scholarly journals Application of Heavy Fuel Test Results to Gas Turbine Operation

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Rose ◽  
A. Caruvana ◽  
A. Cohn ◽  
H. Von Doering
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ash Deposition ◽  
Test Results ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Demonstration Program ◽  
On Line ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Ash Removal ◽  
Stage 1

The results of ash deposition tests with simulated residual oil are presented. Both air-cooled and water-cooled nozzles were tested over a range of firing temperature, fuel contaminant levels, and metal surface temperatures. Extensive ash cleaning tests were also completed under full, steady-state operating conditions. Various online ash removal techniques were tested including small nutshells, large nutshells, coke particles, and water droplets. The results of these tests were applied to a General Electric gas turbine to predict actual field operation at turbine inlet temperatures up to 2300°F (1260°C). Use of on-line ash removal and optimum water washing intervals are shown to significantly improve the economics of gas turbine operation on heavy fuels. The improvements in heavy fuel operation were larger with a water-cooled stage 1 nozzle than with an air-cooled nozzle. This work was jointly sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute and General Electric under the Advanced Cooling, Full-Scale Engine Demonstration Program.

scholarly journals Application of Water Cooling for Improved Gas Turbine Fuel Flexibility and Availability

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Rose ◽  
A. Caruvana ◽  
H. Von E. Doering ◽  
D. P. Smith ◽  
A. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Ash Deposition ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Demonstration Program ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Stage 1

Near term application of water cooling to stage 1 nozzles on present day gas turbines results in significant improvements in fuel flexibility and performance. Design and performance calculations for application of a water-cooled stage 1 nozzle are compared to an air-cooled stage 1 nozzle in a heavy duty gas turbine. The results of ash deposition tests of both air-cooled and water-cooled nozzles using simulated residual fuel are presented for firing temperatures of 1850°F and 2050°F. This work was jointly sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute and General Electric under the Advanced Cooling, Full-Scale Engine Demonstration Program.

A Self-Correcting and Self-Checking Gas Turbine Meter

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Z. Lee ◽  
D. C. Blakeslee ◽  
R. V. White
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exit Angle ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Main Rotor ◽  
Calibration Accuracy

A new metering concept of a self-correcting and self-checking turbine meter is described in which a sensor rotor downstream from the main rotor senses and responds to changes in the exit angle of the fluid leaving the main rotor. The output from the sensor rotor is then electronically combined with the output from the main rotor to produce an adjusted output which automatically and continuously corrects to original meter calibration accuracy. This takes place despite changes in retarding torques, bearing wear and/or upstream conditions occurring in field operations over those which were experienced during calibration. The ratio of the sensor rotor output to the main rotor output at operating conditions is also automatically and continuously compared with that at calibration conditions. This provides an indication of the amount of accuracy deviation from initial calibration that is being corrected by the sensor rotor. This concept is studied theoretically and experimentally. Both the theory and test results (laboratory and field) confirm the concept’s validity and practicability.

scholarly journals Industrial Gas Turbine Performance: Compressor Fouling and On-Line Washing

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uyioghosa Igie ◽  
Pericles Pilidis ◽  
Dimitrios Fouflias ◽  
Kenneth Ramsden ◽  
Panagiotis Laskaridis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Compressor Blades ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

Industrial gas turbines are susceptible to compressor fouling, which is the deposition and accretion of airborne particles or contaminants on the compressor blades. This paper demonstrates the blade aerodynamic effects of fouling through experimental compressor cascade tests and the accompanied engine performance degradation using turbomatch, an in-house gas turbine performance software. Similarly, on-line compressor washing is implemented taking into account typical operating conditions comparable with industry high pressure washing. The fouling study shows the changes in the individual stage maps of the compressor in this condition, the impact of degradation during part-load, influence of control variables, and the identification of key parameters to ascertain fouling levels. Applying demineralized water for 10 min, with a liquid-to-air ratio of 0.2%, the aerodynamic performance of the blade is shown to improve, however most of the cleaning effect occurred in the first 5 min. The most effectively washed part of the blade was the pressure side, in which most of the particles deposited during the accelerated fouling. The simulation of fouled and washed engine conditions indicates 30% recovery of the lost power due to washing.

On-Line Detergent Washing: Reducing the Environmental Effects on the LCAC Gas Turbine Engines

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Patterson ◽  
Soren K. Spring
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Test Results ◽  
On Line ◽  
Air Cushion

The Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) gas turbine engines operate in an extremely harsh environment and are exposed to excessive amounts of foreign contaminants. The present method of crank washing is effective when properly performed, but is labor intensive and increases craft downtime. Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station (NAVSSES) designed and installed a prototype on-line detergent wash system which reduced maintenance and craft downtime. Initial test results indicated that the system reduced engine performance degradation and corrosion.

