Dynamic Response Predictions of Quarter-Vehicle Models Using FEA and Rigid Ring Truck Tire Models

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seokyong Chae ◽  
James Allen ◽  
Fredrik O¨ijer ◽  
Moustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Mukesh Trivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Front Axle ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Dynamic Coupling ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Tire Models

In this paper two finite element analysis (FEA) quarter-vehicle models (QVMs) are constructed using developed nonlinear 3-and 4-groove tread FEA radial-ply truck tire models. In addition to the FEA models, a rigid ring QVM is developed to observe the dynamic response of the rigid ring tire model under the effect of the sprung mass vertical motions. The rigid ring tire model was created in the authors' previous studies. In the rigid ring QVM, the suspension characteristics are similar to that used in the FEA QVMs. Simulations are conducted using explicit FEA simulation software, PAM-SHOCK. The FEA tire model predictions of contact patch area, static vertical stiffness, first mode of free vertical vibration, and yaw oscillation frequency response are compared with measurements and found to be in good agreement. After the successful validation tasks, the FEA QVMs is subjected to a durability test on a 74 cm-long and 8.6 cm-deep water drainage ditch to observe the dynamic tire responses. Meanwhile, measurements are conducted using a tractor-semitrailer. The vertical acceleration of the front axle that moves vertically together with front tires is measured and compared with the results from the QVMs. The predicted vertical accelerations from the QVMs exhibit similar results in magnitude and trend to each other. However, the measured peak values are lower than those observed from the QVMs due to a dynamic coupling effect from roll and pitch motions. Reasonable agreement between predicted and measured vertical acceleration is observed at higher speeds because the dynamic coupling effect is less significant on the front axle of the tractor-semitrailer at higher speeds. In order to compare the dynamic tire responses of the QVMs with measured values, special test equipment similar to the QVM is required to obtain the actual dynamic tire responses in the same quarter-vehicle environment.

In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Dynamic Response Predictions of a Truck Tire Using Detailed Finite Element and Rigid Ring Models

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seokyong Chae ◽  
Fredrik O¨ijer ◽  
Mustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Mukesh Trivedi ◽  
Inge Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Tire Models

A detailed nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) model of a radial-ply truck tire, 295/75R22.5, has been developed using explicit FEA simulation software, PAM-SHOCK. For the validation of the model, the tire model predictions of contact patch area, vertical stiffness, and cornering characteristics, such as cornering force and aligning moment versus slip angle, at different vertical loads are in good agreement with available physical measurements. For complete vehicle simulations, a simplified rigid ring tire model is required for efficient analysis throughput. The behavior of such a tire model can be verified and improved by comparing responses with the developed FEA model. Moreover, the in-plane and out-of-plane tire parameters needed for the simplified rigid ring tire model could be virtually determined at various vertical loads by testing the FEA tire model instead of performing expensive tire parameters measurements. The in-plane and out-of-plane tire parameters are implemented into a simplified rigid ring tire model to perform durability tests. The durability tests are conducted to examine dynamic behaviors by using the FEA truck tire and the rigid ring tire models during running on a water drainage ditch at various vertical tire loads. The ditch is 12.0-cm (4.72-in) deep and lies in 45-degree angle against tire traveling direction. The dynamic responses such as vertical displacement, forces, and moments at tire center are predicted using both tire models. The results obtained from both models are in reasonable agreement.

FEA Tire Modeling and Validation Techniques

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrsa Marjani ◽  
Moustafa El-Gindy ◽  
David Philipps ◽  
Fredrik Öijer ◽  
Inge Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Static And Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Tire Modeling ◽  
Tire Models

Recent advances in power and efficiency of computerized modeling methods has made it easier to develop accurate tire models. These newer models are now created with such accuracy that it has become easy to predict the experimental tire’s behavior and characteristics. These models are helpful with determining tire, tire-road, and tire-soil interaction properties. By creating virtual models, the overall capital for research and development can be reduced as well as replacing unavailable experimental tires for research. This research paper mainly focuses on the validation of computer generated FEA tire models which are then used for the prediction of the experimental tire’s rolling resistance, static and dynamic characteristics. Experimental data, such as rolling resistance and vertical acceleration are used in validation simulations in order to tune the virtual model to match the experimental tire’s behavior. The tire that was used for this research is a six-groove 445/50R22.5 FEA truck tire, which was constructed and validated over the course of this research.

