Experimental Analysis of Blade-Casing Contacts in a Centrifugal Compressor: Vibration and Thermal Aspects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Guérin ◽  
Claude Gibert ◽  
Fabrice Thouverez ◽  
Patricio Almeida
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Laser Doppler Vibrometer ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Material Transfer ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Post Trial ◽  
Thermal Phenomena

Abstract Due to an increasing need for efficiency of turboengines, rotor–stator clearances are being lowered. Therefore, new designs show higher probability for contacts between rotors and casings. When contacts occur, high dynamic excitation levels as well as high temperatures due to dissipative mechanical phenomena may be expected. While numerical investigations have been proposed in the past, experiments are of high interest to fully understand the underlying phenomena behind rotor-stator contact interactions. In order to assess this situation, and based on former work performed by part of the authors, a rotor–stator contact rig has been used to investigate the mechanical and thermal behavior of a centrifugal low-pressure helicopter engine compressor. This rig operates under vacuum conditions to significantly reduce influence of the air surrounding the studied components. A near-zero gap condition is set at rest, then a rotational speed sweep allows to target the specific operating range of interest. Both structures are fitted with strain gauges, and a torquemeter is installed on the shaft to measure resistive phenomena on the bladed disk. A scanning laser Doppler vibrometer is aimed at the casing through a window to provide additional displacement measurements. Temperatures are measured by an array of thermocouples equally spaced around the casing, close to the expected contact area. Also, using temperature-sensitive markings, overall temperature mappings on the impeller are performed. During the tests, multiple contact phases have been identified through increased vibration and temperature levels, as well as torque and rotational speed variations. A comprehensive analysis of the dynamic and thermal phenomena occurring during these experimental tests is proposed in this paper. Dynamic measurements are analyzed in the time and frequency domains, and nodal diameter contents are evaluated as well through full spectrum analyses. As a result, major influences from synchronous excitations in the frequency range of interest but also of higher modal families are highlighted. Post-trial observations indicate severe contact conditions leading to very high temperatures, abradable coating removal and material transfer between blade and casing.

Experimental Analysis of Blade-Casing Contacts in a Centrifugal Compressor: Vibration and Thermal Aspects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Guerin ◽  
Claude Gibert ◽  
Fabrice Thouverez ◽  
Patricio Almeida
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Material Transfer ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Abradable Coating ◽  
Engine Compressor ◽  
Coating Removal ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Post Trial ◽  
Thermal Phenomena

Abstract Due to an increasing need for efficiency of turboengines, rotor--stator clearances are being lowered. Therefore, new designs show higher probability for contacts between rotors and casings. When contacts occur, high dynamic excitation levels as well as high temperatures due to dissipative mechanical phenomena may be expected. While numerical investigations have been proposed in the past, experiments are of high interest to fully understand the underlying phenomena behind rotor-stator contact interactions. In order to assess this situation, and based on former work performed by part of the authors, a rotor--stator contact rig has been used to investigate the mechanical and thermal behavior of a centrifugal low-pressure helicopter engine compressor. This rig operates under vacuum conditions to significantly reduce influence of the air surrounding the studied components. During the tests, multiple contact phases have been identified through increased vibration and temperature levels, as well as torque and rotational speed variations. A comprehensive analysis of the dynamic and thermal phenomena occurring during these experimental tests is proposed in this paper. Dynamic measurements are analyzed in the time and frequency domains, and nodal diameter contents are evaluated as well through full spectrum analyses. As a result, major influences from synchronous excitations in the frequency range of interest but also of higher modal families are highlighted. Post-trial observations indicate severe contact conditions leading to very high temperatures, abradable coating removal and material transfer between blade and casing.

scholarly journals The Influence of Water and Mineral Oil On Volumetric Losses in a Hydraulic Motor

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (s1) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Śliwiński
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Hydraulic Motor ◽  
Small Constant ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lubricating Properties

Abstract In this paper volumetric losses in hydraulic motor supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids having significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and compared. The experimental tests were conducted using an innovative hydraulic satellite motor, that is dedicated to work with different liquids, including water. The sources of leaks in this motor are also characterized and described. On this basis, a mathematical model of volumetric losses and model of effective rotational speed have been developed and presented. The results of calculation of volumetric losses according to the model are compared with the results of experiment. It was found that the difference is not more than 20%. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that this model well describes in both the volumetric losses in the motor supplied with water and oil. Experimental studies have shown that the volumetric losses in the motor supplied with water are even three times greater than the volumetric losses in the motor supplied with oil. It has been shown, that in a small constant stream of water the speed of the motor is reduced even by half in comparison of speed of motor supplied with the same stream of oil.

scholarly journals Molecular genetic analysis of Rts1p, a B' regulatory subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein phosphatase 2A.

