scholarly journals A User Programmable General Purpose Microprocessor Control System

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Authority Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structure And Design ◽  
Hardware Structure

This paper describes the hardware structure and design of a general-purpose microprocessor based controller intended for the full authority control of gas turbine and diesel engines in ground based vehicle and industrial applications. Particular attention is paid to the digital processor and how it’s design was influenced by the user requirements of a general purpose, real-time system. The system is currently being manufactured in production form. An accompanying paper describes the supporting software and user program facilities (Ref 1). Such systems based on the use of microprocessors must not only provide general purpose hardware, but also software structured so that a wide range of control algorithms may be programmed and performed within strict limits of real-time. This paper describes the development of the Type C4E87 General Purpose Controller (REF Fig. 1) with particular reference to its hardware structure and design within a system intended primarily for application as a full authority control of gas turbine and diesel engines etc.

Experimental Study of an Exhaust Ejector With Entraining Diffuser

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Chen ◽  
A. M. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Pressure Recovery ◽  
Entrainment Ratio ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inlet Swirl ◽  
Air Ejector ◽  
Velocity Pressure

Air-air ejectors are used in a wide range of industrial applications. In gas turbine installations, ejectors are typically used for entraining ventilation air or cooling of exhaust ducting. In some gas turbine applications, the exhaust system must be cooled to limit temperatures inside the structure or to manage heat signatures. The ducts are usually cooled by ejectors with film or effusion cooled diffusers. Entraining diffusers typically have poor pressure recovery and as a result, the ejector performance is affected. This paper presents experimental results on the performance of an air-air ejector with an entraining diffuser. The effects of inlet swirl, and primary nozzle area ratio on the diffuser pressure recovery and ejector pumping were studied. The ejector experiments were carried out on a cold flow wind tunnel that can provide primary air flow rates up to 2.2 kg/s at ambient temperature. Velocity, pressure and temperature measurements were taken in the annulus upstream of the primary nozzle, at the nozzle exit, at the diffuser inlet, on the diffuser walls, and at the diffuser exit. The results show that swirl strongly improves flow non-uniformity at the diffuser exit. The peak pumping performance and the strongest diffuser gap flows was observed with 20° of swirl in the primary nozzle flow. At the no swirl condition, the nozzle area ratio slightly affected the overall entrainment ratio. However, the large nozzle area ratio resulted in the best pumping when swirl was applied.

scholarly journals Alkalmazott mesterséges intelligencia felhasználási területei és biztonsági kérdései – Mesterséges intelligencia a gyakorlatban

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Péter Ekler ◽  
Dániel Pásztor
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range