Rigid ring with Bouc–Wen tire model for vehicle dynamic analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (19) ◽  
pp. 3530-3540
Author(s):  
SD Na ◽  
DW Park ◽  
WS Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ride Quality ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic ◽  
Static State ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Suspension Model

Tires are one of the main automobile components that affect driving performance and ride quality. The rigid ring tire model had been widely used to characterise a vehicle rolling over uneven road surfaces. The stiffness of an rigid ring tire is calculated in the quasi-static state; however, this model is limited in its ability to represent the dynamic response of a tire. In this study, a Bouc–Wen type force element was included in the rigid ring tire model to enhance the dynamic response of a tire, and the effectiveness of the proposed rigid ring with Bouc–Wen model was demonstrated. To validate the proposed rigid ring with Bouc–Wen tire model, two experiments were performed. The first one was performed using a flat-trac test system, and the second one was a full-car test performed over a single cleat by using accelerometers and velocity sensors. For the vehicle dynamic simulation, the equations of motion of the vehicle were established using a functional suspension model defined in terms of the kinematic and compliance characteristics of the wheel and chassis. The simulation results obtained using the proposed rigid ring with Bouc–Wen tire model were compared with the experimental results, which showed both efficiency and accuracy of the propsed model.

Rigid–flexible coupled dynamic response of steel–concrete bridges on expressways considering vehicle–road–bridge interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-173
Author(s):  
Enli Chen ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Gaolei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Dynamic Coupling ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Flexible Coupling ◽  
Bridge Model

Steel–concrete bridges on highways are now widely used, and their dynamic coupling effect is more prominent under heavy vehicles. At present, for the study of vehicle–bridge coupling, it is difficult to reflect the mechanical response characteristics of the bridge pavement because the bridge pavement (road) is often considered as a load. In order to get closer to reality, we use the whole vehicle model and the bridge model to realize the dynamic coupling of highway vehicle–bridge. Moreover, the vehicle model can take into account tire characteristics, such as various linear and nonlinear suspension characteristics, and tire–ground contact characteristics. So, a new vehicle–road–bridge interaction method with higher computational efficiency is proposed. This method can be used not only to analyze the overall mechanical response of bridge structure such as deflection and stress but also to analyze the dynamic characteristics of driving vehicles and the coupling force between tires and pavement and then to analyze the dynamic deformation and stress of asphalt pavement layers on the bridge. First, according to the construction drawings of a steel–concrete bridge on a highway and a Dongfeng brand three-axle vehicle, a vehicle–road–bridge interaction rigid–flexible coupling model was established. Second, the correctness and effectiveness of the vehicle–road–bridge interaction model were verified by field testing. Finally, the dynamic response of the vehicle–road–bridge interaction rigid–flexible coupling model was analyzed.

Prediction of Out-of-Plane Rigid Ring Truck Tire Model Parameters Over Flooded Surface Using FEA-SPH Techniques

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab El-Sayegh ◽  
Moustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Inge Johansson ◽  
Fredrik Öijer
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Ring Model ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Out Of Plane

Abstract This paper focuses on predicting the out-of-plane rigid ring model parameters of an off-road truck tire running over a flooded surface. The truck tire size 315/80R22.5 used in this study is modeled using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) technique and validated in static and dynamic responses. The flooded surface is modeled using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) technique and Murnaghan equation of state. The contact between the truck tire and a flooded surface is defined using node-symmetric node-to segment contact with edge treatment algorithm. The out-of-plane rigid ring tire model parameters include the lateral stiffness, cornering stiffness, self-aligning moment stiffness, and relaxation length. The out-of-plane rigid ring model parameters are computed at different operating conditions including various inflation pressures, vertical loads and water depth. The effect of the previously mentioned operating conditions on the tire-flooded surface interaction is examined and investigated.

Prediction of Tire Ground Interaction Using FEA Truck Tire Models

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustam Ali ◽  
Moustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Ranvir Dhillon ◽  
Trivedi Mukesh ◽  
Fredrik Öijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Slip Angle ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Camber Angle ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Deflection Test ◽  
Tire Models

The advancement of computerized modeling has allowed for the creation of extensive pneumatic tire models. These models have been used to determine many tire properties and tire-road interaction parameters which are either prohibitively expensive or unavailable with physical models. This paper focuses on the prediction of tire-ground interaction with emphasis on individual and combined effect of tire slip angle and camber angle at various operating parameters. The forces generated at tire contact such as rolling resistance, cornering force, aligning moment and overturning moment can be predicted and used to optimize the tire design parameters. In addition to above stated, the three-groove FEA truck tire model representing radial-ply tire of size 295/75R22.5 was used in vertical load deflection test to determine enveloping characteristics under various load conditions and inflation pressures.

