scholarly journals 5 MW Closed Cycle Gas Turbine

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Mason ◽  
Anthony Pietsch ◽  
Theodore R. Wilson ◽  
Allen D. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor

A novel closed-cycle gas turbine power system is now under development by the GWF Power Systems Company for cogeneration applications. Nominally the system produces 5 megawatts (MW) of electric power and 80,000 lb/hr (36,287 kg/hr) of 1000 psig (6895 kPa) steam. The heat source is an atmospheric fluidized bed combustor (AFBC) capable of using low-cost solid fuels while meeting applicable emission standards. A simple, low-pressure ratio, single spool, turbomachine is utilized. This paper describes the system and related performance, as well as the development and test efforts now being conducted. The initial commercial application of the system will be for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) of the heavy crudes produced in California.

Proe 90™ Recuperator for Microturbine Applications

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Proeschel
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Distributed Power ◽  
Parametric Data

Microturbines are becoming increasingly important in the distributed power generation market. These machines are typically low pressure ratio gas turbines that require a recuperator to achieve the high, 30% or more, efficiency needed to compete in this market. However, the additional efficiency gained by a recuperator can easily be offset by its high initial cost. In response to this challenge, Proe Power Systems has developed, and has a U.S. patent pending on, the Proe 90™ gas turbine recuperator. The principal feature of the Proe 90™ recuperator is that it allows a high performance (high temperature, high effectiveness, low pressure drop) gas turbine recuperator to be manufactured by simply welding, brazing, or otherwise joining standard commercial tubing without the need for special tooling or manufacturing processes. The objective in developing the Proe 90™ recuperator was to provide a recuperator for gas turbine and related applications that can attain a minimum of 90% effectiveness with reasonable size and minimal cost. It meets those objectives by: having linear, counterflow, annular flow paths that avoid any thermal “short circuits”; by having sufficient margin to accommodate potential exhaust gas fouling of the low pressure flow passages; by having all surfaces either curved or stayed by flow tubes so that they can be made from commercially available tube and sheet stock while maintaining high margins of strength and creep resistance; and by avoiding thermal gradient stresses by having all non-isothermal portions of the recuperator able to freely expand and contract. The simple manufacturing process, design modeling techniques and predicted performance of the Proe 90™ recuperator are presented. Effects of tube length, diameter, and numbers of tubes on effectiveness and pressure losses are quantified. Additional parametric data show the effectiveness losses caused by axial conduction, flow misdistribution, manufacturing tolerances, and insulation losses. The Proe 90™ recuperator is ideally suited for microturbine distributed power applications in the 20–50 kW range. With properly sized tubes, the flow regime is laminar and results in a very small pressure loss while still producing very high heat exchanger effectiveness in a low cost, compact package.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Helium Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine for UAV Propulsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Osigwe ◽  
Arnold Gad-Briggs ◽  
Theoklis Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Turbine Design

When selecting a design for an unmanned aerial vehicle, the choice of the propulsion system is vital in terms of mission requirements, sustainability, usability, noise, controllability, reliability and technology readiness level (TRL). This study analyses the various propulsion systems used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), paying particular focus on the closed-cycle propulsion systems. The study also investigates the feasibility of using helium closed-cycle gas turbines for UAV propulsion, highlighting the merits and demerits of helium closed-cycle gas turbines. Some of the advantages mentioned include high payload, low noise and high altitude mission ability; while the major drawbacks include a heat sink, nuclear hazard radiation and the shield weight. A preliminary assessment of the cycle showed that a pressure ratio of 4, turbine entry temperature (TET) of 800 °C and mass flow of 50 kg/s could be used to achieve a lightweight helium closed-cycle gas turbine design for UAV mission considering component design constraints.

scholarly journals Industrial Gas Turbine Uprates: Tips, Tricks and Traps

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Ragland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

After industrial gas turbines have been in production for some amount of time, there is often an opportunity to improve or “uprate” the engine’s output power or cycle efficiency or both. In most cases, the manufacturer would like to provide these uprates without compromising the proven reliability and durability of the product. Further, the manufacturer would like the development of this “Uprate” to be low cost, low risk and result in an improvement in “customer value” over that of the original design. This paper describes several options available for enhancing the performance of an existing industrial gas turbine engine and discusses the implications for each option. Advantages and disadvantages of each option are given along with considerations that should be taken into account in selecting one option over another. Specific options discussed include dimensional scaling, improving component efficiencies, increasing massflow, compressor zero staging, increasing firing temperature (thermal uprate), adding a recuperator, increasing cycle pressure ratio, and converting to a single shaft design. The implications on output power, cycle efficiency, off-design performance engine life or time between overhaul (TBO), engine cost, development time and cost, auxiliary requirements and product support issues are discussed. Several examples are provided where these options have been successfully implemented in industrial gas turbine engines.

State-of-the-Art Review of Closed Cycle Gas Turbines Burning Dirty Fuels

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Provenzale
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Critical Components

The Closed Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) offers potential savings in operating costs due to high system efficiency and the ability to direct fire coal. However, for the full potential of CCGT to be realized, more competitive cost information must be generated, correlated, and compared with conventional steam power systems. Current development programs are intended to resolve many of the remaining uncertainties in design, performance, and cost by detailed examination and testing of critical components of CCGT coal-fired power systems. This paper reviews current technology developments and economic considerations of the closed cycle gas turbine burning dirty fuels versus conventional steam power systems.

