PERANCANGAN ALAT UJI DEFLEKSI BATANG KANTILEVER FLEKSIBEL

Deflection is the change in shape experienced by the beam in the y direction due to the vertical loading applied to the beam or bar. Cantilever rods are if one end of the beam/rod is clamped and the other end is free. In this study, a flexible cantilever rod deflection test device was designed. This tool is used to determine the deflection/deflection that occurs in the beam/strip plate after being given a load. The method used is library research, a data collection method that is carried out by reading, studying, and researching the relevant literature with the title of this thesis which aims to collect data and analyze a theoretical understanding. This research will focus on designing and testing flexible cantilever rod deflection test equipment and utilizing beam/ strip plate as a test specimen for flexible cantilever rods. This tool has a height of 100 cm and a width of 90 cm and this tool is equipped with an HC-SR04 sensor which is directly connected to a digital number. The results of testing the strip plate with a load of 1 kg and 1.5 kg using the HC-SR04 sensor showed that the deflection at the smallest end was 20 mm, and the largest value was 30 mm. the theoretical calculation with equation (2-9) obtained the smallest result of 1.06 mm and the largest value of 3.5 mm.Defleksi adalah perubahan bentuk yang dialami balok pada arah y akibat adanya pembebanan vertikal yang diberikan terhadap balok atau batang. Batang kantilever yaitu jika salah satu ujung balok/batang dijepit dan yang ujung lain bebas. Pada penelitian ini dirancang sebuah alat uji defleksi batang kantilever fleksibel alat ini difungsikan untuk menentukan lendutan/defleksi yang terjadi pada beam/plat strip setelah diberi beban. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan penelitian kepustakaan suatu metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan secara membaca, mempelajari, dan meneliti literature-literature yang relevan dengan judul skripsi ini yang bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan data dan menganalisa suatu pengertian yang bersifat teoritis. Pada penelitian ini akan berfokus pada perancangan dan uji coba alat uji defleksi batang kantilever fleksibel dan memanfaatkan beam/plat strip sebagai bahan spesimen uji batang kantilever fleksibel. Alat ini mempunyai tinggi 100 cm dan lebar 90 cm dan alat ini dilengkapi dengan sensor HC-SR04 yang langsung terhubung dengan digital number. Hasil pengujian plat strip beban 1 kg, dan 1.5 kg menggunakan sensor HC-SR04 didapatkan hasil defleksi pada ujung yang terkecil yaitu 20 mm, dan pada nilai yang terbesar 30 mm. pada perhitungan secara teoritis dengan persamaan (2-9) didapatkan hasil terkecil 1.06 mm dan nilai yang terbesar 3.5 mm.

Anaology of Jute Fiber with Mud Crab Shell and Mussels Shell Powder Filler Reinforced Isopthalic Polyester Resin Based Composites

Jute fibers are totally biodegradable and recyclable substances, i.e., environmentally friendly substances. The contemporary annual global production of jute fiber is ready 3. 2 million tons and used for diverse packages. Various research is being accomplished to discover a suitable substitute for the nonbio degradable plastic strengthened composites, which has a negative effect at the environment. The mercerization technique is executed the use of 8% of sodium in water to form the sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The property of the fabric is similarly promoted with the aid of adding mud crab shell powder and mussels shell powder all through the hand moulding process. The composite fabric is evolved with the assist of isophthalic polyester resin with 2% of accelerator and hardener used at the side of it. Experiments are executed as according to ASTM requirements to discover the mechanical properties. In addition to mechanical properties HDT(Heat Deflection Test) and rate of burning test are done. With help of the studies and study,Jute fabric mat can be used as an alternate for plastic components (non bio degradable).

On the Relation between Strength and Stiffness of Cable Tray

In order to realize the optimal design of the cable supporting system for the purpose of material saving and energy saving and green manufacturing, the strength-stiffness ratio is proposed in the paper in nondimensional form, which defines quantitatively the relation between the static load strength and stiffness of the cable tray. On the premise of ensuring service safety, the correlation between the strength and stiffness of the cable tray under static load is discussed extensively through the theoretical analysis of the mechanical model. The weakest link in the carrying capacity of the cable tray as well as the issue that needs to pay attention is proposed in the process of design and the test of the cable tray. A reasonable strength-stiffness ratio will help to make full use of the potential of material strengths. The value of the strength-stiffness ratio is obtainable by means of the finite element method or by the loading test of the cable tray. It is shown through the analysis that the value of the strength-stiffness ratio being setting in the range close to but less than 1 will make comparatively reasonable material utilization and will help the deflection test going smoothly to obtain a relatively safer allowable working load for the cable tray.

