Design System for Composite Transmission Error Prediction for Automatic Transmissions

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Gudal ◽  
Yong Pan ◽  
Shuh-Yuan Liou ◽  
V. Sundararajan ◽  
Daniel Antonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Error ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Design System ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Automatic Transmissions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Noise in vehicular automatic transmissions is a complex phenomenon involving several interacting factors. One of the contributing factors to noise for a single pair of meshing gears has been shown to be the transmission error. The transmission error (TE) is defined in terms of deviation of the speed ratio from the ideal speed ratio. It has since been hypothesized that the composite transmission error in a planetary system would be the key contributor to noise in automatic transmissions. This composite error would have to include the contributions from individual meshes and account for the configuration of the transmission system. This paper describes a design system that enables engineers to predict and study effects of parameter variation on the composite transmission error. The designer first specifies the configuration of the transmission using canonical graphs. The graph contains the elements such as gears, clutches and brakes of the transmission system as its nodes and the relationship among them for the edges. The design system uses the graph to solve for the speeds and torques. The transmission errors for the individual meshes are computed and then combined into the composite transmission error using a simple average.

On the Correlation Between Dynamic Transmission Error and Dynamic Tooth Loads in Three-Dimensional Gear Systems

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Sainte-Marie ◽  
Philippe Velex ◽  
Guillaume Roulois ◽  
Franck Marrot
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Linear Dependency ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
The Relationship

A three-dimensional dynamic model is presented to simulate the dynamic behavior of single stage gears by using a combination of classic shaft, lumped parameter and specific 2-node gear elements. The mesh excitation formulation is based on transmission errors whose mathematical grounding is briefly described. The validity of the proposed methodology is assessed by comparison with experimental evidence from a test rig. The model is then employed to analyze the relationship between dynamic transmission errors and dynamic tooth loads or root stresses. It is shown that a linear dependency can be observed between the time variations of dynamic transmission error and tooth loading as long as the system can be assimilated to a torsional system but that this linear relationship tends to disappear when the influence of bending cannot be neglected.

Transmission Error in Synchronous Belt With Resonance Under Installation Tension

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kagotani ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Error ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
Concave Shape ◽  
Mode Vibration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Good Agreement

Synchronous belt drives generate resonance on the belt spans between the driving and driven pulleys when the transverse natural frequency of the belt, matches the meshing frequency of the belt tooth and the pulley tooth. The resonance of the belt spans affects the accuracy of rotation transmission. In the present study, the mechanisms generating the transmission error in synchronous belt drives under installation tension and a pulley speed ratio of 1:1 are investigated theoretically and experimentally for the case in which the belt spans generate first mode vibration due to resonance. In addition, the change in the shaft load caused by resonance is examined. The calculated and experimental transmission errors show good agreement, and so the validity of our analysis is confirmed. Transmission error is generated by the difference in displacement between the upper and lower belt spans due to the convex or concave shape, the difference in the amount of belt climbing at the beginning and end of meshing, and the generation of torque due to the moment of inertia on the driven side. The transmission error has a period of 1/2 of one pitch of the pulley, and the generated change in the shaft load, which is the sum of the displacement due to the convex or concave shape of the upper and lower spans and the sum of the belt climbing at the beginning and end of meshing, has a period of one pitch of the pulley.

Transmission Error in Synchronous Belt With Resonance Under Installation Tension

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kagotani ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Error ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
String Vibration ◽  
Mode Vibration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Good Agreement

Synchronous belt drives are widely employed to transmit rotation accurately. The belt spans between the driving and driven pulleys generate resonance when the transverse natural frequency of the belt, as in string vibration, matches the meshing frequency of the belt tooth and the pulley tooth. The resonance of the belt spans affects the behavior of the transmission error. In the present study, the mechanisms generating the transmission error in synchronous belt drives under installation tension and a pulley speed ratio of 1:1 are investigated theoretically and experimentally for the case in which the belt spans generate first mode vibration due to resonance. The calculated and experimental transmission errors show good agreement, and so the validity of our analysis is confirmed. The transmission error has a period of 1/2 of one pitch of the pulley, and is generated by the difference in displacement between the upper and lower belt spans, the difference in the amount of belt climbing at the beginning and end of meshing, and the generation of torque due to the moment of inertia on the driven side.

A Study on the Correlation Between Dynamic Transmission Error and Dynamic Tooth Loads in Spur and Helical Gears

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sainte-Marie ◽  
P. Velex ◽  
G. Roulois ◽  
J. Caillet
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Linear Dependency ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Excitation Model ◽  
The Relationship

A three-dimensional (3D) dynamic gear model is presented which combines classic shaft, lumped parameter, and specific two-node gear elements. The mesh excitation model is based on transmission errors (TEs), and its mathematical grounding is briefly described. The validity of the proposed methodology is assessed for both spur and helical gears by comparison with experimental evidence. The model is then employed to analyze the relationship between dynamic transmission errors (DTE) and dynamic tooth loads (DF) or root stresses. It is shown that a linear dependency can be found as long as the system behavior is dominated by shaft torsion but that this linear relationship tends to disappear when bending cannot be neglected.

