scholarly journals Economic Considerations in Applying Gas Turbines to Electric Utility and Industrial Applications

1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Dygert
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
The Common ◽  
Economic Considerations

Although there is tremendous interest in the gas turbine and it has become a fully recognized prime mover, there have been relatively little data collected in one paper which would aid in evaluating various gas turbine cycles. This paper presents estimating cost data which can be used for preliminary evaluations and discusses factors, unique with the gas turbine, which should be considered. Although well known, two of the common methods of evaluating power plants are discussed with particular reference to gas turbines.

scholarly journals Clear Skies Ahead

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (06) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Boom And Bust

This article discusses various fields where gas turbines can play a vital role. Building engines for commercial jetliners is the largest market segment for the gas turbine industry; however, it is far from being the only one. One 2015 military gas turbine program of note was the announcement of an U.S. Air Force competition for an innovative design of a small turbine engine, suitable for a medium-size drone aircraft. The electrical power gas turbine market experienced a sharp boom and bust from 2000 to 2002 because of the deregulation of many electric utilities. Since then, however, the electric power gas turbine market has shown a steady increase, right up to present times. Coal-fired plants now supply less than 5 percent of the electrical load, having been largely replaced by new natural gas-fired gas turbine power plants. Working in tandem with renewable energy power facilities, the new fleet of gas turbines is expected to provide reliable, on-demand electrical power at a reasonable cost.

Assessment of the Potential of Combined Micro Gas Turbine and High Temperature Fuel Cell Systems

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Bohn ◽  
Nathalie Po¨ppe ◽  
Joachim Lepers
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Technological Assessment

The present paper reports a detailed technological assessment of two concepts of integrated micro gas turbine and high temperature (SOFC) fuel cell systems. The first concept is the coupling of micro gas turbines and fuel cells with heat exchangers, maximising availability of each component by the option for easy stand-alone operation. The second concept considers a direct coupling of both components and a pressurised operation of the fuel cell, yielding additional efficiency augmentation. Based on state-of-the-art technology of micro gas turbines and solid oxide fuel cells, the paper analyses effects of advanced cycle parameters based on future material improvements on the performance of 300–400 kW combined micro gas turbine and fuel cell power plants. Results show a major potential for future increase of net efficiencies of such power plants utilising advanced materials yet to be developed. For small sized plants under consideration, potential net efficiencies around 70% were determined. This implies possible power-to-heat-ratios around 9.1 being a basis for efficient utilisation of this technology in decentralised CHP applications.

Marine Gas Turbine Performance Model for More Electric Ships

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Koutsothanasis ◽  
Anestis I. Kalfas ◽  
Georgios Doulgeris
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Creep Life ◽  
Hull Fouling ◽  
Turbine Performance

This paper presents the benefits of the more electric vessels powered by hybrid engines and investigates the suitability of a particular prime-mover for a specific ship type using a simulation environment which can approach the actual operating conditions. The performance of a mega yacht (70m), powered by two 4.5MW recuperated gas turbines is examined in different voyage scenarios. The analysis is accomplished for a variety of weather and hull fouling conditions using a marine gas turbine performance software which is constituted by six modules based on analytical methods. In the present study, the marine simulation model is used to predict the fuel consumption and emission levels for various conditions of sea state, ambient and sea temperatures and hull fouling profiles. In addition, using the aforementioned parameters, the variation of engine and propeller efficiency can be estimated. Finally, the software is coupled to a creep life prediction tool, able to calculate the consumption of creep life of the high pressure turbine blading for the predefined missions. The results of the performance analysis show that a mega yacht powered by gas turbines can have comparable fuel consumption with the same vessel powered by high speed Diesel engines in the range of 10MW. In such Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP) environment the gas turbine provides a comprehensive candidate as a prime mover, mainly due to its compactness being highly valued in such application and its eco-friendly operation. The simulation of different voyage cases shows that cleaning the hull of the vessel, the fuel consumption reduces up to 16%. The benefit of the clean hull becomes even greater when adverse weather condition is considered. Additionally, the specific mega yacht when powered by two 4.2MW Diesel engines has a cruising speed of 15 knots with an average fuel consumption of 10.5 [tonne/day]. The same ship powered by two 4.5MW gas turbines has a cruising speed of 22 knots which means that a journey can be completed 31.8% faster, which reduces impressively the total steaming time. However the gas turbine powered yacht consumes 9 [tonne/day] more fuel. Considering the above, Gas Turbine looks to be the only solution which fulfills the next generation sophisticated high powered ship engine requirements.

