An Experimental Investigation of the Static Transmission Error and Torsional Mesh Stiffness of Nylon Gears

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Wen Chi ◽  
Ian Howard ◽  
Jian De Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Static Transmission Error ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This paper details an investigation of the relationship between the static individual torsional mesh stiffness and the static transmission error of gears in mesh. The investigations of the individual torsional mesh stiffness are one of the fundamental concepts in gear analysis and behaviour that have been used in recent years for predicting transmission error. The research work for this paper has two main parts. The first part involved measuring the static transmission error of gears through a series of experiments. An existing test rig was used for the experimental investigation where a nylon gear was placed in mesh with a fixed aluminium gear under various torques. Measurements of the rotation of the nylon gear at precise angular positions throughout the mesh cycle were used as a basis for determining the torsional mesh stiffness and the static transmission error. The second part involved the use of numerical analysis tools (FEA) to calculate the theoretical static transmission error and the individual torsional mesh stiffness in the same conditions as the experiments. The validity of the theory of individual torsional mesh stiffness was investigated, through a comparison between the experimental results and the FEA modelling results. The work included experiments, finite element analysis modelling, and statistical data analysis. The final results of this paper showed that individual torsional mesh stiffness theory can effectively predict transmission error in gear transmission systems, however some improvements need to be made to both the theory and the experiments.

The Static Transmission Error of Cracked Spur Gear Teeth Using FEA

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seney Sirichai ◽  
Ian Howard ◽  
Laurie Morgan ◽  
Kian Teh
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Angular Rotation ◽  
Simple Strategy ◽  
Static Transmission Error ◽  
The Individual

Abstract This paper considers a Finite Element Model which is used to predict the torsional mesh stiffness and static transmission error of a pair of spur gears in mesh. The model involves the use of 2D plain strain elements, coupled with contact elements at the points of contact between the meshing teeth. A simple strategy of how to determine an appropriate value of the penalty parameter of the contact elements (gap element) is also presented. When gears are unloaded, a pinion and gear with perfect involute profiles, should theoretically run with zero transmission error. However, when gears with involute profiles are loaded, the individual torsional mesh stiffness of each gear changes throughout the mesh cycle, causing variations in angular rotation of the gear body and subsequent transmission error. The theoretical changes in the torsional mesh stiffness throughout the mesh cycle are developed using finite element analysis and related to the static transmission error. A 5mm through thickness tooth crack is also modelled, and the comparison of the torsional mesh stiffness and static transmission error with and without the tooth crack is discussed.

Low excitation spur gears with variable tip diameter

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. 1275-1285
Author(s):  
Joshua Götz ◽  
Sebastian Sepp ◽  
Michael Otto ◽  
Karsten Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Error ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Drive Trains ◽  
Static Transmission Error

One important source of noise in drive trains are transmissions. In numerous applications, it is necessary to use helical instead of spur gear stages due to increased noise requirements. Besides a superior excitation behaviour, helical gears also show additional disadvantageous effects (e.g. axial forces and tilting moments), which have to be taken into account in the design process. Thus, a low noise spur gear stage could simplify design and meet the requirements of modern mechanical drive trains. The authors explore the possibility of combining the low noise properties of helical gears with the advantageous mechanical properties of spur gears by using spur gears with variable tip diameter along the tooth width. This allows the adjustment of the total length of active lines of action at the beginning and end of contact and acts as a mesh stiffness modification. For this reason, several spur gear designs are experimentally investigated and compared with regard to their excitation behaviour. The experiments are performed on a back-to-back test rig and include quasi-static transmission error measurements under load as well as dynamic torsional vibration measurements. The results show a significant improvement of the excitation behaviour for spur gears with variable tip diameter.

scholarly journals Geometry Modification of Helical Gear for Reduction of Static Transmission Error

2018 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Jeonghyun Park ◽  
Changjun Seo ◽  
Kwangsuck Boo ◽  
Heungseob Kim
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Error ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Profile Modification ◽  
Gear Mesh ◽  
Static Transmission Error ◽  
Excitation Mechanisms ◽  
Gear Systems ◽  
Gear Mesh Stiffness

