A Formal Representation of Software-Hardware System Design

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Walkingshaw ◽  
Paul Strauss ◽  
Martin Erwig ◽  
Jonathan Mueller ◽  
Irem Tumer
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Hardware System ◽  
Level Model ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Design

The design of hardware-software systems is a complex and difficult task exacerbated by the very different tools used by designers in each field. Even in small projects, tracking the impact, motivation and context of individual design decisions between designers and over time quickly becomes intractable. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we present a general, low-level model of the system design process. We formally define the concept of a design decision, and provide a hierarchical representation of both the design space and the context in which decisions are made. This model can serve as a foundation for software-hardware system design tools which will help designers cooperate more efficiently and effectively. We provide a high-level example of the use of such a system in a design problem provided through collaboration with NASA.

scholarly journals On methods and tools for rigorous system design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Bliudze ◽  
Panagiotis Katsaros ◽  
Saddek Bensalem ◽  
Martin Wirsing
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Level Model ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Way

AbstractFull a posteriori verification of the correctness of modern software systems is practically infeasible due to the sheer complexity resulting from their intrinsic concurrent nature. An alternative approach consists of ensuring correctness by construction. We discuss the Rigorous System Design (RSD) approach, which relies on a sequence of semantics-preserving transformations to obtain an implementation of the system from a high-level model while preserving all the properties established along the way. In particular, we highlight some of the key requirements for the feasibility of such an approach, namely availability of (1) methods and tools for the design of correct-by-construction high-level models and (2) definition and proof of the validity of suitable domain-specific abstractions. We summarise the results of the extended versions of seven papers selected among those presented at the $$1\mathrm {st}$$ 1 st and the $$2\mathrm {nd}$$ 2 nd  International Workshops on Methods and Tools for Rigorous System Design (MeTRiD 2018–2019), indicating how they contribute to the advancement of the RSD approach.

scholarly journals Quantitative Set-Based Design to Inform Design Teams

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Eric Specking ◽  
Nicholas Shallcross ◽  
Gregory S. Parnell ◽  
Edward Pohl
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Engineering Technique ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Set Based Design ◽  
Tradespace Exploration

System designers, analysts, and engineers use various techniques to develop complex systems. A traditional design approach, point-based design (PBD), uses system decomposition and modeling, simulation, optimization, and analysis to find and compare discrete design alternatives. Set-based design (SBD) is a concurrent engineering technique that compares a large number of design alternatives grouped into sets. The existing SBD literature discusses the qualitative team-based characteristics of SBD, but lacks insights into how to quantitatively perform SBD in a team environment. This paper proposes a qualitative SBD conceptual framework for system design, proposes a team-based, quantitative SBD approach for early system design and analysis, and uses an unmanned aerial vehicle case study with an integrated model-based engineering framework to demonstrate the potential benefits of SBD. We found that quantitative SBD tradespace exploration can identify potential designs, assess design feasibility, inform system requirement analysis, and evaluate feasible designs. Additionally, SBD helps designers and analysts assess design decisions by providing an understanding of how each design decision affects the feasible design space. We conclude that SBD provides a more holistic tradespace exploration process since it provides an integrated examination of system requirements and design decisions.

Designing for adaptability: The Gateshead Civic Centre

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ladinski
Keyword(s):  
Design Decision ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Early Design ◽  
The Future ◽  
Borough Council ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of early design decisions made in the 1980s upon the future adaptability of the Gateshead Civic Centre building and the implementation of a workspace strategy in the 2010s, and how they have supported the efficiencies achieved through the increase in office workspace numbers, and the associated advantages of accommodating more employees within the Civic Centre. Design/methodology/approach Available documents related to the original development of the Gateshead Civic Centre and the 2010s workspace-related adaptations were examined to establish potential links between the two, and compare the findings with designing for adaptability-related research. Findings The results show that the early design decisions made in the 1980s have contributed to the future adaptability of the building and thus facilitated the implementation of a workspace strategy within Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council in the 2010s. In addition, they have supported the achievement of other efficiencies through the increase in office workspace numbers and location of more employees within the Civic Centre. The findings can guide future trends within the Council, as well as inform organisations on the potential benefits of designing for adaptability. Originality/value The study provides a prospective consideration of how an early design decision influenced the long-term adaptability of the building.

