Evolution and Introduction of the Mars T-14,000 Gas Turbine

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Waldhelm
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Drive Power ◽  
Gas Compression ◽  
Mars Model ◽  
Component Development ◽  
Extended Field ◽  
Engine Testing

Solar’s Mars Model T-14,000 gas turbine was developed and introduced as a 10.5-MW (14,100-hp), 33.5% thermal efficiency, industrial second-generation, simple-cycle gas turbine for mechanical-drive, power generation, and gas compression applications. Options include multi-fuel and rating capability with low emissions. Component development, rig and instrumented engine testing, and extended field evaluations evolved prior to market release in 1991.

The Ruston Tornado: A 6 MW Gas Turbine for Industrial Application

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Field Service ◽  
Gas Compression ◽  
Component Development ◽  
Open Cycle ◽  
Power Generation Systems

The paper describes the program to design and develop an efficient 6-MW simple open cycle gas turbine for service in gas compression, mechanical drive applications and power generation systems. The design philosophy of the package, a detailed description of the gas turbine, the component development programs together with their test results are presented. Plans for the introduction of the turbine package into field service in 1981 are outlined.

Evolution and Experience of the Mars 100LS Gas Turbine

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm D. Jones ◽  
Greg P. Pytanowski ◽  
Doyle L. Files ◽  
Jay M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Gas Compression ◽  
Power Turbine ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Continuous Product

Solar’s Mares 100LS industrial gas turbine rated at 11.2 MW (15,000 hp) and 34% thermal efficiency at ISO conditions is the latest model Mars gas turbine evolved from an ongoing program of planned continuous product improvement. Since the Mars gas turbine was introduced in 1978, over 250 units have been ordered and approximately 4 million hours of field experience have been logged with packages designed for gas compression, pump drive, and electrical power generation. This paper updates the description of the Mars gas turbine to include the three latest enhancements: redesign of the first two compressor stages for increased output power and efficiency; SoLoNOx (dry low NOx, antipollution) combustion system: and a new low speed power turbine to improve output drive versatility.

Proposal of Innovative Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Power Generation System

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideto Moritsuka
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Power Generation System

In order to estimate the possibility to improve thermal efficiency of power generation use gas turbine combined cycle power generation system, benefits of employing the advanced gas turbine technologies proposed here have been made clear based on the recently developed 1500C-class steam cooling gas turbine and 1300C-class reheat cycle gas turbine combined cycle power generation systems. In addition, methane reforming cooling method and NO reducing catalytic reheater are proposed. Based on these findings, the Maximized efficiency Optimized Reheat cycle Innovative Gas Turbine Combined cycle (MORITC) Power Generation System with the most effective combination of advanced technologies and the new devices have been proposed. In case of the proposed reheat cycle gas turbine with pressure ratio being 55, the high pressure turbine inlet temperature being 1700C, the low pressure turbine inlet temperature being 800C, combined with the ultra super critical pressure, double reheat type heat recovery Rankine cycle, the thermal efficiency of combined cycle are expected approximately 66.7% (LHV, generator end).

Advanced Gas Turbine and High Performance Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Plant With Blade Cooling Air Controlling

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Cooling Air

Air cooling blades are usually applied to gas turbines as a basic specification. This blade cooling air is almost 20% of compressor suction air and it means that a great deal of compression load is not converted effectively to turbine power generation. This paper proposes the CCM (Cascade Cooling Module) system of turbine blade air line and the consequent improvement of power generation, which is achieved by the reduction of cooling air consumption with effective use of recovered heat. With this technology, current gas turbines (TIT: turbine inlet temperature: 1350°C) can be up-rated to have a relative high efficiency increase. The increase ratio has a potential to be equivalent to that of 1500°C Class GT/CC against 1350°C Class. The CCM system is designed to enable the reduction of blade cooling air consumption by the low air temperature of 15°C instead of the usual 200–400°C. It causes the turbine operating air to increase at the constant suction air condition, which results in the enhancement of power and thermal efficiency. The CCM is installed in the cooling air line and is composed of three stage coolers: steam generator/fuel preheater stage, heat exchanger stage for hot water supplying and cooler stage with chilled water. The coolant (chilled water) for downstream cooler is produced by an absorption refrigerator operated by the hot water of the upstream heat exchanger. The proposed CCM system requires the modification of cooling air flow network in the gas turbine but produces the direct effect on performance enhancement. When the CCM system is applied to a 700MW Class CC (Combined Cycle) plant (GT TIT: 135°C Class), it is expected that there will be a 40–80MW increase in power and +2–5% relative increase in thermal efficiency.

