A Small Gas Turbine Plant for Cogeneration of Electricity, Thermal and Cooling Thermal Energy With an Absorption Unit

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio De Lucia ◽  
Carlo Lanfranchi ◽  
Antonio Matucci
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Two Stage

A cogeneration plant with a small gas turbine was installed in a pharmaceutical factory and instrumented for acquiring all the values necessary to appraise both its energetic and cost advantages. The plant was designed and built as a demonstrative project under a program for energy use improvement in industry, partially financed by the European Union. The system comprises as its main components: 1) a gas turbine cogeneration plant for production of power and thermal energy under the form of hot water, superheated water, and steam; 2) a two-stage absorption unit, fueled by the steam produced in the cogeneration plant, for production of cooling thermal energy. The plant was provided with an automatized control system for the acquisition of plant operating parameters. The large amount of data thus provided made it possible to compare the new plant, under actual operating conditions, with the previously existing cooling power station with compression units, and with a traditional power plant. This comparative analysis was based on measurements of the plant operating parameters over nine months, and made it possible to compare actual plant performance with that expected and ISO values. The analysis results reveal that gas turbine performance is greatly affected by part-load as well as ambient temperature conditions. Two-stage absorber performance, moreover, turned out to decrease sharply and more than expected in off-design operating conditions.

scholarly journals Calculation algorithm for operating parameters of steam-compressive chilling machine with adsorptive chillling unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
E.A. Belyanovskaya ◽  
◽  
G.M. Pustovoy ◽  
A.I. Sklyarenko ◽  
M.P. Sukhyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Adsorption Refrigeration ◽  
Refrigeration Unit

The work is focused on the development of an effective algorithm for calculating the operational characteristics of a steamcompressive chilling machine with an adsorptive chilling unit, which involves a cold box, an adsorber, an evaporator and a condenser, water being used as a refrigerant. An algorithm for calculating the operating parameters of the adsorptive chilling unit has been developed, which includes the determination of the cooling capacity of the steam compressor refrigeration unit, the heat load on the condenser, the power consumed by the compressor, the coefficient of performance of the steam compressor refrigeration unit, as well as the calculation of the mass of water, the mass of the adsorbent, the refrigerating capacity, the coefficient of performance of the adsorptive chilling unit and the coefficient of useful energy utilization of a steam compressive chilling machine with an adsorption chilling unit. The chilling capacity and the coefficient of performance of the adsorption chilling unit are estimated under the operating conditions of a typical steam compression chilling machine. The crucial factors affecting the efficiency of the adsorptive chilling unit are analyzed. It has been established that the chilling capacity, the coefficient of performance of the adsorption refrigeration module and the energy efficiency of the installation are determined by the thermal load on the condenser, and, therefore, by the mass of water that is desorbed and evaporated. The coefficient of performance of the adsorption chilling unit and the efficiency of the steam compressor chilling machine with the adsorptive chilling unit are estimated to be 0.878 and 4.64. The criteria for the selection of adsorbents for the adsorption module are analyzed. The temperature of regeneration is determined by the temperatures in the condenser, and the limit adsorption affects the mass of the adsorbent and the size of the adsorber. A comparison of the efficiency of adsorptive chi l l ing uni t based on silicoaluminophosphates and composite adsorbents «silica gel – sodium acetate» is carried out. The prospects of using composites «silica gel – СН3СООNa» are shown. The optimal composition of the composite was established, which corresponds to the minimal size of the adsorber, (80% sodium acetate and 20% silica gel). The prospects of using adsorptive conversion of thermal energy for utilization of low-potential thermal energy during the operation of steam compressive chilling machine are shown. Keywords: adsorptive conversion of heat energy, composite adsorbent, steam compressive chilling unit, adsorption, adsorptive capacity.

