Direct Water Injection to Improve Diesel Spray Combustion

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Takasaki ◽  
Tatsuo Takaishi ◽  
Hiroyuki Ishida ◽  
Keijirou Tayama
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Hole ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Direct Water Injection

Now, it is essential to apply some measures for NOx reduction to low-speed diesel engines emitting much more NOx than high-speed engines. At the same time PM emission must be reduced especially when bunker fuel or heavy fuel is burned. This paper describes the applications of SFWI (Stratified Fuel Water Injection) system and DWI (Direct Water Injection) system to large sized diesel engines to reduce NOx and PM emission. SFWI system makes it possible to inject water during fuel injection from the same nozzle hole without mixing the liquids. DWI system injects water with high injection pressure from the other injection hole than the fuel injection hole into the combustion chamber directly. For testing both the systems, a 2-stroke-cycle low-speed test engine was used.

scholarly journals Spray Characteristics at Preheating Temperatur of Diesel-Biodiesel-Gasoline Fuel Blend

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Moch Miftahul Arifin ◽  
Nasrul Ilminnafik ◽  
Muh. Nurkoyim Kustanto ◽  
Agus Triono
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Spray Tip Penetration

Technological developments in diesel engines require improvements to the fuel injection system to meet the criteria for economical, high-power and efficient combustion and meet environmental regulatory standards. One method that has a lot of interest is changing the characteristics of the fuel, with the aim of producing optimal combustion. Spray characteristics have a big role in determining the quality of combustion in diesel engines. A good spray can improve the quality of fuel atomization and the homogeneity of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber so that it can produce good engine performance and low emissions. This study aims to determine the effect of a diesel-biodiesel (Calophyllum inophyllum)-gasoline blendandfuel heating on the spray characteristics. The research was conducted with variations in composition (B0, B100, B30, B30G5 and B30G10) and fuel heating (40, 60, 80, and 100 °C). Fuel injected atapressure of 17 MPa in to a pressure chamber of 3 bar. The spray formed was recorded with a high-speed camera of 480 fps (resolution 224x168 pixel). In B100 biodiesel, the highest viscosity and density cause high spray tip penetration, small spray angle, and high spray velocity. The addition of diesel oil, gasoline, and heating fuel reduces the viscosity and density so that the spray tip penetration decreases, the spray angle increases and the velocity of spray decreases.

Experimental Stand to Investigate the Injection Process in Diesel Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Dragoș Tutunea ◽  
Ilie Dumitru ◽  
Laurenţiu Racilă
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Experimental Stand ◽  
Fuel Injection Pressure

The objective of this paper is to investigate the fuel injection system in diesel engines by using inline pumps. In a diesel engines, the fuel injection pressure plays an important role in the combustion process in order to obtain high performance and low fuel consumption. The experiments in this paper are been performed on a 6 cylinder inline pump which is actioned by an electric motor with variable r.p.m.-s The quantity of the fuel injected by each injector is measured function of time and the speed of electric motor. The experiments show the degree of non-uniformity of the fuel delivered by the pump to injectors.

Application of HFRT Methods to Diagnose the Technical Condition of High-Speed Marine Diesel Engines

2015 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Tomasz Lus
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Naval Academy ◽  
Marine Diesel

The paper presents problems related to testing of the technical condition of high-speed marine diesel engines that are not equipped with indicated valves, as it is in the case of larger medium-and low-speed marine internal combustion engines. In this case, in assessment of technical condition of engine fuel injection system and valve gear system a vibration signals (in time / angle domain) analysis modified method called HFRT (High Frequency Resonance Technique) can be used. This method indirectly helps also to evaluate the fuel combustion process in the engine cylinders. The paper presents the theoretical basis of a modified HFRT method, physical implementation of the marine diesel engine system’s analyzer used for marine engines testing built at the Institute of Construction and Operation of Ships at Polish Naval Academy (PNA) in Gdynia. The paper also includes a description of the vibration signal processing methodology and examples of measurements made in the ships conditions for a few selected types of engines.

scholarly journals Characteristics of pressure wave in common rail fuel injection system of high-speed direct injection diesel engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 168781401664824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Herfatmanesh ◽  
Zhijun Peng ◽  
Alexis Ihracska ◽  
Yuzhen Lin ◽  
Lipeng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Pressure Wave ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injection System

Supersonic Injection of Gaseous Fuel Described as Possible Solution for NOx Emissions From Large-Bore Gas Engines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoli Borissov ◽  
James J. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Jet Mixing ◽  
Supersonic Injection

Both physical and mathematical models were built to describe the main processes in large-bore gas engines. Based on the detail modeling and analysis of cylinder airflow, fuel injection, mixing, combustion and NOx generation, it was possible to pinpoint the problem of abnormal NOx production, even for lean mixtures, that occurs in these engines. In addition, analysis of the experimental data of jet mixing using high-speed photographic evidence, as well as engine performance data, has helped in the understanding of the mixing process. This has resulted in the development of a new way of the mixing of fuel and air utilizing multiple-nozzle supersonic injection. The fuel injection system is designed to optimize the mixing of the methane fuel with the air in the cylinder of a large bore natural gas engine. The design goals of low-pressure (<130 psi), all-electronic valve actuation, and optimal mixing were all achieved with a unique valve/nozzle arrangement. Later, a laser induced fluorescence method was used to take high-speed photographs of the development of the fuel jet exiting the newly developed supersonic electronic fuel injector (SSEFI). This result, together with the results of numerous experimental testing of SSEFI on different engines (GMVH-6, GMW-10, V-250, UTC-165) are presented as evidence of the success of the SSEFI application for the improvement of engine performance, engine control and NOx reduction.