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 3242-3253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Shu ◽  
H Yang ◽  
E Hallberg ◽  
R Hallberg
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Protein Phosphatase 2A ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Checkpoint Control ◽  
Phosphatase 2A

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene RTS1 encodes a protein homologous to a variable B-type regulatory subunit of the mammalian heterotrimeric serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). We present evidence showing that Rts1p assembles into similar heterotrimeric complexes in yeast. Strains in which RTS1 has been disrupted are temperature sensitive (ts) for growth, are hypersensitive to ethanol, are unable to grow with glycerol as their only carbon source, and accumulate at nonpermissive temperatures predominantly as large-budded cells with a 2N DNA content and a nondivided nucleus. This cell cycle arrest can be overcome and partial suppression of the ts phenotype of rts1-null cells occurs if the gene CLB2, encoding a Cdc28 kinase-associated B-type cyclin, is expressed on a high-copy-number plasmid. However, CLB2 overexpression has no suppressive effects on other aspects of the rts1-null phenotype. Expression of truncated forms of Rts1p can also partially suppress the ts phenotype and can fully suppress the inability of cells to grow on glycerol and the hypersensitivity of cells to ethanol. By contrast, the truncated forms do not suppress the accumulation of large-budded cells at high temperatures. Coexpression of truncated Rts1p and high levels of Clb2p fully suppresses the ts phenotype, indicating that the inhibition of growth of rts1-null cells at high temperatures is due to both stress-related and cell cycle-related defects. Genetic analyses show that the role played by Rts1p in PP2A regulation is distinctly different from that played by the other known variable B regulatory subunit, Cdc55p, a protein recently implicated in checkpoint control regulation.

scholarly journals TEN1 Is Essential for CDC13-Mediated Telomere Capping

Genetics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Xu ◽  
Ruben C. Petreaca ◽  
Hovik J. Gasparyan ◽  
Stephanie Vu ◽  
Constance I. Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Single Stranded Dna ◽  
Growth Defects ◽  
Telomere Capping ◽  
Telomere Replication ◽  
Essential Function

Telomere binding proteins protect chromosome ends from degradation and mask chromosome termini from checkpoint surveillance. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cdc13 binds single-stranded G-rich telomere repeats, maintaining telomere integrity and length. Two additional proteins, Ten1 and Stn1, interact with Cdc13 but their contributions to telomere integrity are not well defined. Ten1 is known to prevent accumulation of aberrant single-stranded telomere DNA; whether this results from defective end protection or defective telomere replication is unclear. Here we report our analysis of a new group of ten1 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants. At permissive temperatures, ten1-ts strains display greatly elongated telomeres. After shift to nonpermissive conditions, however, ten1-ts mutants accumulate extensive telomeric single-stranded DNA. Cdk1 activity is required to generate these single-stranded regions, and deleting the EXO1 nuclease partially suppresses ten1-ts growth defects. This is similar to cdc13-1 mutants, suggesting ten1-ts strains are defective for end protection. Moreover, like Cdc13, our analysis reveals Ten1 promotes de novo telomere addition. Interestingly, in ten1-ts strains at high temperatures, telomeric single-stranded DNA and Rad52-YFP repair foci are strongly induced despite Cdc13 remaining associated with telomeres, revealing Cdc13 telomere binding is not sufficient for end protection. Finally, unlike cdc13-1 mutants, ten1-ts strains display strong synthetic interactions with mutations in the POLα complex. These results emphasize that Cdc13 relies on Ten1 to execute its essential function, but leave open the possibility that Ten1 has a Cdc13-independent role in DNA replication.

scholarly journals Heat Tolerance of Selected Provenances of Atlantic White Cedar

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura G. Jull ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Atlantic White Cedar ◽  
Temperature Regimes

