Effects of Grease Types on Vibration and Acoustic Emission of Defective Linear-Guideway Type Recirculating Ball Bearings

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Ohta ◽  
Shinya Hayashi ◽  
Soichiro Kato ◽  
Yutaka Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Grease Lubrication ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Defect Angle

In this paper, vibrations and acoustic emissions (AEs) of defective linear-guideway type recirculating ball bearings under grease lubrication were measured. The experimental results show that the vibration and AE amplitudes (the pulse amplitudes, the RMS values) of both the normal and defective bearings have a tendency to be reduced when a grease with higher base oil viscosity is used. Under the same type of grease, the RMS values of the vibrations and AE of the defective bearings increase as the defect angle increases. However, the increases of the RMS values due to increased defect angle are reduced when a grease with higher base oil viscosity is used.

Effects of Grease Types on Vibration and Acoustic Emission of Defective Linear-Guideway Type Recirculating Ball Bearings

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Ohta ◽  
Shinya Hayashi ◽  
Soichiro Kato ◽  
Yutaka Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Ball Impact ◽  
Artificial Defect ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Defect Angle

This paper deals with effects of grease types on vibrations and acoustic emissions (AEs) of linear-guideway type recirculating ball bearings with a millimeter-sized artificial defect in the carriage. First, the vibration and AE of one normal bearing without a defect (Type N) and six defective bearings (Types D1–D6) were measured using a linear velocity of 1 m/s. Three types of grease are used for the lubrication of test bearings. The experimental results show that the vibration and AE amplitudes (the pulse amplitudes, the root-mean-square (RMS) values, and component amplitudes in the spectra) of both the normal and defective bearings have a tendency to be reduced when a grease with higher base oil viscosity is used. Under the same type of grease, the RMS values of the vibrations and AE of the defective bearings increase as the defect angle increases. However, the increases of the RMS values due to increased defect angle (the increasing rates of the RMS values) are reduced when a grease with higher base oil viscosity is used. To explain these experimental results, grease impact tests are carried out. The grease impact tests show that a grease with higher base oil viscosity reduces the impact velocity and the maximum impact forces. This implies that a grease with higher base oil viscosity generate greater viscous resistance to balls in the test bearings then reduces the ball impact forces in the ball circulation collisions and ball-defect collisions. Because of the reduction of the ball impact forces, both the vibration and AE amplitudes as well as the increasing rate of the RMS values are reduced.

Vibration and Acoustic Emission of Linear-Guideway Type Recirculating Ball Bearings With a Millimeter-Sized Artificial Defect in the Carriage

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Ohta ◽  
Kazuya Matsuura ◽  
Soichiro Kato ◽  
Yutaka Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Linear Velocity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Artificial Defect ◽  
Collision Model ◽  
Defect Type ◽  
Defect Angle

This paper deals with vibrations and acoustic emissions (AEs) of linear-guideway type recirculating ball bearings with a millimeter-sized artificial defect in the carriage. The vibration and AE of one normal bearing without a defect (Type N), and six defective bearings (Types D1–D6) were measured using a linear velocity of 1 m/s. The defects in the bearings range from 1.87 mm to 6.77 mm in length, 2.45 mm to 3.80 mm in width, and 23.3 μm to 68.0 μm in depth. The experimental results show that the pulse amplitudes of the vibrations and AE (both the peak-to-peak and RMS values) of the defective bearings have a tendency to be greater than those of the normal bearing. Both the measured vibration and AE components over 30 kHz increased in the carriages with defects. To explain these increases in the defective bearings, a collision model with balls and one defect in the carriage is presented. That collision model shows that the increases in both the vibrations and AE of the defective bearings are caused by increases in the defect angle. A reasonable correlation exists between the presented collision model and the measured vibrations or AE of the defective bearings.