Dynamic Response Predictions of a Truck Tire Using Detailed Finite Element and Rigid Ring Models

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seokyong Chae ◽  
Moustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Mukesh Trivedi ◽  
Inge Johansson ◽  
Fredrik O¨ijer
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Tangential Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

A detailed nonlinear finite element (FE) model of a radial-ply truck tire has been developed using an explicit FE code, PAM-SHOCK. The tire model was constructed to its extreme complexity with three-dimensional solid, layered membrane, and beam elements. In addition to the tire model itself, a rim model was included and rotated with the tire with proper mass and rotational inertial effects. The predicted tire responses, such as vertical stiffness, cornering force, and aligning moment, correlated very well to physical measurements. For complete vehicle simulations, a faster and simplified tire model is required for efficient analysis through-put. The behavior of such a tire model can be verified and improved by comparing responses with the developed FE model. Moreover, the parameters needed for the simplified model can be determined by the developed model instead of having to rely on tire measurements. The in-plane sidewall transitional stiffness and damping constants of the FE tire model were determined by rotating the tire on a cleat-drum. The other constants, such as in-plane rotational stiffness and damping constants, were determined by applying and releasing a tangential force on the rigid tread band of the FE tire model. The tire axle, spindle, and reaction force histories at longitudinal and vertical directions were recorded. In addition, the FFT algorithm was applied to examine the transient response in frequency domain. The tire steering characteristics were also determined. These parameters were used as input for a simplified rigid ring tire model. This study will discuss the results obtained from both the developed tire and the rigid ring tire models while both models are rolling at 12 mph constant linear speed and loading range of 13,345 N (3,000 lbs) to 53,378 N (12,000 lbs). The dynamic responses for the developed FE tire model were compared with the dynamics predicted using the rigid ring model. The results will show a successful attempt to capture the transient response of a tire rolling over a complex road profile.

A Modified Dugoff Tire Model for Combined-slip Forces

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenggen Ding ◽  
Saied Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Magic Formula ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Road Friction ◽  
On Line ◽  
Double Lane Change ◽  
Tire Forces ◽  
Tire Models

Abstract Easy-to-use tire models for vehicle dynamics have been persistently studied for such applications as control design and model-based on-line estimation. This paper proposes a modified combined-slip tire model based on Dugoff tire. The proposed model takes emphasis on less time consumption for calculation and uses a minimum set of parameters to express tire forces. Modification of Dugoff tire model is made on two aspects: one is taking different tire/road friction coefficients for different magnitudes of slip and the other is employing the concept of friction ellipse. The proposed model is evaluated by comparison with the LuGre tire model. Although there are some discrepancies between the two models, the proposed combined-slip model is generally acceptable due to its simplicity and easiness to use. Extracting parameters from the coefficients of a Magic Formula tire model based on measured tire data, the proposed model is further evaluated by conducting a double lane change maneuver, and simulation results show that the trajectory using the proposed tire model is closer to that using the Magic Formula tire model than Dugoff tire model.

A Double Interaction Brush Model for Snow Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-140
Author(s):  
Artem Kusachov ◽  
Fredrik Bruzelius ◽  
Mattias Hjort ◽  
Bengt J. H. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Low Complexity ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Vehicle Handling ◽  
Real Time Applications ◽  
Snow Conditions ◽  
Double Interaction ◽  
Tire Models ◽  
Force Characteristics ◽  
Model Approach

ABSTRACT Commonly used tire models for vehicle-handling simulations are derived from the assumption of a flat and solid surface. Snow surfaces are nonsolid and may move under the tire. This results in inaccurate tire models and simulation results that are too far from the true phenomena. This article describes a physically motivated tire model that takes the effect of snow shearing into account. The brush tire model approach is used to describe an additional interaction between the packed snow in tire tread pattern voids with the snow road surface. Fewer parameters and low complexity make it suitable for real-time applications. The presented model is compared with test track tire measurements from a large set of different tires. Results suggest higher accuracy compared with conventional tire models. Moreover, the model is also proven to be capable of correctly predicting the self-aligning torque given the force characteristics.

Techniques for Determining the Parameters of a Two-Dimensional Tire Model for the Study of Ride Comfort

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mancosu ◽  
G. Matrascia ◽  
F. Cheli
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Ring Model ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
And Performance

Abstract A rigid ring model of the tire for the study of in-plane dynamics and a new technique for determining the parameters of the model are presented in this paper. This model can be used for studying the comfort of vehicles, problems of driving, and braking problems in the longitudinal direction. Comparison with finite element models shows that the rigid ring model of the tire is capable of describing the in-plane eigenmode shapes in the frequency range of 0–130 Hz. The well-known “brush model,” integrated into the tire model, is introduced to take into account the slide phenomena in the contact patch. The parameters of the model can be correlated with the physical properties of the tire so that designers can take advantage of such a correlation in the development of new tires in terms of time, cost, and performance. The technique used to determine the parameters of the model for some automobile tires include the direct measurements of some physical properties (mass, moment of inertia, stiffness) and a method of identification applied on the results from a dynamic test. The model is able to predict experimental data in terms of natural frequencies and relative dampings. Results from the application of this technique on two tires are reported.

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