Springs® Design Optimized By Seawater Quality. Laboratory Pilot Tests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pedenaud ◽  
Marianna Rondon ◽  
Nicolas Lesage ◽  
Eric Tournis ◽  
Riccardo Giolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Seawater Quality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A new seawater laboratory pilot has been installed in order to evaluate the impact of the seawater quality on the performance of nanofiltration membranes and filters. The test program implemented was designed to produce the data required to optimize the design and operating parameters of a subsea sulfate removal plant, particularly with respect to the technology developed by Total, Saipem and Veolia, co-owners of the development. The equipment qualification plan is approaching completion with the development of subsea barrier-fluidless pumps, all-electric control systems, high-cycling valves operated by electric actuators and subsea water analyzers. This presented pilot laboratory study completes this plan. Nanofiltration membranes are commonly used to remove the sulfates found in seawater before the water is injected into wells. The principal advantages of relocating this equipment from topside to subsea are better reservoir sweep control, a substantial subsea water injection network reduction and savings on space and weight on the topsides deck. The move to subsea offers the opportunity to simplify the process due to improved deep water quality. This was previously demonstrated through a subsea test campaign. This new pilot study provides data both on the performance of a plant operating with different feed water quality and on the success of operating changes to further optimize the plant performance. The pilot has been installed at the Palavas-les-Flots site in France. Raw water collected from the basin was mixed with ultra-filtered water in order to calibrate the feed water quality. The pilot includes a two stage nanofiltration configuration and single stage nanofiltration unit. The two stage configuration was used to produce data for operation across an array of feed water quality and plant operating conditions. The single stage unit was used to produce data on membrane fouling over a long operating duration. Results from these tests and discussion on how this data relates to subsea plant performance shall be presented. This innovative approach enables a wide range of subsea water quality to be simulated and tested against different process configurations of the subsea unit. Indeed, for each industrial subsea application, the raw seawater quality is dependent on both the region and the depth of the seawater inlet. With this experimental data acquisition campaign and understanding of the seawater quality at inlet, the system design can be tailor-made for each future application case.

User Experience With P&W FT8 and GE Frame 6 Cogeneration Power Plants

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Holzschuh ◽  
Miroslav Kovacik
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Independent Unit ◽  
Steam Boilers

In 1996, Cogeneration-Kraftwerke Management Steiermark (CMST), OMV Cogeneration, together with local partners, built a 25Mwel gas turbine plant with a hot water boiler for thermal energy to be used by a car manufacturer and the municipality Graz, Austria. The plant is driven by a FT8-30 (JT8D-219) Pratt & Whitney (P&W) jet engine, accumulating 8200 operating hours per annum. This paper outlines the technical experience and related problems with the existing equipment in the light of variable operating conditions and the investments for efficiency augmentation of the gas turbine trains. A joint-venture between Cogeneration Kraftwerke Management Obero¨sterreich GmbH (CMOO¨) and OMV Cogeneration GmbH as well as Energie AG. CMOO¨ has operated the Combined Heat Power CHP Plant (50 MW el) in the paper mill SCA GRAPHIC LAAKIRCHEN based on contracting since 1994. Because of a extension of the paper mill the energy supply had to be increased. So the delivery of two steam boilers with each 30 t steam per hour and water treatment took place in August 2001. The plant-extension will operate as an independent unit and will guarantee the full availability of the energy supply. Commercial operation will start in January 2002.

Thermoeconomic Cost Analysis of Central Solar Heating Plants Combined With Seasonal Storage

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Lozano ◽  
Antonio Anastasia ◽  
Luis M. Serra ◽  
Vittorio Verda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Internal Flows

The European Union and its Member States have committed themselves to achieving a 20% share of renewable energy by 2020. If the focus remains solely on solar thermal systems for domestic hot water (DHW) preparation, as in Spain, then the solar contribution will be very limited. Central Solar Heating Plants combined with Seasonal Storage (CSHPSS) systems enable high solar fractions of 50% and more. Most CSHPSS demonstration plants in Europe have been built in Central and North Europe, mainly in Denmark, Germany and Sweden. South Europe has little experience. This article presents a thermoeconomic cost analysis of CSHPSS systems. The objective of thermoeconomics is to explain the cost formation process of internal flows and products of energy systems. The costs obtained with thermoeconomics can be used to optimize the design of new plants and to control the production of existing plants. A simulation study on solar assisted district heating systems with high solar fractions and seasonal thermal energy storage was carried out with TRNSYS taking into consideration the meteorological conditions in Zaragoza (Spain). A CSHPSS plant was designed for a district of 500 dwellings with an annual thermal energy demand of 2,905 MWh/year. The process of cost formation has been analyzed considering the very specific features of the CSHPSS designed system: free solar energy, seasonal and DHW thermal energy storage, continuous variation of the operation due to highly variations of solar radiation and energy demands (hourly and seasonal). These features impose important difficulties in the calculation of the costs of internal flows and products in this type of systems.