Vibration and Acoustic Emission Measurements Evaluating the Separation of the Balls and Raceways With Lubricating Film in a Linear Bearing Under Grease Lubrication

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Ohta ◽  
Yuko Nakajima ◽  
Soichiro Kato ◽  
Hideyuki Tajimi
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Linear Velocity ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Grease Lubrication ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Lubricating Film ◽  
Contact Voltage ◽  
Film Parameter ◽  
Vibratory Acceleration

This paper deals with vibration and acoustic emission (AE) measurements evaluating the separation of the balls and raceways with lubricating film in a linear-guideway–type recirculating ball bearing (linear bearing) under grease lubrication. In the experiments, three types of commercial grease, AS2, LG2, and PS2, were used. The vibratory acceleration, AE, temperature, and electric conductivity (contact voltage) in the test bearing were measured, while a carriage of the test bearing was driven at a certain linear velocity. Experimental results showed that the measured vibratory acceleration, AE, and contact voltage of the test bearing were affected by the linear velocity and the base oil viscosity of the grease. Next, the rail side film parameter ΛR and the carriage side film parameter ΛC were examined for the test bearing in operation, and it was shown that the ΛR value was lower than the ΛC value. In addition, a condition for the separation of all the balls and raceways with lubricating film was presented. Finally, it was shown that the measured root-mean-square (RMS) values of vibratory acceleration or AE can be used for evaluating the separation of all the balls and raceways with lubricating film in the test bearing.

scholarly journals Cavitation Growth Phenomena in Pure-Sliding Grease EHD Contacts

Lubricants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Takefumi Otsu ◽  
Romeo Glovnea ◽  
Joichi Sugimura
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cavity Growth ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Grease Lubrication ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Lubrication Film ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Cavity Growth Rate

This article describes experimental and theoretical studies on the cavitation phenomena in the grease lubrication film under pure sliding elastohydrodynamic contact. In situ observation tests using the optical interferometry technique were conducted, and the growth of cavitation was captured using a high-speed camera. The results showed that the cavity grew in two stages, which was similar to the behavior in the base oil, and that the cavity growth rate in the initial stage was higher than that in the second stage. In the initial stage, the cavity growth time in the grease was longer than that in the base oil, and the cavity length after the growth depended on the base oil viscosity. It was also found in the test using diurea grease that small cavities were formed by the lumps of thickener. The cavity growth in the initial stage was discussed by numerical simulation of pressure distribution based on a simple rheological model.

A Novel Method for Grinding Wheel Setting Based on Acoustic Emissions

2016 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Long Zhu ◽  
Zhen Hua Jiao ◽  
Ren Ke Kang ◽  
Zi Guang Wang ◽  
Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Ae Signals ◽  
Better Than

Wheel setting is difficult in a grinding process and may directly apply a negative impact on grinding accuracy and efficiency. This study presents a novel method for grinding wheel setting based on acoustic emissions. The method experimentally detects the acoustic emission (AE) signals that come from the touch-down of the grinding wheel with the workpiece. The experimental results show that the measured AE signals monotonically increase with grinding depth and can be used for detection of wheel setting in a grinding process with a detection accuracy better than 0.5μm.

Grease Performance in Tapered Roller Bearings

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Hoeprich
Keyword(s):  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Grease Lubrication ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Tapered Roller ◽  
Element Bearing ◽  
Tapered Roller Bearings

To gain insight into the physical aspects of grease lubrication, nine greases with different oil viscosity and thickener combinations were tested in a tapered rolling element bearing under a light thrust load at speeds of 1800 and 3600 RPM. Bearings were run for thirty days or until a 150°C rib temperature was reached. Using SEM analysis, thickener samples were taken after testing from the rib/roller and raceway contacts for comparison with the thickener in new grease. A post test infrared technique was also used to evaluate grease thickness at the rib/roller contact and was compared with calculated film thickness. Bearing operating temperatures were then compared with grease base oil viscosity and thickener type.