Összefoglalás. A mesterséges intelligencia az elmúlt években hatalmas fejlődésen ment keresztül, melynek köszönhetően ma már rengeteg különböző szakterületen megtalálható valamilyen formában, rengeteg kutatás szerves részévé vált. Ez leginkább az egyre inkább fejlődő tanulóalgoritmusoknak, illetve a Big Data környezetnek köszönhető, mely óriási mennyiségű tanítóadatot képes szolgáltatni. A cikk célja, hogy összefoglalja a technológia jelenlegi állapotát. Ismertetésre kerül a mesterséges intelligencia történelme, az alkalmazási területek egy nagyobb része, melyek központi eleme a mesterséges intelligencia. Ezek mellett rámutat a mesterséges intelligencia különböző biztonsági réseire, illetve a kiberbiztonság területén való felhasználhatóságra. A cikk a jelenlegi mesterséges intelligencia alkalmazások egy szeletét mutatja be, melyek jól illusztrálják a széles felhasználási területet. Summary. In the past years artificial intelligence has seen several improvements, which drove its usage to grow in various different areas and became the focus of many researches. This can be attributed to improvements made in the learning algorithms and Big Data techniques, which can provide tremendous amount of training. The goal of this paper is to summarize the current state of artificial intelligence. We present its history, introduce the terminology used, and show technological areas using artificial intelligence as a core part of their applications. The paper also introduces the security concerns related to artificial intelligence solutions but also highlights how the technology can be used to enhance security in different applications. Finally, we present future opportunities and possible improvements. The paper shows some general artificial intelligence applications that demonstrate the wide range usage of the technology. Many applications are built around artificial intelligence technologies and there are many services that a developer can use to achieve intelligent behavior. The foundation of different approaches is a well-designed learning algorithm, while the key to every learning algorithm is the quality of the data set that is used during the learning phase. There are applications that focus on image processing like face detection or other gesture detection to identify a person. Other solutions compare signatures while others are for object or plate number detection (for example the automatic parking system of an office building). Artificial intelligence and accurate data handling can be also used for anomaly detection in a real time system. For example, there are ongoing researches for anomaly detection at the ZalaZone autonomous car test field based on the collected sensor data. There are also more general applications like user profiling and automatic content recommendation by using behavior analysis techniques. However, the artificial intelligence technology also has security risks needed to be eliminated before applying an application publicly. One concern is the generation of fake contents. These must be detected with other algorithms that focus on small but noticeable differences. It is also essential to protect the data which is used by the learning algorithm and protect the logic flow of the solution. Network security can help to protect these applications. Artificial intelligence can also help strengthen the security of a solution as it is able to detect network anomalies and signs of a security issue. Therefore, the technology is widely used in IT security to prevent different type of attacks. As different BigData technologies, computational power, and storage capacity increase over time, there is space for improved artificial intelligence solution that can learn from large and real time data sets. The advancements in sensors can also help to give more precise data for different solutions. Finally, advanced natural language processing can help with communication between humans and computer based solutions.

Combination of a Nonlinear Static and a Linear Dynamic Model of the NETL HyPer System

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Restrepo ◽  
Larry E. Banta ◽  
Alex J. Tsai ◽  
David Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Linear Dynamic ◽  
Wide Range

A nonlinear steady-state thermodynamic model was coupled with linearized dynamic transfer functions to achieve a dynamic description of the NETL HyPer Fuel Cell Gas Turbine (FC/GT) power plant. Nonlinear dynamic models insure accuracy in modeling steady-state behavior over a wide range of operation, but such models are often complex and difficult to implement in real-time using conventional control systems equipment. Conversely, the linearized models provide the ability to predict transient behavior upon which dynamic control systems can be constructed, but are valid only about a narrow operating point. In systems with one or two state variables, it is relatively straightforward to construct controllers that use gain scheduling schemes. But the HyPer system contains many coupled state variables and high degrees of nonlinearity. A method called Real-Time Piecewise Linear Dynamic Modeling (RPLDM) has been implemented to provide both modeling accuracy and real-time performance for the HyPer system over a multi-dimensional hypersurface. Both the nonlinear and the linear constituent models were constructed based on experimental data collected in tests performed on the HyPer system. The models presently consider only the cathode circuit of the fuel cell and contain a recuperated gas turbine system equipped with an electric generator, a simulated fuel cell cathode and various bypass valves for thermal management and system control. The key variables of air temperature, air pressure and mass flow to the cathode of the fuel cell and the turbomachinery have been predicted to within 2% of measured values. This paper presents the modeling technique and comparisons of the model output with experimental data.

scholarly journals METHOD FOR ASSESSING OF RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS IN DESIGNING OF FAILURERESISTANT REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (61) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
P. Shvahirev ◽  
◽  
O. Lopakov ◽  
V. Kosmachevskiy ◽  
V. Salii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Time System ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
External Events