Using portable falling weight deflectometer to determine treatment depth of subgrades in highway reconstruction of Southern China

Based on a highway reconstruction project in southern China, this study aims to put forward a method to determine the proper treatment depth of the existing subgrade. First, some field tests including the Beckman beam deflection test and portable falling weight deflectometer (PFWD) test were carried out. The results showed that there was a good correlation between the Beckman beam deflection (L) and PFWD modulus (Ep). Subsequently, a subgrade section was excavated and backfilled with cement-stabilized soil in layers. Compaction test, dynamic cone penetrometer rate test, plate load test and Beckman beam deflection test were performed to evaluate the treatment effect. To make sure, the subgrade was treated deeply enough, the Beckman beam deflection (L) was used as the controlled indicator among all the measured indexes for it was the hardest metric to meet. According to the design deflection and decreasing law of the measured deflections with the different number of the stabilized layers, the treatment depth was finally determined. As the PFWD test is superior to the deflection test in the detection efficiency, and the deflection value can be calculated from PFWD modulus by correlation formulas, thus the latter index can be used as a more suitable parameter for estimating the treatment depth instead of the former. Consequently, based on the measured PFWD moduli of the existing subgrade, six treatment schemes considering different treatment depths were proposed. It was confirmed that the method developed from this study is feasible and worth being extensively applied.

Experimental analysis and research on flexural properties of reinforced concrete composite beams

In order to further study the flexural properties of reinforced concrete beams after composite reinforcement, three composite beams and one cast-in-situ beam were tested under static load focusing on the bearing capacity, the law of crack development and the change of deflection. Test results demonstrate the yield strength, ultimate bending strength, and deflection of the composite beams are similar to those of the cast-in-situ beam, which confirms that the reinforced concrete composite beams can be used for reinforcement purposes in engineering projects.

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Banana and Glass-Epoxy Hybrid Composites with Addition of Copper Powder

More studies have been made in recent years on the fibre reinforced polymer. Natural fibres play an important role in modern FRPs. To obtain higher mechanical properties, glass fibres are incorporated to prepare hybrid FRP composites. Present study, focuses the effect of adding the copper metal powder in polymer matrix i.e. the metal powder is mixed in the resin with varying proportions along with the banana and glass fibres. Five laminates were fabricated by varying the copper content from 1% to 5% and keeping the banana and glass fibres weight as common. The study concentrates on mechanical properties of the obtained hybrid composites. Good flexural and ultimate tensile strengths were obtained. The flame deflection test shows the hybrid composite is not suitable for high temperature application as it breaks the bond between the resin and the reinforcements due to thermal conductivity of copper.

Evaluation of Self Weight Deflection Property of GFRTP Laminate at Moulding Temperature and Formability Simulation of Diaphragm Forming

The application of Glass Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastics (GFRTP) is expected to reduce the weight of automobiles. In order to use GFRTP for automotive parts, it is essential to apply Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) technology. Until now, prepreg sheets with thermosetting resin matrix are assumed to be used for materials in simulation software. When FRTP is applied for materials in simulation software, it is required to grasp the characteristics of FRTP under moulding temperature. In our previous study, a system capable of evaluating the tensile properties of FRTP laminates at moulding temperatures had been developed and their tensile properties had been evaluated. Bending stiffness under moulding temperature is also required for simulation software. While bending stiffness can be determined using Young's modulus for isotropic materials, thermoplastic prepregs have large anisotropy, especially at moulding temperature. In this study, a system that enables self-weight deflection test of thermoplastic resin laminate under moulding temperature was developed and self-weight deflection characteristics of plain weave GFRTP were evaluated. The analysed results in which the bending stiffness under the moulding temperature of GFRTP was taken into account, gave the most suitable results to the experimental results.

Analysis of Prosthetic Running Blade of Limb Using Different Composite Materials

Prostheses are used as an alternative to organs lost from the body. Flex-Foot Cheetah is considered one of the lower limb prostheses used in high-intensity activities such as running. This research focused on testing two samples of Flex-Foot Cheetah manufactured of two various materials (carbon, glass) with polyester and compare between them to find the foot with the best performance in running on the level of professional athlete. In the numerical analysis, the maximum principal stress, maximum principal elastic strain, strain energy; finally, the blade total deformation were calculated for both feet. In experimental work, the load-deflection test was done for foot to calculate the bending the results were very close to the numerical results and the curve of the carbon foot sample was lower than that for the glass foot sample that indicates the strength of carbon fiber.