The Nuclear Gas Turbine: Towards Realization After Half a Century of Evolution

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Furnace Gases ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Space Power Systems

This paper has been written exactly 50 years after the first disclosure of a closed-cycle gas turbine concept with a simplistic uranium heater. Clearly, this plant was ahead of its time in terms of technology readiness, and the closed-cycle gas turbine was initially deployed in a cogeneration mode burning dirty fuels (e.g., coal, furnace gases). In the 1950s through the mid 1980s about 20 of these plants operated providing electrical power and district heating for European cities. The basic concept of a nuclear gas turbine plant was demonstrated in the USA on a small scale in 1961 with a mobile closed-cycle nitrogen gas turbine [330 KW(e)] coupled with a nuclear reactor. In the last three decades, closed-cycle gas turbine research and development, particularly in the U.S. has focused on space power systems, but today the utility size gas turbine-modular helium reactor (GT-MHR) is on the verge of being realized. The theme of this paper traces the half century of closed-cycle gas turbine evolution, and discusses the recent enabling technologies (e.g., magnetic bearings, compact recuperator) that now make the GT-MHR close to realization. The author would like to dedicate this paper to the late Professor Curt Keller who in 1935 filed the first closed-cycle gas turbine patent in Switzerland, and who exactly 50 years ago, first described a power plant involving the coupling of a helium gas turbine with a uranium heater.

Applying Combined Pinch and Exergy Analysis to Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine System Design

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Dhole ◽  
J. P. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Pinch Technology

Pinch technology has developed into a powerful tool for thermodynamic analysis of chemical processes and associated utilities, resulting in significant energy savings. Conventional pinch analysis identifies the most economical energy consumption in terms of heat loads and provides practical design guidelines to achieve this. However, in analyzing systems involving heat and power, for example, steam and gas turbines, etc., pure heat load analysis is insufficient. Exergy analysis, on the other hand, provides a tool for heat and power analysis, although at times it does not provide clear practical design guidelines. An appropriate combination of pinch and exergy analysis can provide practical methodology for the analysis of heat and power systems. The methodology has been successfully applied to refrigeration systems. This paper introduces the application of a combined pinch and exergy approach to commercial power plants with a demonstration example of a closed-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) system. Efficiency improvement of about 0.82 percent (50.2 to 51.02 percent) can be obtained by application of the new approach. More importantly, the approach can be used as an analysis and screening tool for the various design improvements and is generally applicable to any commercial power generation facility.

scholarly journals 100s and 1000s Mw Open and Semi-Closed Cycle Gas Turbines for Base and Peak Operation

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Uvarov ◽  
V. S. Beknev ◽  
E. A. Manushin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Unit Capacity ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Different Levels

There are two different approaches to develop the gas turbines for power. One can get some megawatts by simple cycle or by more complex cycle units. Both units require very different levels of turbine inlet temperature and pressure ratio for the same unit capacity. Both approaches are discussed. These two approaches lead to different size and efficiencies of gas turbine units for power. Some features of the designing problems of such units are discussed.

scholarly journals Development of a Ceramic Heat Exchanger for a Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine Engine

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Heat Exchanger Design ◽  
Ceramic Components

This paper describes the development of a silicon carbide heat exchanger for the CCPS-40-1 closed-cycle gas turbine engine. This effort was part of a program to explore the use of closed-cycle power systems for utilities. The program consists of heat exchanger design, the development of a design approach for large ceramic components, the establishment of a material data base, and the development of the required fabrication technology. Small-scale ceramic heat exchangers were operated at material temperatures up to 2300 F.

scholarly journals A Prototype Replacement of a 100,000 Hours Operation, 25,000 KW Gas Turbine at Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Furukawazono ◽  
H. Ishino ◽  
T. Kamata ◽  
M. Kunihiro ◽  
M. Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Heavy Distillate ◽  
Final Shutdown ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Base Load

In September 1988, a Hitachi-GE model PG5341 gas turbine installed at the Tokuyama refinery of Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. (Japan) successfully recorded 100,325 hours of base load operation over a period of 13 years with 99.4% reliability. The generated power totalled 1,341,770 MWh at the time of final shutdown. The gas turbine, burning Bunker A oil, LPG, and heavy distillate oil, had been the main equipment in a cogeneration plant with a simple heat recovery steam generator using waste heat from the exhaust gas, plus a refired boiler. It was expected that several costly hot gas path components of this turbine would have to be replaced in the near future, and it was not as fuel efficient as more modern designs, so it was decided to replace the PG5341 with a Hitachi H-25 gas turbine. This new model H-25 is designed to have a rated output of 26,200kW and an efficiency of 32.3% (LHV) at the generator terminals under ISO conditions. By the use of a pressure ratio of 14.7 (up from 10.1) and a combustor outlet gas temperature of 1,260°C (up from 980°C), it is expected that efficiency of gas turbine will be improved relatively by 18.7% on a design basis, compared with the PG5341. A factory full-load test of the prototype H-25 gas turbine was completed in August 1988 with excellent results. This machine has been in place and in operation at the Tokuyama plant since the end of November 1988. This is the first commercial application of the Hitachi H-25 advanced gas turbine.

scholarly journals Alternative Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine System Design Considerations for Ship Propulsion Applications

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Kuo ◽  
H. T. Shu
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
System Design ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Ship Propulsion ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Optimal System Design ◽  
Selection Of

This paper discusses the major system design alternatives considered in a comprehensive system study of closed-cycle gas turbine propulsion systems for advanced ship propulsion applications. The general requirements and constraints applicable to propulsion engines for advanced ships were reviewed, and major design variances from the traditional land-based closed-cycle gas turbine power systems were identified. The potential impact of these system requirements and design variances will have on the selection of thermodynamic and mechanical design alternatives applicable to the power conversion system were evaluated, and some trade-off considerations, including the domain of optimal system design, are discussed.

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