For many years, real-time OS-based applications have been used in embedded special-purpose systems. Recently they have been used everywhere, from on-board control systems for aircraft, to household appliances. The development of multiprocessor computing systems usually aims to increase either the level of reliability or the level of system performance to values that are inaccessible or difficult to implement in traditional computer systems. In the first case, the question of the availability of special means of ensuring the fault tolerance of computer systems arises, the main feature (and advantage) of which is the absence of any single resource, failure of which leads to a fatal failure of the entire system. The use of a real-time operating system is always associated with equipment, with an object and with events occurring at an object. A real-time system, as a hardware-software complex, includes sensors that record events at an object, input / output modules that convert sensor readings into a digital form suitable for processing these readings on a computer, and finally, a computer with a program that responds to events occurring at the facility. The RTOS is focused on processing external events. It is this that leads to fundamental differences (compared with general-purpose OS) in the structure of the system as well as in the functions of the kernel and in the construction of the input-output system. The RTOS can be similar in its user interface to general-purpose operating systems, but it is completely different in its structure. In addition, the use of RTOS is always specific. If users (not developers) usually perceive a general-purpose OS as a ready-made set of applications, then the RTOS serves only as a tool for creating a specific hardware-software complex in real time. Therefore, the widest class of users of RTOS is the developers of real-time complexes, people designing control and data collection systems. When designing and developing a specific real-time system, the programmer always knows exactly what events can occur at the facility, and he knows the critical terms for servicing each of these events. We call a real-time system (SRV) a hardware-software complex that responds in predictable times to an unpredictable stream of external events. The system must have time to respond to the event that occurred at the facility, during the time critical for this event. The critical time for each event is determined by the object and by the event itself, and, of course, it can be different, but the response time of the system must be predicted (calculated) when creating the system. Lack of response at the predicted time is considered an error for real-time systems. The system must have time to respond to simultaneously occurring events. Even if two or more external events occur simultaneously, the system must have time to respond to each of them during time intervals critical for these events. In this study, as part of a network fault-tolerant technology, the RTOS becomes a special type of control software that is used to organize the operation of embedded applications, which are characterized by limited memory resources, low productivity and the requirements of a guaranteed response time (T<4 μs), high level availability and availability of auto-monitoring facilities.

scholarly journals Fpga-based control of piezoelectric actuators

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Juhász ◽  
Jürgen Maas
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuators ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Integral Control ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inspection Systems ◽  
In Series ◽  
Micropositioning System

In many industrial applications like semiconductor production and optical inspection systems, the availability of positioning systems capable to follow trajectory paths in the range of several centimetres, featuring at the same time a nanometre-range precision, is demanding. Pure piezoelectric stages and standard positioning systems with motor and spindle are not able to meet such requirements, because of the small operation range and inadequacies like backlash and friction. One concept for overcoming these problems consists of a hybrid positioning system built through the integration of a DC-drive in series with a piezoelectric actuator. The wide range of potential applications enables a considerable market potential for such an actuator, but due to the high variety of possible positioned objects and dynamic requirements, the required control complexity may be significant. In this paper, a real-time capable state-space control concept for the piezoelectric actuators, embedded in such a hybrid micropositioning system, is presented. The implementation of the controller together with a real-time capable hysteresis compensation measure is performed using a low-budget FPGA-board, whereas the superimposed integrated controller is realized with a dSPACE RCP-system. The advantages of the designed control over a traditional proportional-integral control structure are proven through experimental results using a commercially available hybrid micropositioning system. Positioning results by different dynamic requirements featuring positioning velocities from 1 ?m/s up to 5 cm/s are given.

scholarly journals International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management, ISSN 2153-2648, 2017 019 1 A Condition Based Maintenance Implementation for an Automated People Mover Gearbox

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ashasi-Sorkhabi ◽  
Stanley Fong ◽  
Guru Prakash ◽  
Sriram Narasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Condition Based Maintenance ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Condition Indicators ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Wide Range