Development of a Liquid-Fueled, Lean-Premixed Gas Turbine Combustor

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Cowell ◽  
K. O. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Lean Premixed ◽  
Annular Combustor ◽  
Injector Design

Development of a lean-premixed, liquid-fueled combustor is in progress to achieve ultra-low NOx emissions at typical gas turbine operating conditions. A filming fuel injector design was tested on a bench scale can combustor to evaluate critical design and operating parameters for low-emissions performance. Testing was completed using No. 2 diesel. Key design variables tested include premixing length, swirler angle, injector centerbody diameter, and reduced liner cooling. NOx emissions below 12 ppmv at 9 bar pressure were measured. Corresponding CO levels were 50 ppmv. An optimized injector design was fabricated for testing in a three injector sector of an annular combustor. Operating parameters and test results are discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals The Effect of Thermal Matching on the Thermodynamic Performance of Gas Turbine and IC Engine Cogeneration Systems

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Baughn ◽  
N. Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Thermal Output ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Cogeneration System

Computer models have been used to analyze the thermodynamic performance of a gas turbine (GT) cogeneration system and an internal combustion engine (IC) cogeneration system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of thermal matching of the load (i.e., required thermal energy) and the output steam fraction (fraction of the thermal output, steam and hot water, which is steam) on the thermodynamic performance of typical cogeneration systems at both full and partial output. The thermodynamic parameters considered were; the net heat rate (NHR), the power to heat ratio (PHR), and the fuel savings rate (FSR). With direct use (the steam fractions being different); the NHR of these two systems is similar at full output, the NHR of the IC systems is lower at partial output, and the PHR and the FSR of the GT systems is lower than the IC systems over the full range of operating conditions. With thermal matching (to produce a given steam fraction) the most favorable NHR, PHR, and FSR depends on the method of matching the load to the thermal output.

scholarly journals Energy Performance Optimization in a Condensing Boiler

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Diego Fernández-Cheliz ◽  
Eloy Velasco-Gómez ◽  
Juan Peral-Andrés ◽  
Ana Tejero-González
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Lower Heating Value

In Europe, primary energy consumption in buildings accounts for up to 25–40%, depending on the climate conditions. Space heating and Domestic Hot Water (DHW) contribute significantly to this energy consumption. Among the most common sources for heat generation in these appliances is natural gas. Condensing boilers can surpass the 100% energy performance over the lower heating value, if the operating conditions enable the water vapor in the exhaust gases to condensate. Consequently, optimizing the operating parameters of condensing boilers is necessary to decrease fuel consumption without hindering water heating needs. The present work presents an experimental approach to the operating parameters of a condensing boiler that works with natural gas. The aim is to develop a theoretical model that relates the energy performance to the water temperature set by the final user and the excess air set by the maintenance staff.

Using Machine Learning to Increase Model Performance for a Gas Turbine System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Hipple ◽  
Zachary T. Reinhart ◽  
Harry Bonilla-Alvarado ◽  
Paolo Pezzini ◽  
Kenneth Mark Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Critical Components

Abstract With increasing regulation and the push for clean energy, the operation of power plants is becoming increasingly complex. This complexity combined with the need to optimize performance at base load and off-design condition means that predicting power plant performance with computational modeling is more important than ever. However, traditional modeling approaches such as physics-based models do not capture the true performance of power plant critical components. The complexity of factors such as coupling, noise, and off-design operating conditions makes the performance prediction of critical components such as turbomachinery difficult to model. In a complex system, such as a gas turbine power plant, this creates significant disparities between models and actual system performance that limits the detection of abnormal operations. This study compares machine learning tools to predict gas turbine performance over traditional physics-based models. A long short-term memory (LSTM) model, a form of a recurrent neural network, was trained using operational datasets from a 100 kW recuperated gas turbine power system designed for hybrid configuration. The LSTM turbine model was trained to predict shaft speed, outlet pressure, and outlet temperature. The performance of both the machine learning model and a physics-based model were compared against experimental data of the gas turbine system. Results show that the machine learning model has significant advantages in prediction accuracy and precision compared to a traditional physics-based model when fed facility data as an input. This advantage of predicting performance by machine learning models can be used to detect abnormal operations.

