Automated Optimal Design for Manufacturability of Sheet/Plate Assemblies

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Guidea ◽  
T. J. Nye
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Packing Problems ◽  
Cad System ◽  
System A ◽  
Part Dimension

A wide variety of products are manufactured from raw materials that are in the form of sheets or plates. Once the product is designed, parts are unfolded or flattened into flat blanks, which are nested onto the raw material for cutting. Optimization of nesting and packing problems has been an active research field for many years, and many good algorithms have been created. These algorithms have a fundamental limitation, however, in that they assume the set of blanks to be nested is fixed. In this work we relax this assumption, and by linking a parametric CAD system, a part-unfolding module and a sheet-nesting module that all intercommunicate, nests are created which maintain the parametric dimensions of the assembled product. Given a nest of the set of required blanks, dimensions of the blanks are optimized for a particular objective, such as maximizing raw material utilization or minimizing total use of raw material, subject to assembly, part dimension, part and blank dimension constraints. Once optimized, these blank dimensions are returned to the CAD system to update the product model. Through the use of this system, a designer can simultaneously optimize all the dimensions within a product to minimize manufacturing costs early in the design phase while maintaining acceptable product performance. This paper will demonstrate a prototype of this DFM system, discuss issues such as performance improvement through randomized trials, and suggest how additional design objectives (e.g., strength to weight ratio, stiffness, etc.) can be integrated with the reduced manufacturing cost objective.

scholarly journals End-of-Life Alternatives of Glass Reinforced Polyester Boat Hulls Compared by LCA

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 096369351802700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Önal ◽  
Gökdeniz Neşer
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Vacuum Infusion ◽  
Infusion Method

Glass reinforced polyester (GRP), as a thermoset polymer composites, dominates boat building industry with its several advantages such as high strength/weight ratio, cohesiveness, good resistance to environment. However, proper recovering and recycling of GRP boats is became a current environmental requirement that should be met by the related industry. In this study, to propose in a cost effective and environmentally friendly way, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been carried out for six scenarios include two moulding methods (namely Hand Lay-up Method, HLM and Vacuum Infusion Method, VIM) and three End-of-Life (EoL) alternatives(namely Extruding, Incineration and Landfill) for a recreational boat's GRP hulls. A case study from raw materials purchasing phase to disposal/recycling stages has been established taking 11 m length GRP boat hull as the functional unit. Analysis show that in the production phase, the impacts are mainly due to the use of energy (electricity), transport and raw material manufacture. Largest differences between the methods considered (HLM and VIM) can be observed in the factors of marine aquatic ecotoxicity and eutrophication while the closest ones are abiotic depletion, ozon layer depletion and photochemical oxidation. The environmental impact of VIM is much higher than HLM due to its higher energy consumption while vacuum infusion method has lower risk than hand lay-up method in terms of occupational health by using less raw material (resin) in a closed mold. In the comparison of the three EoL techniques, the mechanical way of recycling (granule extruding) shows better environmental impacts except terrestrial ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation and acidification. Among the EoL alternatives, landfill has the highest environmental impacts except ‘global warming potential’ and ‘human toxicity’ which are the highest in extrusion. The main cause of the impacts of landfill is the transportation needs between the EoL boats and the licenced landfill site. Although it has the higher impact on human toxicity, incineration is the second cleaner alternative of EoL techniques considered in this study. In fact that the similar trend has been observed both in production and EoL phases of the boat. It is obvious that using much more renewable energy mix and greener transportation alternative can reduce the overall impact of the all phases considerably.

Preparation and Properties of MgAl2O4-CaAl12O19 High Temperature Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 617-620
Author(s):  
Yong Hong Wang ◽  
Yan Gai Liu ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Zhao Hui Huang ◽  
Ming Hao Fang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Industrial Alumina

The utilization of lightweight refractories plays an important role in reducing the energy consumption of industrial furnaces. In this paper, MgAl2O4-CaA112O19 high temperature composite was synthesized via solid state reaction using magnesite, dolomite and industrial alumina as raw materials. The influences of raw materials and reaction temperature on phase compositions and microstructure of the composite were investigated by XRD and SEM，respectively. The parameters to prepare MgAl2O4-CaA112O19 high temperature composite were optimized. The results show that the optimum reaction conditions for synthesizing MgAl2O4-CaA112O19 composite is the CA6/MA weight ratio of 2:3, and the reaction temperature of 1500°C for 4h. The CaA112O19 crystals showed laminated or plate-like structure, and the MgAl2O4 showed spherical morphology. The reaction temperature had little effect on the phase compositions of MA-CA6 composite in this experiment. The content of Al2O3 in the raw material affected the phase composition of MA-CA6 composite.With the increase of the CaA112O19 amount, the bending strength of the composite decreased.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING OF TENESTROL SUBSTANCE OF ESTROGENIC AC-TION FROM THE AERIAL PARTS OF FERULA TENUISECTA