Gear systems are extensively employed in mechanical systems since they allow the transfer of power with a variety of gear ratios. So gears cause the inherent deflections and deformations due to the high pressure which occurs between the meshing teeth when transmit power and results in the transmission error. It is usually assumed that the transmission error and variation of the gear mesh stiffness are the dominant excitation mechanisms. Predicting the static transmission error is a necessary condition to reduce noise radiated from the gear systems. This paper aims to investigate the effect of tooth profile modifications on the transmission error of helical gear. The contact stress analysis was implemented for different roll positions to find out the most critical roll angle in view point of root flank stress. The PPTE (peak-to-peak of transmission error) is estimated at the roll angles by different loading conditions with two dimensional FEM. The optimal profile modification from the root to the tip is proposed.

Numerical and experimental investigation of a spur gear pair with unloaded static transmission error

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncai Lei ◽  
Xiannian Kong ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Jinyuan Tang ◽  
Zehua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Error ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Gear Transmission ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Order Harmonic ◽  
Static Transmission Error ◽  
Harmonic Components

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic responses of a spur gear pair with unloaded static transmission error (STE) excitation numerically and experimentally and the influences of the system factors including mesh stiffness, error excitation and torque on the dynamic transmission error (DTE). Design/methodology/approach A simple lumped parameters dynamic model of a gear pair considering time-varying mesh stiffness, backlash and unloaded STE excitation is developed. The STE is calculated from the measured tooth profile deviation under the unloaded condition. A four-square gear test rig is designed to measure and analyze the DTE and vibration responses of the gear pair. The dynamic responses of the gear transmission are studied numerically and experimentally. Findings The predicted numerical DTE matches well with the experimental results. When the real unloaded STE excitation without any approximation is used, the dynamic response is dominated by the mesh frequency and its high order harmonic components, which may not be result caused by the assembling error. The sub-harmonic and super-harmonic resonant behaviors are excited because of the high order harmonic components of STE. It will not certainly prevent the separations of mesh teeth when the gear pair is under the condition of high speed and heavy load. Originality/value This study helps to improve the modeling method of the dynamic analysis of spur gear transmission and provide some reference for the understanding of the influence of mesh stiffness, STE excitation and system torque on the vibration behaviors.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Administrative Creativity in Universities

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Ibtisam Khalid Yahia Salama
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Effective Factor ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The organizational culture is a critical and coral factor in achieving the dimensions of the administrative creativity. It can be said that the improvement of the practice of organizational culture contributes as an effective factor in the level of administrative creativity in all its dimensions. The organizational culture plays a major role in all levels and activities within the administrative system. It contributes in the creation of the convenient organizational climate, which in turn works on improving and developing the performance in a convenient and efficient manner. It also helps in achieving the individual, collective and organizational objectives that is highlighted through embodiment, development of the modern values, orientations, behavior and standards which work on growth and development of job performance (Alkurdi, 2010). This paper will try to build a theoretical background on the organizational culture and administrative creativity in Saudi Arabia education socity. The main objective is to show the significance of organizational culture and administrative creativity and also the relationship between organizational culture and administrative creativity in universities. This research work showed how the organizational culture is important to the education filed in Saudi Arabia. It contributes in assisting the individual in problem solving and decision making. It helps to make a decisive decision in a relatively record time, and enable to discover problems in order to solve them.

scholarly journals Stress Analysis and Design Validation of Chute using DEM Software

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Sadige Akhil Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Material ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Screw Conveyor ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Individual Record ◽  
The Individual

The discrete element method (DEM) is attracting growing attention for the simulation of industrial Bulk solid flow; much of the earlier DEM modelling has considered two-dimensional (2D) flows and used circular particles. The DEM maintains the individual record (velocities, forces, etc.) of particles in flow and stress on equipment. This will enable the designer to know the problems in the design. Transfer chute is used in many industries to facilitate bulk material from one conveyor belt to another or for guide flow from a delivery point (feeder, screw conveyor) into a process or equipment (centrifuge, screener, etc.). Although the transfer chute itself may appear to be a low-cost part of the equipment train, it can easily become costly in maintenance due to plugging, abrasive wear, segregation, etc. The objective of this study is to analyse the stress distribution in a transfer chute when it is in use and to validate design is free from plugging. The modelling was done using the CREO PARAMETRIC software as per Industry standards. The Chute was modelled and simulated using the ROCKY DEM software. In the present research work, a discrete element analysis procedure is used in the ROCKY DEM simulation to predict the level of stress and velocities of particles.