Low Salinity Hot Water Injection With Addition of Nanoparticles for Enhancing Heavy Oil Recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Ding ◽  
Sixu Zheng ◽  
Xiaoyan Meng ◽  
Daoyong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Wettability Alteration ◽  
Heavy Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Saturation ◽  
Low Salinity

In this study, a novel technique of low salinity hot water (LSHW) injection with addition of nanoparticles has been developed to examine the synergistic effects of thermal energy, low salinity water (LSW) flooding, and nanoparticles for enhancing heavy oil recovery, while optimizing the operating parameters for such a hybrid enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method. Experimentally, one-dimensional displacement experiments under different temperatures (17 °C, 45 °C, and 70 °C) and pressures (about 2000–4700 kPa) have been performed, while two types of nanoparticles (i.e., SiO2 and Al2O3) are, respectively, examined as the additive in the LSW. The performance of LSW injection with and without nanoparticles at various temperatures is evaluated, allowing optimization of the timing to initiate LSW injection. The corresponding initial oil saturation, production rate, water cut, ultimate oil recovery, and residual oil saturation profile after each flooding process are continuously monitored and measured under various operating conditions. Compared to conventional water injection, the LSW injection is found to effectively improve heavy oil recovery by 2.4–7.2% as an EOR technique in the presence of nanoparticles. Also, the addition of nanoparticles into the LSHW can promote synergistic effect of thermal energy, wettability alteration, and reduction of interfacial tension (IFT), which improves displacement efficiency and thus enhances oil recovery. It has been experimentally demonstrated that such LSHW injection with the addition of nanoparticles can be optimized to greatly improve oil recovery up to 40.2% in heavy oil reservoirs with low energy consumption. Theoretically, numerical simulation for the different flooding scenarios has been performed to capture the underlying recovery mechanisms by history matching the experimental measurements. It is observed from the tuned relative permeability curves that both LSW and the addition of nanoparticles in LSW are capable of altering the sand surface to more water wet, which confirms wettability alteration as an important EOR mechanism for the application of LSW and nanoparticles in heavy oil recovery in addition to IFT reduction.

Modelling and Validation of a Hybrid Trigeneration/Photovoltaic System Installed in a Shopping Mall Complex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo López Vega ◽  
Gregory J. Kowalski ◽  
Carlos Rubio-Maya ◽  
J. Jesús Pacheco Ibarra
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Second Law ◽  
National Council ◽  
Effective Manner

Shopping malls require large amount of electrical and thermal energy to provide quality services and maintain customer’s comfort. Conventionally, electrical energy for direct use and operation of HVAC systems is supplied directly from the electrical grid and is produced in remote power plants that burns fossil fuels. Thermal energy for hot water or heating supply is usually produced by boilers that use LP gas or fuel oil. Given these conditions, cogeneration and trigeneration systems supported by renewable sources of energy are ideal schemes to meet energy needing in a more efficient and cost-effective manner. For this reason, a hybrid trigeneration/photovoltaic system has been installed to cover approximately 50% of the electrical and thermal demands of a shopping mall complex, located in Morelia (MichoacÁn, Mexico). The trigeneration plant consists of a microturbine with an electric power output of 65 kW, three absorption chillers with an output of 5 RT each and a photovoltaic system of 30 kW of electrical power, composed of 108 photovoltaic modules of 280 W each. The Incentive Program for Technology Innovation of the National Council of Science and Technology has funded and sponsored the project and it is to demonstrate on-site feasibility under the Mexican energy context. The installation will generate information on the global and specific operation of the components. In this paper, the development and validation of thermodynamic models to analyze and simulate the individual and integral operation of the hybrid trigeneration/photovoltaic system components is presented. These models based on the First and Second law will allow an integral simulation of the plant to determine the most appropriate operating conditions. The First and Second law efficiencies as well as the exergy destruction in each component is reported. The models have been developed from data provided by manufacturers and the application of mass, energy and exergy balances. The validation of models has been carried out using experimental data acquired directly from the components of the plant and other measurement instruments that have been used for this purpose. The results of the models have been compared with experimental data and have showed satisfactory agreement, with an average difference of 2.92%.

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