) phase change material (PCM) has been well known for thermal energy storage due to its high latent heat and resource abundance. However, SAT suffers from severe latent heat reduction after heating and cooling cycles. Although a few of previous researches showed the reduction could be effectively inhibited by using thickeners, the mechanisms of the reduction process and thickeners’ inhibition have not been deeply explored till now. In this work, SAT modified by 5 wt.% nucleating agent of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (SAT/5 wt.% DSP) was prepared and 200 thermal cycles were carried out. The differential scanning calorimeter, Rheometer, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscope were used to investigate the extent of latent heat reduction, viscosity, phase composition and microstructure, respectively, and the infrared thermal imaging method was used to evaluate heat storage capacity. It was found that the latent heat of SAT/5 wt.% DSP dropped dramatically and the relative decrease in latent heat was measured to be 22.44%. The lower layer of SAT/5 wt.% DSP contained 24.1 wt.% CH3COONa, which was quantitatively consistent with the reduction extent. Furthermore, the phase change endothermic time of the lower layer was only 44.1% of that of the upper. SAT/5 wt.% DSP was further modified by 3 wt.% thickener of carboxymethyl cellulose (SAT/5 wt.% DSP/3 wt.% CMC) and endured 200 thermal cycles. The extent of the latent heat reduction of SAT/5 wt.% DSP/3 wt.% CMC was only 9.29%, and phase compositions were more homogeneous. The 3 wt.% CMC increased viscosity by 14 times, which effectively prevented the Stokes sedimentation velocity of CH3COONa in melts and inhibited the final macroscopic phase separation.

Investigation on the thermal effects of NaYF4:Er under 1550 nm irradiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 8465-8470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Xiumei Yin ◽  
Mingming Xing ◽  
Yao Fu ◽  
Ying Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Diode ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging

The thermal effects of NaYF4:Er microcrystals under 1550 nm laser diode irradiation were investigated using an infrared thermal imaging method.

Performance Indicators for Steady-State Heat Transfer Through Fin Assemblies

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Wood ◽  
G. E. Tupholme ◽  
M. I. H. Bhatti ◽  
P. J. Heggs
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
State Heat ◽  
Extended Surface ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Steady State Heat ◽  
Steady State Heat Transfer

A comparative study is presented of several models describing steady-state heat flow through an assembly consisting of a primary surface (wall) and attached extended surface (fin). Attention is focused on the validity of four performance indicators. The work shows that the augmentation factor is the only indicator capable of correctly predicting the behavioral trends of the rate of heat flow through the assembly as the influencing physical parameters are varied.

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