A Sacrificial Method for Fabricating Microchannel Accelerated by Galvanic Corrosion

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Zeng ◽  
Alan Feinerman ◽  
Zhiliang Wan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Etch Rate ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Channel Width ◽  
Etching Time ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Sacrificial Material ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A metal sacrificial method has been investigated for creation of microchannels by galvanic corrosion in a metal multilayer. To achieve the fastest sacrificial metal combination, different metals and the corresponding etchants are chosen. Channels from 50 μm to 1 μm wide, 0.2 μm high, and 1500 μm long, as well as the channel array is fabricated, using Cr/Cu galvanic metal couple as sacrificial material. The relationship between the etching front vs. the etching time, and the relationship of the etch rate vs. channel width is measured and compared with the etching performance of the single metal. The measurement shows there is approximately 10 times faster etching in the galvanic coupled metals than that in the single metal. SEM images of the channels and channel array made by this method are presented. This method is compatible with the conventional VLSI process, and has the potential for fabricating microchannels with submicron or even nanometer cross section.

Optimization Analysis of the Wedge Block Surface of NYD Contact Backstop

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 2277-2281
Author(s):  
Quan Wei Wang ◽  
Ming Hui Wang ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Dian Mao Wan ◽  
Rong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Archimedes Spiral ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Section Curve ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

By analyzing the relationship of the design parameters of NYD contact backstop, the cross-section curve of the wedge block has been discussed as Archimedes spiral, logarithm spiral and arc. Each curve is designed optimally using MATLAB optimization toolbox. The merits and drawbacks of each curve are discussed.

Research on Surface Roughness of Die Steel in Micro-Etching

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 896-900
Author(s):  
Hong Guang Huang ◽  
Guan Wang ◽  
Zhong Ning Guo ◽  
Qing Song ◽  
Yu Deng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Etching Time ◽  
Micro Channel ◽  
Die Steel ◽  
Etching Method ◽  
Etching Factor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the 300 µm width micro-channel was manufactured by spray etching method. The surface roughness was analyzed by Laser scanning con-focal microscope. The relationship of the surface roughness and etching factor such as spray etching pressure, mask gap and time had been studied. The results show that the surface roughness increases initially, and then reduces with the size of mask gap. While the roughness increases as the spraying pressure increases. The etching time plays slightly effect on roughness for it has no impact on the etch uniformity as mask gap and spray pressure do.

Influence of Coating Binder Migration on Coated Paper Printing Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 286-289
Author(s):  
Zhao Hui Zhen ◽  
Zheng Shun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
N Value ◽  
Coating Surface ◽  
Binder Concentration ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The coating binder migration and concentration in z-direction of coating layer especially in coating surface influence the coated paper printing properties. The results indicated that with the increase of coating surface binder migration, the coated paper opacity decreases, and the K&N value decreases. The relationship of K&N value and binder concentration in surface of coating layer was linear, which indicated that compared to binder dosage concentration in coating color, the K&N value and coating surface binder concentration has higher correlation. The more uniform the binder distribution in cross section of coating layer, the greater the IGT.

Preparation and Thermal/Fast Neutron Shielding Properties of Novel Boron Containing Ore Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Fu Li ◽  
Xiang Xin Xue ◽  
Pei Ning Duan ◽  
Ang Tian ◽  
Shu Xian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Neutron ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Neutron Shielding ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Average Atomic Number ◽  
Shielding Properties ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Four novel boron containing ores/epoxy composites were prepared by using nature ludwigite green ore (NLGO), artificial ores including boron containing iron ore concentrate (BCIOC), boron rich slag (BRS) and boron mud (BM) as neutron absorbers, which were obtained by dressing from NLGO, blast furnace separation from BCIOC and borax production, respectively. The microstructure of the composites was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Shielding properties of the composites against thermal and Cf-252 fast neutron were measured. Factors affecting the shielding properties were investigated. Energy deposition, absorbed dose and half value layers of the composites against neutron penetration were simulated by Monte Carlo method, and a simulated function was obtained. The results showed that the composites were compact and the particles of ores were homogeneous. Ascending boron mole numbers per unit volume (nB) in the composites can obviously enhance the macroscopic absorbing cross section (Σthermal) and improve the shielding properties for thermal neutron. The relationship of Σthermal and nB follows the equation of Σthermal=0.218+450.490nB. And the relationship of average atomic number (Z) of boron containing ores composites and the macroscopic removal cross section for fast neutron follows the equation of Σremoval=0.042exp (-Z/5.70)+0.032. Enhancement of the shielding abilities against Cf-252 fast neutron can be achieved by using the composites with low average atomic number.