Seedlings of six provenances of Atlantic white cedar [Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P.] (Escambia Co., Ala., Santa Rosa Co., Fla., Wayne Co., N.C., Burlington Co., N.J., New London Co., Conn., and Barnstable Co., Mass.) were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 12 weeks under 16-hour photoperiods with 16-hour days/8-hour nights of 22/18 °C, 26/22 °C, 30/26 °C, 34/30 °C or 38/34 °C. Considerable variation in height, foliage color, and overall plant size was observed among plants from the various provenances. Seedlings from the two most northern provenances (Massachusetts and Connecticut) were most heat sensitive as indicated by decreasing growth rates at temperature regimes >22/18 °C. In contrast, plants from New Jersey and the three southern provenances (North Carolina, Florida, and Alabama) exhibited greater heat tolerance as indicated by steady or increasing growth rates and greater top and root dry weights as temperature regimes increased above 22/18 °C. Growth rates of seedlings from the four aforementioned provenances decreased rapidly at temperature regimes >30/26 °C suggesting low species tolerance to high temperatures. There were no significant differences in seedling dry matter production among provenances when temperature regimes were ≥34/30 °C. Net shoot photosynthesis and dark respiration of plants did not vary by provenance; however, net photosynthesis was temperature sensitive and decreased at temperature regimes >26/22 °C. Foliar respiration rates increased as temperature increased from 22/18 °C to 26/22 °C, but then remained relatively constant or decreased at higher temperature regimes. Plants at temperatures ≥34/30 °C exhibited severe stunting, chlorosis, and necrosis on branch tips. However, tissue concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn generally increased with temperature regimes >30/26 °C indicating that mineral nutrient concentration was not a limiting factor at high temperatures.

A Review on Effect of Elevate Temperature on Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Steel Fiber, Glass Fiber and Polypropylene Fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Vivek Gupta ◽  
Gokulnath Venkadachalam
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Steel Fibre ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Polypropylene Fibre ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Explosive Spalling ◽  
Fibre Glass

This paper presents an investigation into the efficiency of temperature-sensitive self-compacting concrete. Reviewing on self-compacted concrete, steel fibre, glass fibre, Polypropylene fibre. To this end, adding fibres (steel fibre, glass fibre, Polypropylene) content 1.2% for mixture of concrete material. When the cube samples were 28 days old. They have been heated to high temperatures. Each samples were heated to different temperatures for each concrete mixture (0ºC,100C, 200ºC). Then, Tests for weight loss and compressive strength were performed. The Observations of surface cracks were made after exposure to high temperatures. A significant loss of strength up to 30-40% for all concretes after 300ºC was observed, especially for concrete containing Polypropylene fibre, glass fibre, steel fibre. The fibres reduced the risk of explosive spalling and prevented it. Based on the results of the study, the output of fine aggregate concrete can be inferred.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Partial Demagnetization Process of Magnets in a Line Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5562
Author(s):  
Mariusz Baranski ◽  
Wojciech Szelag ◽  
Wieslaw Lyskawinski
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Synchronous Motor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Thermal Phenomena ◽  
The Impact

The paper justifies the validity of analyzing the impact of temperature and the process of partial demagnetization of magnets on the operating parameters of machines. To analyze this impact, a field model of coupled electromagnetic and thermal phenomena in a permanent magnet synchronous motor was proposed. The non-linearity of the magnetic circuit, the effect of temperature on the magnetic, electrical and thermal properties of the materials as well as the developed method of modeling the process of partial demagnetization of the magnet were taken into account. Based on this model, an algorithm and software were developed to analyze the effect of temperature and the process of partial demagnetization of magnets on the work of the line start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM). The elaborated software was used to study the effect of temperature during the motor starting phase on the magnetization state of the magnets after the start-up process. The calculation results were compared to the results of experimental studies. The experimental tests were carried out on a specially constructed test stand. The results of the research on the process of partial demagnetization of the magnets are presented and the conclusions resulting therefrom formulated.

Discrete Pressure Controls in IC Engine Lubricating Pumps

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Rundo ◽  
Raffaele Squarcini
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Velocity Condition

The paper presents two displacement controls for IC Engine lubricating vane pumps. The main feature is the variable setting of the absolute pressure limiter that can switch from a high to a low level when a minimum threshold value of engine speed or oil temperature is exceeded. This is obtained by venting the displacement actuator of the pump by means of a two positions electrovalve or a temperature sensitive valve. Aim is the reduction of the circuit pressure in the less critical engine operating conditions in order to decrease the absorbed torque. These controls are contrasted with a traditional fixed setting device in terms of overall energy absorbed by the pump in the NEDC cycle. Comparisons are performed with a lumped parameters simulation model able to replicate the operating conditions encountered by the pump during the driving cycle, in terms of oil temperature and circuit permeability. Outcomes from simulation have been validated by experimental tests on pumps prototypes. Tests have been performed on a rig where the load on the pump is generated by a proportional throttle valve controlled in a closed loop in order to reproduce, for each temperature and velocity condition, the resistance of the lubricating circuit. The study brings to evidence that with both systems a significant reduction of the absorbed energy can be achieved in the NEDC without detrimental effects on engine lubrication.

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