Dynamic Behavior of a Solar Hybrid Gas Turbine System

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Felsmann ◽  
Uwe Gampe ◽  
Manfred Freimark
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Component Development

Solar hybrid gas turbine technology has the potential to increase the efficiency of future solar thermal power plants by utilizing solar heat at a much higher temperature level than state of the art plants based on steam turbine cycles. In a previous paper the authors pointed out, that further development steps are required for example in the field of component development and in the investigation of the system dynamics to realize a mature technology for commercial application [1]. In this paper new findings on system dynamics are presented based on the simulation model of a solar hybrid gas turbine with parallel arrangement of the combustion chamber and solar receivers. The operational behavior of the system is described by means of two different scenarios. The System operation in a stand-alone electrical supply network is investigated in the first scenario. Here it is shown that fast load changes in the network lead to a higher shaft speed deviation of the electric generator compared to pure fossil fired systems. In the second scenario a generator load rejection, as a worst case, is analyzed. The results make clear that additional relief concepts like blow-off valves are necessary as the standard gas turbine protection does not meet the specific requirements of the solar hybrid operation. In general the results show, that the solar hybrid operational modes are much more challenging for the gas turbines control and safety system compared to pure fossil fired plants due to the increased volumetric storage capacity of the system.

The United States Navy “Standard Day” for Marine Gas Turbines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hartranft ◽  
Bruce Thompson ◽  
Dan Groghan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
United States Navy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Power Capability

Following the successful development of aircraft jet engines during World War II (WWII), the United States Navy began exploring the advantages of gas turbine engines for ship and boat propulsion. Early development soon focused on aircraft derivative (aero derivative) gas turbines for use in the United States Navy (USN) Fleet rather than engines developed specifically for marine and industrial applications due to poor results from a few of the early marine and industrial developments. Some of the new commercial jet engine powered aircraft that had emerged at the time were the Boeing 707 and the Douglas DC-8. It was from these early aircraft engine successes (both commercial and military) that engine cores such as the JT4-FT4 and others became available for USN ship and boat programs. The task of adapting the jet engine to the marine environment turned out to be a substantial task because USN ships were operated in a completely different environment than that of aircraft which caused different forms of turbine corrosion than that seen in aircraft jet engines. Furthermore, shipboard engines were expected to perform tens of thousands of hours before overhaul compared with a few thousand hours mean time between overhaul usually experienced in aircraft applications. To address the concerns of shipboard applications, standards were created for marine gas turbine shipboard qualification and installation. One of those standards was the development of a USN Standard Day for gas turbines. This paper addresses the topic of a Navy Standard Day as it relates to the introduction of marine gas turbines into the United States Navy Fleet and why it differs from other rating approaches. Lastly, this paper will address examples of issues encountered with early requirements and whether current requirements for the Navy Standard Day should be changed. Concerning other rating approaches, the paper will also address the issue of using an International Organization for Standardization, that is, an International Standard Day. It is important to address an ISO STD DAY because many original equipment manufacturers and commercial operators prefer to rate their aero derivative gas turbines based on an ISO STD DAY with no losses. The argument is that the ISO approach fully utilizes the power capability of the engine. This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the ISO STD DAY approach and how the USN STD DAY approach has benefitted the USN. For the future, with the advance of engine controllers and electronics, utilizing some of the features of an ISO STD DAY approach may be possible while maintaining the advantages of the USN STD DAY.

Strength Design and Reliability Evaluation of a Hybrid Ceramic Stator Vane for Industrial Gas Turbines

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakakado ◽  
T. Machida ◽  
H. Miyata ◽  
T. Hisamatsu ◽  
N. Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Metal Structure ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Strength Design ◽  
Stator Vane ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Hybrid Ceramic

Employing ceramic materials for the critical components of industrial gas turbines is anticipated to improve the thermal efficiency of power plants. We developed a first-stage stator vane for a 1300°C class, 20-MW industrial gas turbine. This stator vane has a hybrid ceramic/metal structure, to increase the strength reliability of brittle ceramic parts, and to reduce the amount of cooling air needed for metal parts as well. The strength design results of a ceramic main part are described. Strength reliability evaluation results are also provided based on a cascade test using combustion gas under actual gas turbine running conditions.