Agent Support for Design Manufacturability

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna N. Jha ◽  
Gary Coen ◽  
Andrea Morris ◽  
Ed Mytych ◽  
Judith Spering
Keyword(s):  
Formal Representation ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Process Plan ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
High Level ◽  
Legacy Applications ◽  
Process Coordination ◽  
Task Structures

Abstract Designing manufacturable aircraft parts requires satisfying extensive manufacturability constraints early in the design phase, and to quickly propagate the design decisions to the multiple distributed design groups. We have built a multi-agent-based system to provide the desired manufacturability-constraints checking early in the design-process, coordination among the design and analysis groups, the legacy applications, and other resources during the preliminary design (PD) process. A variety of agents are used to model the various design and analysis functionalities. The agent-representation includes a formal representation of the task-structures. One of the agents generates a prototype process plan for the design, and checks the process plan against a repository of processing standards for the manufacturability of the design. A web-based user-interface provides high-level interface to the users. The agents collaborate to produce manufacturable designs.

Automated driving on public roads: Experiences in real traffic

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Pink ◽  
Jan Becker ◽  
Sören Kammel
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Robust Implementation ◽  
Technical Realization ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Highly Automated Driving ◽  
Country Specific

AbstractAutomated driving on public roads is affected by many foreseeable and unforeseeable driving situations. Depending on the driving task, the environmental and road conditions, and the behavior of other drivers, different actions have to be taken. This paper provides a high-level overview of the development of highly automated driving systems and illustrates challenging situations and use cases. We outlined the impact of these use cases on system design, key technologies, and their technical realization for a highly automated driving system. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates how certain aspects of the system design as well as their implementation are country specific and how continuous testing is required for robust implementation of the functionalities.

ПРАГМАТИЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ НАТИВНОЇ РЕКЛАМИ: ФОРМИ, ТРЕНДИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ НАТИВНОГО КОНТЕНТУ В СОЦІАЛЬНІЙ МЕРЕЖІ FACEBOOK ЩОДО БРЕНДА ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ ЖУРНАЛІСТИКИ ЗНУ)

2020 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
V. Kovpak ◽  
N. Trotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
The Social ◽  
National University ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

<div><p><em>The article analyzes the peculiarities of the format of native advertising in the media space, its pragmatic potential (in particular, on the example of native content in the social network Facebook by the brand of the journalism department of ZNU), highlights the types and trends of native advertising. The following research methods were used to achieve the purpose of intelligence: descriptive (content content, including various examples), comparative (content presentation options) and typological (types, trends of native advertising, in particular, cross-media as an opportunity to submit content in different formats (video, audio, photos, text, infographics, etc.)), content analysis method using Internet services (using Popsters service). And the native code for analytics was the page of the journalism department of Zaporizhzhya National University on the social network Facebook. After all, the brand of the journalism department of Zaporozhye National University in 2019 celebrates its 15th anniversary. The brand vector is its value component and professional training with balanced distribution of theoretical and practical blocks (seven practices), student-centered (democratic interaction and high-level teacher-student dialogue) and integration into Ukrainian and world educational process (participation in grant programs).</em></p></div><p><em>And advertising on social networks is also a kind of native content, which does not appear in special blocks, and is organically inscribed on one page or another and unobtrusively offers, just remembering the product as if «to the word». Popsters service functionality, which evaluates an account (or linked accounts of one person) for 35 parameters, but the main three areas: reach or influence, or how many users evaluate, comment on the recording; true reach – the number of people affected; network score – an assessment of the audience’s response to the impact, or how far the network information diverges (how many share information on this page).</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> nativeness, native advertising, branded content, special project, communication strategy.</em></p>

THE IMPACT OF UKRAINE'S EXCISE DUTY POLICY ON THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF THE TOBACCO MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Nadiia NOVYTSKA ◽  
◽  
Inna KHLIEBNIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transformation Processes

