Sustainability of Fiber Reinforced Composites: Status and Vision for Future

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi K. Kalla ◽  
P. S. Dhanasekaran ◽  
Bangwei Zhang ◽  
Ramazan Asmatulu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Frp Composite ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Sustainability Problems ◽  
Future Vision

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite products offer many significant environmental benefits such as light weight, superior mechanical properties, extended service life, low maintenance and resistance to corrosion. But until now it has been difficult to compare sustainability of different FRP materials and production for processes. Concern for the environment, both in terms of limiting the use of finite resources and the need to manage waste disposal, has led to increasing pressure to recycle materials. This paper focuses on two issues that must be addressed to ensure continued growth in FRP usage is the disposal of waste generated during product manufacturing and the disposal of the products at the end of their useful life. The major cost drivers for FRPs are labor and raw materials. The use of recycled FRPS offers low-cost raw materials. This paper presents a review of the current status and outlook of FRP composites recycling and re-manufacturing techniques. A future vision for the use of FRP composites with sustainability applications is underway at many university research institutes and in industries. This paper will also state the sustainability problems of fiber reinforced composite products, and potential solutions.

Application of lean practices in small and medium-sized food enterprises

2013 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Dora ◽  
Dirk Van Goubergen ◽  
Maneesh Kumar ◽  
Adrienn Molnar ◽  
Xavier Gellynck
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lean Practices ◽  
The Status ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Purpose – Recent literature emphasizes the application of lean manufacturing practices to food processing industries in order to improve operational efficiency and productivity. Only a very limited number of studies have focused on the implementation of lean manufacturing practices within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the food sector. The majority of these studies used the case study method and concentrated on individual lean manufacturing techniques geared towards resolving efficiency issues. This paper aims to analyze the status of the lean manufacturing practices and their benefits and barriers among European food processing SMEs. Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data. A total of 35 SMEs' representatives, mostly CEOs and operations managers, participated in the survey. The study investigated the role of two control variables in lean implementation: size of the company and country of origin. Findings – The findings show that lean manufacturing practice deployment in food processing SMEs is generally low and still evolving. However, some lean manufacturing practices are more prevalent than others; e.g. flow, pull and statistical process control are not widely used by the food processing SMEs, whereas total productive maintenance, employee involvement, and customer association are more widespread. The key barriers encountered by food SMEs in the implementation of lean manufacturing practices result from the special characteristics of the food sector, such as highly perishable products, complicated processing, extremely variable raw materials, recipes and unpredictable demand. In addition, lack of knowledge and resources makes it difficult for food processing SMEs to embark on the lean journey. Originality/value – The gap in the literature regarding the application of lean manufacturing in the food sector is identified and addressed in this study. The originality of this paper lies in analyzing the current status of the use of lean manufacturing practices among food SMEs in Europe and identifying potential barriers.

Impact response of a low-cost randomly oriented fiber foam core sandwich panel

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (25) ◽  
pp. 3429-3444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Buenrostro ◽  
Daniel Whisler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Foam Core ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Three-dimensional fiber-reinforced foam cores may have improved mechanical properties under specific strain rates and fiber volumes. But its performance as a core in a composite sandwich structure has not been fully investigated. This study explored different manufacturing techniques for the three-dimensional fiber-reinforced foam core using existing literature as a guideline to provide a proof of concept for a low-cost and easily repeatable method comprised of readily available materials. The mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced foam were determined using a three-point bend test and compared to unreinforced polyurethane foam. The foam was then used in a sandwich panel and subjected to dynamic loading by means of a gas gun (103 s−1). High-strain impact tests validated previously published studies by showing, qualitatively and quantitatively, an 18–20% reduction in the maximum force experienced by the fiber-reinforced core and its ability to dissipate the impact force in the foam core sandwich panel. The results show potential for this cost-effective manufacturing method to produce an improved composite foam core sandwich panel for applications where high-velocity impacts are probable. This has the potential to reduce manufacturing and operating costs while improving performance.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Low Melting Point Alloy Matrix Composites: Mechanical Properties and Microstructures

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3463
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Xiaoyong Tian ◽  
Lixian Yin ◽  
Dichen Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Interfacial Microstructure ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Alloy Matrix

A novel 3D printing route to fabricate continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite (CFRMMC) is proposed in this paper. It is distinguished from the 3D printing process of polymer matrix composite that utilizes the pressure inside the nozzle to combine the matrix with the fiber. This process combines the metallic matrix with the continuous fiber by utilizing the wetting and wicking performances of raw materials to form the compact internal structures and proper fiber-matrix interfaces. CF/Pb50Sn50 composites were printed with the Pb50Sn50 alloy wire and modified continuous carbon fiber. The mechanical properties of the composite specimens were studied, and the ultimate tensile strength reached 236.7 MPa, which was 7.1 times that of Pb50Sn50 alloy. The fracture and interfacial microstructure were investigated and analyzed. The relationships between mechanical properties and interfacial reactions were discussed. With the optimized process parameters, several composites parts were printed to demonstrate the advantages of low cost, short fabrication period and flexibility in fabrication of complex structures.

scholarly journals A Short Review on 3-d Printing of FRP Composites Using Stereolithography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Dutt Gautam ◽  
◽  
Sunita Rani ◽  
Sudhanshu Raghuwanshi ◽  
Samendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Frp Composite ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Application Specific