scholarly journals Considerations regarding the anti-icing system for the ship propulsion plant with gas turbine

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
George Iulian Balan ◽  
Octavian Narcis Volintiru ◽  
Ionut Cristian Scurtu ◽  
Florin Ioniță ◽  
Mirela Letitia Vasile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

Vessels that have navigation routes in areas with ambient temperatures that can drop below + 5 [°C], with a relative humidity of over 65%, will have implemented technical solutions for monitoring and combating ice accumulations in the intake routes of gas turbine power plants. Because gas turbines are not designed and built to allow the admission of foreign objects (in this case - ice), it is necessary to avoid the accumulation of ice through anti-icing systems and not to melt ice through defrost systems. Naval anti-icing systems may have as a source of energy flow compressed air, supersaturated steam, exhaust gases, electricity or a combination of those listed. The monitoring and optimization of the operation of the anti-icing system gives the gas turbine power plant an operation as close as possible to the normal regimes stipulated in the ship's construction or retrofit specification.

Principles of Imitation for the Loading of the Test Bench for Gas Turbines of Gas Pumping Units, Adequate to Real Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13678
Author(s):  
Anton Petrochenkov ◽  
Aleksandr Romodin ◽  
Vladimir Kazantsev ◽  
Aleksey Sal’nikov ◽  
Sergey Bochkarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Gas Pumping ◽  
Pumping Units

The purpose of the study is to analyze the prospects for the development of loading methods for gas turbines as well as to develop a mathematical model that adequately describes the real operating conditions of the loading system at various loads and rotation speeds. A comparative analysis of the most common methods and technical means of loading the shafts of a free turbine at gas turbine plants intended for operation as part of gas pumping units is presented. Based on the results of the analysis, the expediency of using the loading model “Free Power Turbine Rotor–Hydraulic Brake” as a load simulation is shown. Recommendations for the creation of an automation system for the load testing of power plants have been developed. Mathematical models and Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation models of power plants have been developed and tested. One of the most important factors that predetermine the effectiveness of the loading principle is the possibility of software implementation of the loading means using software control systems that provide the specified loading parameters of the gas turbine.

scholarly journals A Small Scale Biomass Fueled Gas Turbine Engine

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe D. Craig ◽  
Carol R. Purvis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Turbine Component ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Generation

A new generation of small scale (less than 20 MWe) biomass fueled, power plants are being developed based on a gas turbine (Brayton cycle) prime mover. These power plants are expected to increase the efficiency and lower the cost of generating power from fuels such as wood. The new power plants are also expected to economically utilize annual plant growth materials (such as rice hulls, cotton gin trash, nut shells, and various straws, grasses, and animal manures) that are not normally considered as fuel for power plants. This paper summarizes the new power generation concept with emphasis on the engineering challenges presented by the gas turbine component.

scholarly journals Reheat and Regenerative Gas Turbines for Feed Water Repowering of Steam Power Plant

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Negri di Montenegro ◽  
M. Gambini ◽  
A. Peretto
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Steam Power Plants

This study is concerned with the repowering of existing steam power plants (SPP) by gas turbine (GT) units. The energy integration between SPP and GT is analyzed taking into particular account the employment of simple and complex cycle gas turbines. With regard to this, three different gas turbine has been considered: simple Brayton cycle, regenerative cycle and reheat cycle. Each of these cycles has been considered for feed water repowering of three different existing steam power plants. Moreover, the energy integration between the above plants has been analyzed taking into account three different assumptions for the SPP off-design conditions. In particular it has been established to keep the nominal value for steam turbine power output or for steam flow-rate at the steam turbine inlet or, finally, for steam flow-rate in the condenser. The numerical analysis has been carried out by the employment of numerical models regarding SPP and GT, developed by the authors. These models have been here properly connected to evaluate the performance of the repowered plants. The results of the investigation have revealed the interest of considering the use of complex cycle gas turbines, especially reheat cycles, for the feed water repowering of steam power plants. It should be taken into account that these energy advantages are determined by a repowering solution, i.e. feed water repowering which, although it is attractive for its simplicity, do not generally allows, with Brayton cycle, a better exploitation of the energy system integration in comparison with other repowering solutions. Besides these energy considerations, an analysis on the effects induced by repowering in the working parameters of existing components is also explained.

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