2019 ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
Мунирахон (Munirakhon) Ахматхон кизи (Ahmatkhon kizi) Маматханова (Mamatkhanova) ◽  
Равшанжон (Ravshanzhon) Муратджанович (Muratdzhanovich) Халилов (Khalilov) ◽  
Любовь (Lyubov') Дмитриевна (Dmitrievna) Котенко (Kotenko) ◽  
Ахматхон (Ahmatkhon) Умарханович (Umaralievich) Маматханов (Mamatkhanov)
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Green Coloration ◽  
Water Alcohol

Extraction of the sum of esters of the sesquiterpene alcohols from the aerial part of Ferula tenuisecta and purification of obtained extract were studied, allowing in following to get the final substance without green coloration. It was determined the optimum adsorbent – actuated coal and its amount for removing the green coloration of water-alcohol extract from used raw materials. It was found that for the purification of the bottoms of water-alcohol extract, five-fold treatment with extractive petrol in a volume ratio of water solution – solvent 2:1 is necessary, and for extraction esters from a purified water solution – three-fold extraction with ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of water solution – solvent 2:1. It was used a filler to effective drying the substance of Tenestrol. The microcrystalline cellulose in a weight ratio from 1:8 to 1:10 to the raw material was chosen as the optimum filler. Technology for obtain of substance of esters of sesquiterpene alcohols with estrogenic action from the aerial part of Ferula tenuisecta was developed and called “Tenestrol”. From this technology substance "Tenestrol" with yield of 3.8% by weight of the raw material is obtained, which contains not less 20% of the esters.

scholarly journals Alkaline hydrolysis of wool fat (lanolin) in a medium of proton and aprotic solvents

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Saparkali Konuspayev ◽  
Batiha Kassenova ◽  
Zauresh Akhatova ◽  
Roza Nurbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Triterpene Alcohols ◽  
System A ◽  
Alcohol Water ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Wool Processing ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The raw material being studied is the woolen fat of the sheep of the Edilbay fine-fleece and Kazakh arkharomeric fine-fleece, which is excreted when washing wool in primary wool processing plants (PWP) in the regions of Kazakhstan, such as Semipalatinsk, Aktyubinsk, Zhambyl and Tokmak. Earlier we obtained anhydrous lanolin from the fat of various factories of the PWP. In both cases, positive results were obtained and a certificate of compliance of anhydrous lanolin FS RK was obtained. In terms of its chemical composition, wool fat is a mixture of C10-C16 carboxylic acid esters with aliphatic, terpenic, triterpene and sterol alcohols. It also contains vitamins, proteins, sterols and other physiologically active compounds. In the hydrolysis of wool fat, a mixture of sterol alcohols, triterpene alcohols and fatty acid salts are assumed. Valuable among them are sterol alcohols, which constitute up to 29% of the sum of all alcohols. Cholesterol and its derivatives are the raw materials for the synthesis of steroid drugs. Salts of fatty acids are used as an emulsifier in pharmacy and cosmetology. The aim of this paper is to complete the saponification of wool fat and the separation of a mixture of sterol alcohols. We show the patterns of alkaline hydrolysis of wool fat in the liquid phase in the presence of mixtures of various solvents. As a solvent, the ethanol-water, isopropanol-water system in which wool fat is only partially dissolved has been studied. In the wool fat-alcohol-water-NaOH system, a stable emulsion is formed. Ways that prevent the formation of an emulsion are proposed.

Kinetic Consideration of Clinker Formation in Portland Cement Production Using Demolition Rubbles (Concrete,mortar and plaster) Part I : Burning Ability of Raw Mixes

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Sumardi P ◽  
I. B. Agra ◽  
I. M. Bendiyasa ◽  
Wahyudi B. S.
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Operating Condition ◽  
Saturation Factor ◽  
Specific Operating Condition