Design System for Composite Transmission Error Prediction for Automatic Transmissions

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Gudal ◽  
Yong Pan ◽  
Shuh-Yuan Liou ◽  
V. Sundararajan ◽  
Daniel Antonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Error ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Design System ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Automatic Transmissions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Noise in vehicular automatic transmissions is a complex phenomenon involving several interacting factors. One of the contributing factors to noise for a single pair of meshing gears has been shown to be the transmission error. The transmission error (TE) is defined in terms of deviation of the speed ratio from the ideal speed ratio. It has since been hypothesized that the composite transmission error in a planetary system would be the key contributor to noise in automatic transmissions. This composite error would have to include the contributions from individual meshes and account for the configuration of the transmission system. This paper describes a design system that enables engineers to predict and study effects of parameter variation on the composite transmission error. The designer first specifies the configuration of the transmission using canonical graphs. The graph contains the elements such as gears, clutches and brakes of the transmission system as its nodes and the relationship among them for the edges. The design system uses the graph to solve for the speeds and torques. The transmission errors for the individual meshes are computed and then combined into the composite transmission error using a simple average.

Dynamics of a Truck Gearbox

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Perret-Liaudet ◽  
J. Sabot
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Gear Transmission ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Gear Mesh ◽  
Static Transmission Error ◽  
Gear Mesh Stiffness

Abstract This work is concerned with numerous numerical simulations of the overall dynamic behaviour of a parallel helical gear transmission. These results are compared to vibratory measurements made with a simplified gearbox test rig. The dynamic modeling of the elastic components of the gear transmission (gears, shafts, bearings, housing) is realized using the finite element method. Fluctuated gear mesh stiffness is introduced owing to stiffness matrix which describes the elastic coupling between the pinion and the wheel. The kinematic transmission error is introduced as a vibratory excitation source. The equations of motion are established in a truncated modal base deduced from the average characteristics of the structure. A new computing method, called “Spectral Method”, is used for analytical study of a simplified gearbox whose housing is a simple rectangular plate. The numerical results allows us to conclude on the dominent phenomenon of the overall dynamic behaviour of the gear transmission. They exhibit in particular the main characteristics of the transfer between the static transmission error and the vibratory response of the gearbox. A series of vibration measurements made on a gearbox close to that used for the numerical simulations, has confirmed this characteristics.

scholarly journals Commentary on effects of tip relief on vibration responses of a geared rotor system

2014 ◽  
Vol 231 (11) ◽  
pp. 2159-2169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ma ◽  
Xu Pang ◽  
Qibin Wang ◽  
Rongze Song ◽  
Bangchun Wen
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Coupling Vibration ◽  
Profile Modification ◽  
Torsional Coupling ◽  
Vibration Responses ◽  
Static Transmission Error

The purpose of the present work is to revise the model of Ma et al. ( Proc IMechE, Part C: J Mechanical Engineering Science 2014; 228(7): 1132–1154 ). In that work, emphasis is given to the effects of tip relief on the lateral-torsional coupling vibration responses of the system, in which the time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) is calculated without considering the extension of the meshing period of a teeth pair due to dynamic overloads. Moreover, the dynamic model of the geared rotor system does not take into account no-loaded static transmission error (NLSTE) caused by tooth profile modification. In the present paper, the effect of the extended tooth contact on TVMS is considered and the dynamic model of the geared rotor system is revised by introducing the NLSTE. Based on the revised model, TVMS, loaded static transmission error (LSTE), NLSTE, and vibration responses are determined. Finally, comparisons of TVMS, LSTE, and vibration responses between the original model and the revised model are performed. The results show that there are some differences for the vibration responses between the original model and the revised model, and the vibration amplitude of the latter is smaller than that of the former. Furthermore, the conclusion in the original paper that the tip relief is not effective in reducing the vibration at higher mesh frequency range is not consistent with the results in current work any more.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document