Vacuum Plasma Spray Turbine Bucket Coating Development

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Wood ◽  
P. W. Schilke ◽  
M. F. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Plasma Spray ◽  
Hot Corrosion ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Vacuum Plasma Spray ◽  
Test Results ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Vacuum Plasma ◽  
Turbine Bucket

This paper describes the vacuum plasma spray (VPS) turbine bucket coating development work conducted by the General Electric Company, Gas Turbine Division. The potential for corrosion in gas turbine buckets is described, and examples of the different types of hot corrosion are shown. Development of the first VPS coating (PLASMAGUARD* GT-29) is discussed, and corrosion laboratory burner test and field test results are presented. Coating development work aimed at low-temperature hot-corrosion conditions is also summarized. Laboratory test results on a new PLASMAGUARD coating (GT-43) developed for low-temperature hot corrosion are presented. The new General Electric Gas Turbine Division VPS coating manufacturing facility used to apply these coatings is also described.

Water Injected LM 1600 Installation and Operating Experience

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Injection Flow ◽  
Power Turbine ◽  
Nox Control ◽  
Optimum Water ◽  
Control Water

In 1992 Alberta Natural Gas Company Ltd (“ANG”) installed a General Electric LM 1600 gas turbine at its Moyie compressor station in southeastern BC, Canada. The unit was packaged by Dresser Rand with a General Electric supplied power turbine. To comply with provincial emissions permitting requirements, and in response to growing environmental concerns, the gas turbine was installed with water injection for exhaust stack NOx control. Water was obtained from an underground well and, after treatment to bring the water to a condition specified by General Electric, was injected into the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. After commissioning, extensive on-site testing was conducted to determine the emissions from the unit using three different techniques, at a variety of load and water injection rates. These tests showed that the expected emission reductions had been achieved and allowed the optimum water injection flow rate to be accurately established for a range of operating conditions.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling of Single-Shaft Industrial Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bettocchi ◽  
P. R. Spina ◽  
F. Fabbri
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Modeling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
On Line ◽  
Working Parameters ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

In the paper the dynamic non-linear model of single shaft industrial gas turbine was developed as the first stage of a methodology aimed at the diagnosis of measurement and control sensors and gas turbine operating conditions. The model was calibrated by means of reference steady-state condition data of a real industrial gas turbine and was used to simulate various machine transients. The model is modular in structure and was carried out in simplified form, but not so as to compromise its accuracy, to reduce the calculation time and thus make it more suitable for on-line simulation. The comparison between values of working parameters obtained by the simulations and measurements during some transients on the gas turbine in operation provided encouraging results.

scholarly journals U.S. Navy On-Line Compressor Washing of Marine Gas Turbine Engines

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Maintenance Practice ◽  
On Line ◽  
Compressor Efficiency

Compressor waterwashing is a necessary maintenance practice to maintain compressor efficiency for all types of gas turbine engines. This paper discusses U.S. Navy involvement with prototype on-line compressor cleaning systems on marine gas turbine engines. These engines include the General Electric LM2500, the Garrett 831-800, and the Allison 501-K17.

Thermo Mechanical Fatigue Testing of GTD 111 Superalloy for Use in Gas Turbine Blades

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijesh Patel ◽  
Kalpit P. Kaurase ◽  
Anil M. Bisen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
Mechanical Fatigue

Design of Turbo machinery is complex and efficiency is directly related to material performance, material selection is of prime importance. Temperature limitations are the most crucial limiting factors to gas turbine efficiencies. This paper presents the life of GTD 111 applied to gas turbine blade based on LCF and TMF test results. The LCF tests were conducted under various strain ranges based on gas turbine operating conditions. In addition, IP (in-phase) and OP (out of-phase) TMF tests were conducted under various strain ranges. The paper will focus light on above issues and each plays an important role within the Gas Turbine Material literature and ultimately influences on planning and development practices. It is expected that this comprehensive contribution will be very beneficial to everyone involved or interested in Gas Turbines.

Computation and Monitoring of the Deviations of Gas Turbine Unmeasured Parameters

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Angel Miro Zarate ◽  
Igor Loboda
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Engine Thrust ◽  
Shaft Power ◽  
On Line ◽  
Monitoring And Diagnostics ◽  
Computer Resources

One of the principle purposes of gas turbine diagnostics is the estimation and monitoring of important unmeasured quantities such as engine thrust, shaft power, and engine component efficiencies. There are simple methods that allow computing the unmeasured parameters using measured variables and gas turbine thermodynamics. However, these parameters are not good diagnostic indices because they strongly depend on engine operating conditions but in a less degree are influenced by engine degradation and faults. In the case of measured gas path variables, deviations between measurements and an engine steady state baseline were found to be good indicators of engine health. In this paper, the deviation computation and monitoring are extended to the unmeasured parameters. To verify this idea, the deviations of compressor and turbine efficiencies as well as a high pressure turbine inlet temperature are examined. Deviation computations were performed at steady states for both baseline and faulty engine conditions using a nonlinear thermodynamic model and real data. These computational experiments validate the utility of the deviations of unmeasured variables for gas turbine monitoring and diagnostics. The thermodynamic model is used in this paper only to generate data, and the proposed algorithm for computing the deviations of unmeasured parameter can be considered to be a data-driven technique. This is why the algorithm is not affected by inaccuracies of a physics-based model, is not exigent to computer resources, and can be used in on-line monitoring systems.

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