Wahyudi B.S.Wahyudi B.S.In general, the main raw materials in Portland cement production are limestone, clay, and corrective materials such as iron sand and silica sand. These raw material come from natural deposits, which are very hard to find in some countries. In this research, Portland cement was made by utilizing the demolition rubble of office and housing buildings. The rubble consists of concrete wastes (mixtures of hydrated Portland cement minerals and some aggregates) and some building bricks as well as mortar/plaster of Portland cement. To meet the cement modulus, which is generally used in Portland cement industries, corrective materials such as limestone (source of CaO) and disposed building bricks are used. The term burning ability is used for Portland cement to measure the CaO free content in the cement clinker produced from specified raw material mixes at a specific operating 'condition of clinkering. The cement modulus used is Ume Saturation Factor (LSF) and Silica Modulus (SM). The minimum Cao free content was found by using LSF: 0.86, SM: 2.14, and clinkering temperature 14000C for 30 minutes. The cement modulus was made from concrete waste, limestone, and disposed red brick with a weight ratio of 1: 3.489: 0.677. Keywords: Burning ability,demolition rubble of buildings, Portland cement, and raw mixes.

scholarly journals Perancangan alat bantu untuk memperbaiki proses perencanaan produksi pada PT X

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Hans Gerald Regawa
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Production Planning ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Order System ◽  
System A ◽  
Work In Process ◽  
Make To Order ◽  
A Company

Production planning is part of the operational management that is important in a company. By managing production planning properly, the production process in a company will be able to run better. PT X is a company that produces vehicle spareparts for private cars. The company runs make to order system to fulfill the production procss. In the make to order system, a new product will begin to be produced by the company if there is an order from the customer. In this system, a company has inventory i.e. raw material and work in process. The problem are PT X have lack of raw materials and the absence of lead time given by the company to customers about when a product will be sent. To overcome this problem, improvements are made to the existing production planning system. Improvements begin by changing the way raw materials are purchased. This is done by treating the system with order point. With this system, company will never experience a shortage of raw materials because when raw material below order point, company must immediately order new raw materials. Thus the production process will not be disturbed and can run smoothly. In determining when a product will be completed and sent to customers, a production planning system with DSS tools (decision support system) is made using Microsoft Excel tools. By using DSS, the system will automatically display when a product will be finished and when it can be sent to the customer, when to buy raw materials, and how much production order is. Accordingly, the company can provide certainty of information to customers when the products have been produced and shipped.

scholarly journals Indian Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Industry- An overview on Challenges, Opportunities & Regulatory prerequisites

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Shefali Singh ◽  
Harvinder Popli
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Medicine ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
History Of

Active pharmaceutical ingredient is a chemical compound which is most important raw material to formulate a finished pharmaceutical medicine and has a pharmacological effect.  India has a long history of being heavily dependent for these raw materials on China due to one major reason i.e. Low manufacturing cost. But overdependence of APIs imports from China brought various liabilities to India including supply chain disruption and price hikes during pandemic, leading to shortage of various important APIs/KSMs. This COVID 19 widespread has solidly put the center of our country on being “Atma Nirbhar”. And this activity had brought out the strengths, market patterns and opportunities in five divisions counting Healthcare, which are basic from country’s point of view. In view of changing geo-political situation and recalibrated trade arrangement, it is crucial that India become self-reliant within the generation of APIs and KSMs, which is why decreasing the Import reliance for Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) & Key starting materials (KSMs) particularly from china has been focused upon with the assistance of productive linked incentive scheme (PLIS) passed by Department of pharmaceuticals, Government of India to thrive Indian API industry. Hence, this review highlights the current state of Indian API industry, evaluates challenges, opportunities give suggestions for moving forward for self-sufficiency of APIs as well as centers on current regulatory prerequisites for Active pharmaceutical Ingredients.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman L. Sahwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Natural Organic Material ◽  
Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

Nutritional Value Research of Spelt Pasta with Vegetable Additives

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Oliya Fazullina ◽  
Stanislav Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Physiologically Active Substances ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates

Health indicators of the population depend significantly on the food quality and nutritional value. Simple carbohydrates excess of and lack of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other physiologically active substances increase the risk of socially significant disease progress. The development and production of mass-consumed products with high nutritional and biological value, including affordable non-traditional raw materials use, are promising areas of the food industry development aimed at improving the nutritional status of the population. The article presents the research results on the developed Noodle products recipes from non-traditional raw materials that meet modern healthy nutrition requirements, intended for dietary treatment and dietary prevention of people with overweight / obesity. The research aimed at expanding the range of macaroni products with these characteristics. As the main raw material, a man selected whole-wheat flour – new spelt flour, and as additional raw materials – buckwheat flour, broccoli and celery powders. The researchers found that the introduction of macaroni products from buckwheat spelt, broccoli and celery powders into the recipe had a multidirectional effect, reducing or increasing various indicators of its nutritional value. The changes range did not affect the overall characteristics. The satisfaction degree of the average daily need for food substances and energy when consuming a portion of 100 g for each sample of developed Noodle products allows them to be classified as functional products that are protein and dietary fiber sources, according to the requirements of the TR CU 022/2011.

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