scholarly journals Status of the AGT 100 Advanced Gas Turbine Program

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance E. Groseclose ◽  
Richard A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Mechanical Loss ◽  
Component Development ◽  
Processing Component ◽  
Engine Testing

Recent activities on the AGT 100 Advanced Gas Turbine Program have included engine testing, aerodynamic component development, and ceramic material and component development. Engine testing has progressed in total hours and hours per build, without a major failure. A special mechanical loss test was conducted. Aerodynamic component activity has included the compressor, combustor and regenerator. Ceramic development was continued in areas of basic materials, processing, component fabrication and evaluation, and engine testing.

The LM6000 Gas Turbine as a Mechanical Drive Power Source

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Casper ◽  
R. B. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Drive Power ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Breakaway Torque ◽  
Turbine Speed ◽  
Suitable Power

The LM6000 Gas Turbine was formally introduced at the IGTI Gas Turbine Conference in Brussels in 1990. It was immediately accepted for power generation/cogeneration applications; however, inquiries were received concerning the use of the LM6000 gas turbine for mechanical drive applications. These inquiries included the amount of power available with decreasing gas turbine speed, breakaway torque capability and resonant free operation over a broad speed range. This paper discusses the engineering studies performed to ensure that the LM6000 will be a suitable power source for mechanical drive applications in the 30–40 MW power range.

Gas Turbine With Constant Volume Heat Addition

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gu¨len
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Heat Addition ◽  
Volume Heat

Increasing the thermal efficiency of fossil fuel fired power plants in general and the gas turbine power plant in particular is of extreme importance. In the face of diminishing natural resources and increasing carbon emissions that lead to a heightened greenhouse effect and greater concerns over global warming, thermal efficiency is more critical today than ever before. In the science of thermodynamics, the best yardstick for a power generation system’s performance is the Carnot efficiency — the ultimate efficiency limit, set by the second law, which can be achieved only by a perfect heat engine operating in a cycle. As a fact of nature this upper theoretical limit is out of reach, thus engineers usually set their eyes on more realistic goals. For the longest time, the key performance benchmark of a combined cycle (CC) power plant has been the 60% net electric efficiency. Land-based gas turbines based on the classic Brayton cycle with constant pressure heat addition represent the pinnacle of fossil fuel burning power generation engineering. Advances in the last few decades, mainly driven by the increase in cycle maximum temperatures, which in turn are made possible by technology breakthroughs in hot gas path materials, coating and cooling technologies, pushed the power plant efficiencies to nearly 40% in simple cycle and nearly 60% in combined cycle configurations. To surpass the limitations imposed by available materials and other design considerations and to facilitate a significant improvement in the thermal efficiency of advanced Brayton cycle gas turbine power plants necessitate a rethinking of the basic thermodynamic cycle. The current paper highlights the key thermodynamic considerations that make the constant volume heat addition a viable candidate in this respect. First using fundamental air-standard cycle formulas and then more realistic but simple models, potential efficiency improvement in simple and combined cycle configurations is investigated. Existing and past research activities are summarized to illustrate the technologies that can transform the basic thermodynamics into a reality via mechanically and economically feasible products.