Analysis of the Influence of Bar-Defects to Warping of PMMA Products

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 2166-2170
Author(s):  
Yao Huang ◽  
Da Ming Wu ◽  
Xiu Ting Zheng ◽  
Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Pmma Sheet ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Moldflow software is used to analyze the warping of the PMMA sheet in this article. It is shown that density of bar-defects, cross-section shape of bar-defects and sectional dimension of bar defects influence the warping in different level. The relationship of bar-defects and warping is amply analyzed. As a result, it is found that cross-section shape of bar-defects and sectional dimension of bar defects have more influence to warping, especially in the vertical direction of the surface. At last, some feasible method is put forward to decrease the warping.

Relationship of Dogmatism and Confidence in the Evaluation of Accounting Information

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand A. Gul
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between dogmatism and changes in confidence. Using a pretest-posttest research design 33 participants who were managers drawn from a cross-section of electronic companies were administered the short-form Dogmatism Scale and then a two-part case study which contained conventional information on personnel layoff and also Human Resources Accounting information. On these bases subjects were asked to make certain decisions about a personnel layoff problem. They were also asked to state their level of confidence (0 to 100) that the decision they had made was optimal after each part of the case. Chi squared showed that more highly dogmatic managers demonstrated an upward change in confidence when provided with new Human Resources Accounting information than low dogmatic managers.

Paleobiologic features of Trabeculites maculatus (Tabulata, Late Ordovician, southern Manitoba)

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1056-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Jin Lee ◽  
Robert J. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Affinity ◽  
Tabulate Coral ◽  
Lateral Modes ◽  
Growth Features ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tabulate Corals

Detailed analysis of certain growth characteristics in Trabeculites maculatus contributes to an understanding of the paleobiology and phylogeny of early tabulate corals. Some coralla of T. maculatus contain peculiar, vertically oriented cylindrical lacunae (open areas) that are lenticular, or in one case circular, in cross section. The nature of these structures and their relation to adjacent corallites suggest that they were formed by the coral in response to soft-bodied biotic associates of unknown taxonomic affinity.Trabeculites maculatus is an unusual tabulate coral featuring both axial and lateral modes of corallite increase. Axial increase was common, often occurring in association with rejuvenation following injury and less commonly involving normal, undamaged corallites. Lateral increase of normal corallites was typical, but this form of increase could also be involved in the termination of lacunae and occurred in response to a divergent growth pattern around the circular lacuna. Corallite decrease was fairly common, usually taking place adjacent to lenticular lacunae but in some cases involving normal corallites not associated with lacunae. Corallite fusion was uncommon; it could be either temporary or permanent. Conspicuous relocation of corallites and restructuring of corallite arrangement generally involved mass rejuvenation and/or regeneration, usually over a large surface area of the corallum.The growth features in T. maculatus are fundamentally the same as those in the co-occurring Saffordophyllum newcombae, including types of axial increase unknown in other tabulate corals. The basic paleobiologic similarity of these species supports the interpretation that the genera they represent are closely related phylogenetically. The relationship of these taxa to other tabulates, however, remains unresolved.

Mechanical properties of the living dog aorta

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Evans ◽  
Eugene F. Bernstein ◽  
Evelyn Johnson ◽  
Carl Reller
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Hooke’S Law ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hooke's Law ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Propagation Velocities

The variation of living dog aortic cross sections with volemic pressure changes is given for states before and after thoracotomy. The relationship of vessel cross section to pressure is approximately linear, does not follow Hooke's law, and is roughly the same for both dynamic and relatively static changes. The implied and directly measured propagation velocities are comparable to each other.

A Comparative Study of the Morphologies of Etch Pits in Semi-Insulating Silicon Carbide Single Crystals

2011 ◽  
Vol 679-680 ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Peng ◽  
Xian Gang Xu ◽  
Xiao Bo Hu ◽  
Xiu Fang Chen ◽  
Yu Qiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Etch Rate ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Etch Pits ◽  
Burgers Vector ◽  
Vector Component ◽  
Shallow Impurity ◽  
Etching Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Sic Wafer ◽  
The Relationship

Contactless resistivity mapping, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser microscope have been used to study the relationship of the resistivity and the etching behavior of the semi-insulating 6H-SiC wafer. Evidence is presented that the morphologies of the etch pits vary significantly with the impurity concentrations. The V impurity strongly affects the etch rates of edge, screw and mixed dislocations. For the dislocation containing the Burgers vector component of <0001>, its vertical etch rate is enhanced distinctly. In contrast, the horizontal etch rate becomes larger for the dislocation containing the Burgers vector component of < >. The shape of the etch pits reflects the Fermi level of the semi-insulating wafer and the net shallow impurity concentration.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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