A higher product diversification range with excellent physical, mechanical and chemical properties make Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials a prominent candidate for engineering applications. But, conventional manufacturing techniques always face critical issues during the development of FRP's complex and intrinsic profile. In recent years, Additive Manufacturing (AM) or 3-D printing proves itself a robust technique to produce application-specific parts of FRP composites with a higher degree of customization. In comparison to other 3D printing techniques, Stereolithography (SLA) is able to create mechanically stable objects with higher processing speed. This information paves the way for the present review article. This paper reviews the recent advancement of SLA technique to develop objects of FRP composite materials.

scholarly journals Improving the Adhesion of BFRP Strips to the Concrete Surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
Hasan Hüseyin Akbalık ◽  
Ali Sarıbıyık
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Adhesion Ability ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Frp Composite ◽  
Reinforced Polymer

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites are widely used in repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete structural elements. The FRP composite adhered to the concrete surface may be separated from the concrete surface in the form of debonding before reaching the ultimate strength. Epoxy resin, concrete strength, fiber properties and application method have an important role in bonding of FRP composites to concrete surfaces. In this study, concrete beam specimens were produced in order to investigate the adhesion of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) composites to the concrete surface using conventional concretes. Stress distribution between concrete and BFRP was investigated by opening a gap in the bottom center of the samples. Unidirectional basalt fiber fabric was used in the production of the test specimens. The effects of concrete surface properties and U winding method on the end of fiber adhesion ability were investigated by bonding BFRP composite to the lower surfaces of the Specimens. Specimens were tested by four point bending experiment. According to the results obtained, the grinding of the concrete surface and the U-winding method significantly improve the adhesion.”

Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Bridges in West Virginia

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimala Shekar ◽  
Samer H. Petro ◽  
Hota V. S. GangaRao
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Frp Composite ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Composite Bridges ◽  
Low Volume

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been used more often over the past decade than before in new construction as well as in repair of deteriorated bridges. Many of these bridges are on low-volume roads, where they receive very little attention. It is imperative that new bridge construction or repair be long lasting, nearly maintenance free, and as economical as possible. Relative to those factors, FRP composite bridges have been found to be structurally adequate and feasible because of their reduced maintenance cost and limited environmental impact (i.e., no harmful chemicals leaching into the atmosphere with longer service life). In West Virginia, 23 FRP composite bridges have been constructed, among which 18 are built on low-volume roads that have an average daily traffic (ADT) of less than 1,000, including 7 with ADT less than 400. General FRP composite bridge geometry and preliminary field responses are presented as are some of the preliminary construction specifications and cost data of FRP composite bridges built on low-volume roads in West Virginia

On the Sliding Friction Characteristics of Unidirectional Continuous FRP Composites

2001 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinguo Ning ◽  
Michael R. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Fiber Material ◽  
Parabolic Cylinder ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Frp Composite

By applying a closed-form analytical solution Hwu and Fan (1998) for an anisotropic half-plane, the contact characteristics of unidirectional continuous fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites are investigated. The particular condition of a rigid parabolic cylinder in normal sliding contact with the composite is evaluated. The influence of FRP composite matrix material, friction coefficient, fiber material, fiber orientation, and fiber volume fraction on the surface contact pressure are determined and evaluated by comparison to published experimental data and results from the finite element method. From the analytical results, several important trends for the contact characteristics of fiber-reinforced plastics are ascertained and discussed with respect to the wear and design-ability of FRP materials.

Design of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Piles Under Vertical and Lateral Loads

2003 ◽  
Vol 1849 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Han ◽  
J. David Frost ◽  
Vicki L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Frp Composite ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Current Design

Conventional pile materials, such as steel, concrete, and wood, can encounter serious corrosion problems in industrial and marine environments. Deterioration of steel, concrete, and wood piling systems has cost the military and civilian marine and waterfront civil engineering communities billions of dollars to repair and replace. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have desirable properties for extreme environments because they are noncorrosive, nonconductive, and lightweight. Different types of FRP composite piles are currently under research investigation, and some have been introduced to the marketplace. FRP composites have been used as internal reinforcement in concrete piles; as external shells for steel, concrete, and timber piles; and as structural piles such as FRP pipe piles, reinforced plastic piles, and plastic fender piles. The different ways of constituting FRP composite piles result in different behavioral effects. Because FRP structural piles have anisotropic properties, low section stiffness, and high ratios of elastic to shear modulus, they have different behavior in load-displacement relations under vertical and lateral loads. Current design methods for conventional piles were examined to determine the validity for FRP composite piles, and some new design methods specific to FRP structural piles were developed from research work conducted by the authors.

PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD PRODUCTION OF FEEDS FOR AQUACULTURE: ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Lina Yurievna Lagutkina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
World Industry ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Current

The author of the article discloses the prospects of development of the world feed production for aquaculture based on the analysis of key innovative technological and market trends. The author specifies that shortage, high cost, low ecological compatibility of traditional raw materials - fish flour - are among major limiting factors in the development of production of feeds for aquaculture. This fact, in turn, limits sustainable development of aquaculture both in Russia, and in the world in general. The article presents the overview of a current status of the world industry of feed production in aquaculture, where the regional situation is studied, as well. For the first time, there is given the outlook of innovative technologies in feed production based on the alternative sources of protein (on the example of projects of leading aquabiotechnological companies) which will determine industry’s objectives for the mid-term perspective.

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