Cycle Optimization and High Performance Analysis of Gas Engine-Gas Turbine Combined Cycles

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Compound System ◽  
Generation Efficiency ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Exhaust Temperature

The reciprocating engine operates with a maximum pressure and temperature in its cylinders that is higher than that in conventional gas turbines. When a gas engine is integrated with a gas turbine instead of a turbocharger, it is an ETCS (Engine-Turbo Compound System). We have developed the concept of a compound system with ERGT (Engine Reheat Gas Turbine) and propose it as a system with potentially high thermal efficiency. A natural gas firing gas turbine combined cycle (CC) is selected as the standard system for a thermal power plant. A higher TIT (Turbine Inlet Temperature) of gas turbine usually enables higher power generation efficiency. Focusing on the effect of engine exhaust temperature, we found that the ETCS cycle with a ERGT has the potential to achieve higher thermal efficiency than that of a gas turbine combined cycle, with no change in TIT. An engine exhaust temperature of 1173K increases the system power generation efficiency from 46 to 50%LHV (TIT 1150°C) and 54 to 57%LHV (TIT 1350°C), respectively. The gas engine–gas turbine combined cycle has the potential to achieve a significant efficiency increase of +4.1%LHV (TIT 1150°C) and +2.8%LHV (TIT 1350°C), making it a promising system for future power plants. Efficiency is expected to be improved by +8.7% (TIT 1150°C) and +5.6% (TIT 1350°C), relatively.

Model-Based Thermodynamic Analysis of a Hydrogen-Fired Gas Turbine with External Exhaust Gas Recirculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bexten ◽  
Sophia Jörg ◽  
Nils Petersen ◽  
Manfred Wirsum ◽  
Pei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Renewable Power Generation

Abstract Climate science shows that the limitation of global warming requires a rapid transition towards net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) on a global scale. Expanding renewable power generation is seen as an imperative measure within this transition. To compensate for the inherent volatility of renewable power generation, flexible and dispatchable power generation technologies such as gas turbines are required. If operated with CO2-neutral hydrogen or in combination with carbon capture plants, a GHG-neutral gas turbine operation could be achieved. An effective leverage to enhance carbon capture efficiency and a possible measure to safely burn hydrogen in gas turbines is the partial external recirculation of exhaust gas. By means of a model-based analysis of a gas turbine, the present study initially assesses the thermodynamic impact caused by a fuel switch from natural gas to hydrogen. Although positive trends such as increasing net electrical power output and thermal efficiency can be observed, the overall effect on the gas turbine process is only minor. In a following step, the partial external recirculation of exhaust gas is evaluated and compared both for the combustion of natural gas and hydrogen, regardless of potential combustor design challenges. The influence of altering working fluid properties throughout the whole gas turbine process is thermodynamically evaluated for ambient temperature recirculation and recirculation at an elevated temperature. A reduction in thermal efficiency can be observed as well as non-negligible changes of relevant process variables. These changes are more distinctive at a higher recirculation temperature

The Prospects of the Steam Cycle in the Central Power Station

1948 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Methods Of Calculation ◽  
To Come ◽  
Methods Of Operation

The advent of the gas turbine and its effect on the position of the steam turbine for the central power station is briefly discussed. In the opinion of the author the steam turbine will hold the field for large power generation for many years to come, and there is no immediate prospect of any other form of prime mover becoming a serious competitor for the generation of electricity in the central power station. Data are given indicating the gain in thermal efficiency that can be expected from increased steam conditions up to 2,000 lb. per sq. in., and 1,000 deg. F. with and without reheating. The advantages of reheating as a means of obtaining higher efficiency are strongly emphasized. Methods of operation to enable quick starting are discussed. Some of the principal constructional problems created by high steam conditions are briefly discussed and methods of overcoming the difficulties are indicated. The essence of the paper is to examine, in as simple a manner as possible, the means available for improving the efficiency of the central power station; and in an effort to achieve this, detailed methods of calculation are not included, as it is considered they would detract from a clear appreciation of the results. The minimum of assumptions have been made, so that the curves represent a true picture of the actual gains that could be obtained in practice.

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