The market of tobacco products in Ukraine is one of the most dynamic and competitive. It develops under the influence of certain factors that cause structural changes, therefore, the aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of transformation processes in the market of tobacco and their alternatives in Ukraine and identify the factors that cause them. The high level of tax burden and the proliferation of alternative products with a potentially lower risk to human health, including heating tobacco products and e-cigarettes, are key factors in the market’s transformation process. Their presence leads to an increase in illicit turnover of tobacco products, which accounts for 6.37% of the market, and the gradual replacement of cigarettes with alternative products, which account for 12.95%. The presence on the market of products that are not taxed or taxed at lower rates is one of the reasons for the reduction of excise duty revenues. According to the results of 2019, the planned indicators of revenues were not met by 23.5%. Other reasons for non-fulfillment of excise duty revenues include: declining dynamics of the tobacco products market; reduction in the number of smokers; reorientation of «cheap whites» cigarette flows from Ukraine to neighboring countries; tax avoidance. Prospects for further research are identified, namely the need to develop measures for state regulation and optimization of excise duty taxation of tobacco products and their alternatives, taking into account the risks to public health and increasing demand of illegal products.

Modeling and design of role engineering in development of access control for dynamic information systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Poniszewska-Marańda
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Distributed Information ◽  
Heterogeneous Information ◽  
System Protection ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Model Independent ◽  
Role Concept ◽  
High Level

Abstract Nowadays, the growth and complexity of functionalities of current information systems, especially dynamic, distributed and heterogeneous information systems, makes the design and creation of such systems a difficult task and at the same time, strategic for businesses. A very important stage of data protection in an information system is the creation of a high level model, independent of the software, satisfying the needs of system protection and security. The process of role engineering, i.e. the identification of roles and setting up in an organization is a complex task. The paper presents the modeling and design stages in the process of role engineering in the aspect of security schema development for information systems, in particular for dynamic, distributed information systems, based on the role concept and the usage concept. Such a schema is created first of all during the design phase of a system. Two actors should cooperate with each other in this creation process, the application developer and the security administrator, to determine the minimal set of user’s roles in agreement with the security constraints that guarantee the global security coherence of the system.

Role of Credit Rating in determining Capital structure: Evidence from Non-Financial sector of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Ali ◽  
Imran Yousaf ◽  
Muhammad Naveed
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Capital Structure

This paper aims to examine the impact of external credit ratings on the financial decisions of the firms in Pakistan.  This study uses the annual data of 70 non-financial firms for the period 2012-2018. It uses ordinary least square (OLS) to estimate the impact of credit rating on capital structure. The results show that rated firm has a high level of leverage. Moreover, Profitability and tanagability are also found to be a significantly negative determinant of the capital structure, whereas, size of the firm has a significant positive relationship with the capital structure of the firm.  Besides, there exists a non-linear relationship between the credit rating and the capital structure. The rated firms have higher leverage as compared to the non-rated firms. The high and low rated firms have a low level of leverage, while mid rated firms have a higher leverage ratio. The finding of the study have practical implications for the manager; they can have easier access to the financial market by just having a credit rating no matter high or low. Policymakers must stress upon the rating agencies to keep improving themselves as their rating severs as the measure to judge the creditworthiness of the firm by both the investors and management as well.

IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS ROLE IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
Victor A. Ognev ◽  
Anna A. Podpriadova ◽  
Anna V. Lisova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
The Impact

Introduction:The high level of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease is largely due toinsufficient influence on the main risk factors that contribute to the development of myocardial infarction.Therefore, a detailed study and assessment of risk factors is among the most important problems of medical and social importance. The aim: To study and evaluate the impact of biological, social and hygienic, social and economic, psychological, natural and climatic risk factors on the development of myocardial infarction. Materials and methods: A sociological survey was conducted in 500 people aged 34 to 85. They were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 310 patients with myocardial infarction. The control group consisted of 190 practically healthy people, identical by age, gender and other parameters, without diseases of the cardiovascular system. Results: It was defined that 30 factors have a significant impact on the development of myocardial infarction.Data analysis revealed that the leading risk factors for myocardial infarction were biological and socio-hygienic. The main biological factors were: hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The man socio-hygienic factor was smoking. Conclusions: Identification of risk factors provides new opportunities for the development of more effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction.

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