Data-driven condition-based maintenance (CBM) can be an effective predictive maintenance strategy for components within complex systems with unknown dynamics, nonstationary vibration signatures or a lack of historical failure data. CBM strategies allow operators to maintain components based on their condition in lieu of traditional alternatives such as preventive or corrective strategies. In this paper, the authors present an outline of the CBM program and a field pilot study being conducted on the gearbox, a critical component in an automated cable-driven people mover (APM) system at Toronto’s Pearson airport. This CBM program utilizes a paired server-client “two-tier” configuration for fault detection and prognosis. At the first level, fault detection is performed in real-time using vibration data collected from accelerometers mounted on the APM gearbox. Time-domain condition indicators are extracted from the signals to establish the baseline condition of the system to detect faults in real-time. All tier one tasks are handled autonomously using a controller located on-site. In the second level pertaining to prognostics, these condition indicators are utilized for degradation modeling and subsequent remaining useful life (RUL) estimation using random coefficient and stochastic degradation models. Parameter estimation is undertaken using a hierarchical Bayesian approach. Degradation parameters and the RUL model are updated in a feedback loop using the collected degradation data. While the case study presented will primarily focus on a cable-driven APM gearbox, the underlying theory and the tools developed to undertake diagnostics and prognostics tasks are broadly applicable to a wide range of other civil and industrial applications.

Real-Time Modelling of the Thermoacoustic Dynamics of a Gas Turbine Using a Gaussian Process

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Schneider ◽  
Stephan Staudacher ◽  
Bruno Schuermans ◽  
Haiwen Ye ◽  
Thiemo Meeuwissen
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Process ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Thermoacoustic Instabilities ◽  
Wide Range

Premixed gas turbine combustors operated at very lean conditions are prone to thermoacoustic instabilities. Thermoacoustic instabilities have negative effects on the operability of the combustion chamber. The prevention of thermoacoustic instabilities is a major design goal of the gas turbine combustor system as well as its control system. An appropriate real-time model helps the design of effective control algorithms for the prevention of thermoacoustic instabilities. This paper presents a black-box real-time modelling approach for thermoacoustic instabilities simulation using a Gaussian-Process. A Gaussian Process is a stochastic process that can approximate arbitrary functions, similar to Neural Networks, but with the advantage that it can be implemented and tuned in a more straightforward manner since a theoretical framework exists for the optimization of the hyperparameters influencing the process. The Gaussian Process can be trained in a fast and straight-forward manner. The trained Gaussian Process has been proven to be very efficient numerically, which enables it to be used in a real-time simulation environment. The real-time gas turbine model is to be used in the development of control algorithms that allow for low-NOx and robust operation of the gas turbine in conjunction with low acoustic pulsation levels. Verification on a gas turbine demonstrated the high accuracy of this modeling approach for a wide range of operating conditions. Moreover, it was shown that a Gaussian Process trained with data of one engine correctly reproduced acoustic pulsation behaviour of another engine.

Presence-Based Real-Time Communication

2011 ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
Frank Frößler ◽  
Kai Riemer
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Text Chat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Awareness Information ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Office Software

Presence-based real-time communication (RTC) presents itself as a new and emerging technology in the E-collaboration arena with a wide range of new products currently entering the market. Originally created through the integration of instant messaging, with its text chat functionality and presence awareness information, with voice-over IP (VoIP) communication RTC has been maturing over the past three years. Further information and communication channels have been added and RTC technology shows significant potential for integration with other collaborative application as well as general purpose systems like office software. By introducing RTC, its features, potential usage scenarios, and the main players and future trends, this article names several aspects which might inspire future research in this area.

Real-Time System for Sending Data from Three Clients to One Server with MATLAB

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Rivan Risdaryanto ◽  
Houtman P. Siregar ◽  
Dedy Loebis
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time System ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
The Real ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Data Process ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

The real-time system is now used on many fields, such as telecommunication, military, information system, evenmedical to get information quickly, on time and accurate. Needless to say, a real-time system will always considerthe performance time. In our application, we define the time target/deadline, so that the system should execute thewhole tasks under predefined deadline. However, if the system failed to finish the tasks, it will lead to fatal failure.In other words, if the system cannot be executed on time, it will affect the subsequent tasks. In this paper, wepropose a real-time system for sending data to find effectiveness and efficiency. Sending data process will beconstructed in MATLAB and sending data process has a time target as when data will send.

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