Model-based transmission acoustic analysis and improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. 1572-1584
Author(s):  
Zhan Cao ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Libin Zang
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Excitation Source ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Assembly Area ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
Bearing Assembly ◽  
The Relationship

A model-based transmission acoustic performance has been studied. Both excitation source and structure-borne noise transfer are investigated. For excitation source, transmission error is the main cause. To reduce transmission error, the most effective method is gear micro-geometry modification. However, there is no direct mathematical model that could reveal the relationship between transmission error and gear micro-geometry parameters, especially in the context of transmission system with shafts, bearings and housings included. By using multiple variable linear regression method, the relationship between transmission error and gear micro-geometry parameters is connected. The optimised transmission error decreases from 9.34 to 5.65 μm at a typical working condition. For structure-borne noise transfer, the housing modal and transmission system modal have been analysed. Based on the simulation results, housing thickness around bearing assembly area is increased, and strengthen ribs are added at weak areas. As a result, the amplitude of housing vibration acceleration is reduced. Finally, the transmission noise sound pressure level at 0.3-m distance has decreased by 4.63 dB on average. The presented model-based transmission acoustic analysis work flow is demonstrated workable and effective.

An Experimental Investigation of the Static Transmission Error and Torsional Mesh Stiffness of Nylon Gears

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Wen Chi ◽  
Ian Howard ◽  
Jian De Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Static Transmission Error ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This paper details an investigation of the relationship between the static individual torsional mesh stiffness and the static transmission error of gears in mesh. The investigations of the individual torsional mesh stiffness are one of the fundamental concepts in gear analysis and behaviour that have been used in recent years for predicting transmission error. The research work for this paper has two main parts. The first part involved measuring the static transmission error of gears through a series of experiments. An existing test rig was used for the experimental investigation where a nylon gear was placed in mesh with a fixed aluminium gear under various torques. Measurements of the rotation of the nylon gear at precise angular positions throughout the mesh cycle were used as a basis for determining the torsional mesh stiffness and the static transmission error. The second part involved the use of numerical analysis tools (FEA) to calculate the theoretical static transmission error and the individual torsional mesh stiffness in the same conditions as the experiments. The validity of the theory of individual torsional mesh stiffness was investigated, through a comparison between the experimental results and the FEA modelling results. The work included experiments, finite element analysis modelling, and statistical data analysis. The final results of this paper showed that individual torsional mesh stiffness theory can effectively predict transmission error in gear transmission systems, however some improvements need to be made to both the theory and the experiments.

scholarly journals Simulation of Automated Machine Tool Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 04023
Author(s):  
Elena Dumler ◽  
Roza Vakhitova ◽  
Diana Saracheva ◽  
Tatyana Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Design System ◽  
Real Relationship ◽  
Machine System ◽  
Product Manufacturing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Transport Device

A method of multi-nomenclature production in terms of technical and economic indicators was considered. An integrated design system that is able to assess the real relationship in the system “partmachine-transport device-device-tool” was proposed, and arelationship between the elements of an automated machine tool system was examined. The structure of an automated machine tool system, proposed in the form of a mixed graph, represented by sets described by nonlinear equations, was considered. The definitions of the sets of elements for an automated machine tool system that characterize the properties of technological objects were formulated. The main objects of design in the technological project of an automated machine system of multi-nomenclature production were determined and a graphical interpretation of the automated machine tool system was presented. It was revealed that technological equipment, the main technological machines, cutting and auxiliary tools and vehicles adequately describe manufacturing process for group of parts and are the main objects of designing technological projects for an automated machine system of multi-product manufacturing. The relationships between the elements indicated in the graph allow us to formalize and to establish the relationship between the individual components of an automated machine system, indicating in this way the need to develop a formal methodology for synthesizing the structure of an automated machine system.

Effect of Teeth Friction on Transmission Errors and Tooth Load of Spur Gears

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Il Park
Keyword(s):  
Friction Force ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Sliding Mechanism ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship

Transmission error is typically understood to act as the primary source of gearbox noise and vibration. This paper investigates the effect of sliding friction on the transmission error and tooth load of spur gears. To do so, the kinematic relation for the sliding mechanism of spur gears and mesh stiffness was calculated. The relationship between tooth load, tooth errors and mesh compliance as well as the moment balance equation in consideration of the teeth friction force are derived. Transmission error, tooth load, and the teeth friction force of gears with/without modification were investigated. As the results, friction caused an increase in tooth load and transmission error in gear approach and a decrease in tooth load and transmission error in gear recess.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

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