A Phenomenological Model for Combustion and Emissions in Small Bore, High Speed, Direct Injection Diesel Engines

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Henein ◽  
I. P. Singh ◽  
L. Zhong ◽  
Y. Poonawala ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Phenomenological Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Wide Range

This paper introduces a phenomenological model for the fuel distribution, combustion, and emissions formation in the small bore, high speed direct injection diesel engine. A differentiation is made between the conditions in large bore and small bore diesel engines, particularly regarding the fuel impingement on the walls and the swirl and squish gas flow components. The model considers the fuel injected prior to the development of the flame, fuel injected in the flame, fuel deposited on the walls and the last part of the fuel delivered at the end of the injection process. The model is based on experimental results obtained in a single-cylinder, 4-valve, direct-injection, four-stroke-cycle, water-cooled, diesel engine equipped with a common rail fuel injection system. The engine is supercharged with heated shop air, and the exhaust back pressure is adjusted to simulate actual turbo-charged diesel engine conditions. The experiments covered a wide range of injection pressures, EGR rates, injection timings and swirl ratios. Correlations and 2-D maps are developed to show the effect of combinations of the above parameters on engine out emissions. Emphasis is made on the nitric oxide and soot measured in Bosch Smoke Units (BSU).

High-Pressure Electronic Fuel Injection for Small-Displacement Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Carpenter ◽  
Robert E. Mayo ◽  
Jerald G. Wagner ◽  
Paul E. Yelvington
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Injection Parameters

Small-displacement, single-cylinder, diesel engines employ mechanically actuated fuel injection systems. These mechanically governed systems, while robust and low-cost, lack the ability to fully vary injection parameters, such as timing, pulse duration, and injection pressure. The ability of a particular injection system to vary these injection parameters impacts engine efficiency, power, noise, and emissions. Modern, multi-cylinder automotive engines employ some form of electronically controlled injection to take advantage of the benefits of fully variable injection, including advanced strategies such as multi-pulse injections and rate shaping. Modern diesel electronic fuel injection systems also operate at considerably higher injection pressures than mechanical fuel systems used in small-bore industrial engines. As the cost of electronic fuel systems continues to decrease and the demand for high-efficiency engines increases, electronic fuel injection becomes a more viable option for incorporation into small industrial diesel engines. In particular, this technology may be well-suited for demanding and critical applications such as military power generation. In this study, a small-bore, single-cylinder diesel was retrofit with a custom, four-hole, high-pressure electronic fuel system. Compared to the mechanical injector, the electronic, common-rail injector had a 50% smaller orifice diameter and was designed for a 4x higher injection pressure. The mechanical governor was also replaced with an electronic speed controller. The baseline and modified engines were installed on a dynamometer, and measurements of exhaust emissions, fuel consumption, brake torque, and in-cylinder pressure were made. The electronic injector led to lower smoke opacity and NOx emissions, while CO and hydrocarbon emissions were observed to increase slightly, likely due to some wall wetting of fuel with the initial prototype injector. Testing with low ignition quality fuels was also performed, and the electronic fuel system enabled the engine to operate with fuel having a cetane number as low as 30.

High-Pressure Electronic Fuel Injection for Small-Displacement Single-Cylinder Diesel Engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Carpenter ◽  
Robert E. Mayo ◽  
Jerald G. Wagner ◽  
Paul E. Yelvington
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Injection Parameters

Small-displacement single-cylinder diesel engines employ mechanically actuated fuel injection systems. These mechanically governed systems, while robust and low cost, lack the ability to fully vary injection parameters, such as timing, pulse duration, and injection pressure. The ability of a particular injection system to vary these injection parameters impacts engine efficiency, power, noise, and emissions. Modern, multicylinder automotive engines employ some form of electronically controlled injection to take advantage of the benefits of fully variable injection, including advanced strategies such as multipulse injections and rate shaping. Modern diesel electronic fuel injection (EFI) systems also operate at considerably higher injection pressures than mechanical fuel systems used in small-bore industrial engines. As the cost of electronic fuel systems continues to decrease and the demand for high-efficiency engines increases, EFI becomes a more viable option for incorporation into small industrial diesel engines. In particular, this technology may be well-suited for demanding and critical applications, such as military power generation. In this study, a small-bore single-cylinder diesel was retrofit with a custom high-pressure EFI system. Compared to the mechanical injector, the electronic, common-rail injector had a 50% smaller orifice diameter and was designed for a fourfold higher injection pressure. The mechanical governor was also replaced with an electronic speed controller. The baseline and modified engines were installed on a dynamometer, and measurements of exhaust emissions, fuel consumption, brake torque, and in-cylinder pressure were made. The electronic injector leads to lower smoke opacity and NOx emissions, while CO and hydrocarbon emissions were observed to increase slightly, likely due to some wall wetting of fuel with the initial prototype injector. Testing with low ignition quality fuels was also performed, and the electronic fuel system enabled the engine to operate with fuel having a cetane number as low as 30.

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