Guided Wave Acoustic Emission from Fatigue Crack Growth in Aluminium Plate

2006 ◽  
Vol 13-14 ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.K. Lee ◽  
Jonathan J. Scholey ◽  
Paul D. Wilcox ◽  
M.R. Wisnom ◽  
Michael I. Friswell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Elastic Waves ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Multiple Reflections ◽  
Alloy Plate

Acoustic emission (AE) testing is an increasingly popular technique used for nondestructive evaluation (NDE). It has been used to detect and locate defects such as fatigue cracks in real structures. The monitoring of fatigue cracks in plate-like structures is critical for aerospace industries. Much research has been conducted to characterize and provide quantitative understanding of the source of emission on small specimens. It is difficult to extend these results to real structures as most of the experiments are restricted by the geometric effects from the specimens. The aim of this work is to provide a characterization of elastic waves emanating from fatigue cracks in plate-like structures. Fatigue crack growth is initiated in large 6082 T6 aluminium alloy plate specimens subjected to fatigue loading in the laboratory. A large specimen is utilized to eliminate multiple reflections from edges. The signals were recorded using both resonant and nonresonant transducers attached to the surface of the alloy specimens. The distances between the damage feature and sensors are located far enough apart in order to obtain good separation of guided-wave modes. Large numbers of AE signals are detected with active fatigue crack propagation during the experiment. Analysis of experimental results from multiple crack growth events are used to characterize the elastic waves. Experimental results are compared with finite element predictions to examine the mechanism of AE generation at the crack tip.

Simultaneous Monitoring of Rolling-Element and Journal Bearings Using Analysis of Structure-Born Ultrasound Acoustic Emissions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Albers ◽  
M. Dickerhof
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensor ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Acoustic Emission Sensor ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Acoustic Emission Technology

The application of Acoustic Emission technology for monitoring rolling element or hydrodynamic plain bearings has been addressed by several authors in former times. Most of these investigations took place under idealized conditions, to allow the concentration on one single source of emission, typically recorded by means of a piezoelectric sensor. This can be achieved by either eliminating other sources in advance or taking measures to shield them out (e. g. by placing the acoustic emission sensor very close to the source of interest), so that in consequence only one source of structure-born sound is present in the signal. With a practical orientation this is often not possible. In point of fact, a multitude of potential sources of emission can be worth considering, unfortunately superimposing one another. The investigations reported in this paper are therefore focused on the simultaneous monitoring of both bearing types mentioned above. Only one piezoelectric acoustic emission sensor is utilized, which is placed rather far away from the monitored bearings. By derivation of characteristic values from the sensor signal, different simulated defects can be detected reliably: seeded defects in the inner and outer race of rolling element bearings as well as the occurrence of mixed friction in the sliding surface bearing due to interrupted lubricant inflow.

Experimental analysis of crack evolution in concrete by the acoustic emission technique

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Saliba ◽  
A. Loukili ◽  
J.P. Regoin ◽  
D. Grégoire ◽  
L. Verdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Fracture Process ◽  
Process Zone ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Crack Mouth Opening Displacement ◽  
Notch Depth ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Magnitude Distribution

The fracture process zone (FPZ) was investigated on unnotched and notched beams with different notch depths. Three point bending tests were realized on plain concrete under crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) control. Crack growth was monitored by applying the acoustic emission (AE) technique. In order to improve our understanding of the FPZ, the width and length of the FPZ were followed based on the AE source locations maps and several AE parameters were studied during the entire loading process. The bvalue analysis, defined as the log-linear slope of the frequency-magnitude distribution of acoustic emissions, was also carried out to describe quantitatively the influence of the relative notch depth on the fracture process. The results show that the number of AE hits increased with the decrease of the relative notch depth and an important AE energy dissipation was observed at the crack initiation in unnotched beams. In addition, the relative notch depth influenced the AE characteristics, the process of crack propagation, and the brittleness of concrete.

scholarly journals Acoustic Emission in Snow at Constant Rates of Deformation

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (64) ◽  
pp. 144-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. St. Lawrence ◽  
T. E. Lang ◽  
R.L. Brown ◽  
C. C. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Brittle Fracture ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Snow Sample ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Snow Samples

AbstractAcoustic emissions in the audio spectrum are reported from observations of laboratory experiments conducted on snow samples in uniaxial compression. A number of tests show the pattern of acoustic emissions to be a function of the rate of deformation. Over the frequency range 20 to 7 000 Hz acoustic emissions are associated with rates of deformation corresponding to brittle fracture of the snow sample. Though probably present, no acoustic emissions were detected from samples deforming plastically.

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