Effects of Kitchen Hood System on Thermal Comfort and Carbon Dioxide Gas Emission From an Urban Residential Kitchen in Developing Countries

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hamidur Rahman ◽  
A. K. M. Sadrul Islam ◽  
M. Ruhul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
The Right

In this study, a typical kitchen having a standard dimension of 213cm × 243cm × 305cm was modelled with single open door exit. Steady state simulations were performed using three dimensional CFD code with appropriate boundary conditions. Two heat sources were used for modelling the kitchen that resembles the double burner gas stoves of urban residential kitchen in developing countries. In earlier works, the predictions were validated at an optimum grid resolution and the results were presented for thermal comfort [1] and carbon dioxide gas emission [2] under natural, forced and no ventilation cases. In the present work, a kitchen hood system is introduced and the results are presented for both thermal comfort and carbon dioxide gas emission. A comparative analysis has also been reported for the kitchen with and without the hood system. It was observed that the carbon dioxide gas concentration reduced significantly within the breathing zone due to use of kitchen hood system. In the breathing zone, the CO2 concentration is only 500 PPM which is 10 times lower than the close vent case. However, accumulation of high concentration gas was seen in the upper region of the breathing zone. Maximum CO2 concentration was seen about 4500 PPM at 1.2 m height from the breathing point near the roof of the kitchen. Analysis of thermal distributions revealed that high temperature zone in the right and frontal region of the cook’s position exists even for the case with kitchen hood system.

Numerical Study of Carbon Dioxide Gas Emission From an Urban Residential Kitchen in Developing Countries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hamidur Rahman ◽  
A. K. M. Sadrul Islam ◽  
M. Ruhul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas

Lack of proper ventilation of exhaust fumes from gas fired stoves in residential kitchens is a major health concern for some populations. It could even cause destruction of property, reduced quality of life and lifespan. In this study, a typical kitchen having a standard dimension of 21.3 m × 24.3 m × 30.5 m was modeled with single open door exit. Two heat sources were used for modeling the kitchen that resembles the double burner gas stove of an urban residential kitchen in developing countries. Steady state simulations were performed using a three dimensional CFD code with appropriate boundary conditions. The present numerical method was validated by comparing with the experimental data reported by Posner et al. [1]. The comparison showed very reasonable agreement. A grid independence test was also performed to determine the optimum grid resolution reflecting the accuracy of the numerical solution. The results are presented for carbon dioxide gas emission from the stove exhaust and dispersion within the kitchen space. A comparative analysis between the ventilation (natural and forced) and no ventilation conditions is also reported in this study. The location of the breathing zone was at a height of 73 cm and at a distance of 33 cm from the center of the two burners. Very high concentration (above 5000 PPM) of carbon dioxide gas was observed at the plane passing the breathing zone. Exposure to this environment for longer time may cause serious health damage of the occupants [2]. As per Wisconsin Department of Health Services of USA [2], over 5,000 PPM exposures to CO2 lead to serious oxygen deficit resulting in permanent brain damage, coma and even death.

Numerical Study of Carbon Dioxide Gas Emission From an Urban Residential Kitchen in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hamidur Rahman ◽  
A. K. M. Sadrul Islam ◽  
M. Ruhul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Co2 Gas

Lack of proper ventilation of exhaust fumes from gas fired stoves in residential kitchens is a major health concern for some populations. It could even cause destruction of property, and reduce quality of life and lifespan. In this study, a typical kitchen having a standard dimension of 2.13 m × 2.43 m × 3.05 m was modeled with single open door exit. Two heat sources were used for modeling the kitchen that resembles the double burner gas stove of an urban residential kitchen in developing countries. Steady-state simulations were performed using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (cfd) code with appropriate boundary conditions. The present numerical method was validated by comparing with the experimental data reported by Posner et al. (2003, “Measurement and Prediction of Indoor Air Flow in a Model Room,” J. Energy Build., 35(5), pp. 515–526). The comparison showed very reasonable agreement. A grid independence test was also performed to determine the optimum grid resolution reflecting the accuracy of the numerical solution. The results are presented for carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emission from the stove exhaust and dispersion within the kitchen space. A comparative analysis between the ventilation (natural and forced) and no ventilation conditions is also reported in this study. The location of the breathing zone was at a height of 73 cm and at a distance of 33 cm from the center of the two burners. Very high concentration (above 5000 ppm) of CO2 gas was observed at the plane passing the breathing zone. Exposure to this environment for longer time may cause serious health damage of the occupants (http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/eh/chemfs/fs/carbondioxide.htm). As per the Wisconsin Department of Health Services of USA, over 5000 ppm exposures to CO2 lead to serious oxygen deficit resulting in permanent brain damage, coma, and even death.

Effects of the Position of Kitchen Hood Suction on Thermal Comfort and Carbon Dioxide Gas Emission from an Urban Residential Kitchen in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hamidur Rahman ◽  
A.K.M. Sadrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Gas Stoves

In this study, a typical kitchen having a standard dimension of 213cm × 243cm × 305cm was modeled with single open door exit. Steady state simulations were performed using three dimensional commercial CFD solver with appropriate boundary conditions. Two heat sources were used for modelling the kitchen that resembles the double burner gas stoves of urban residential kitchen in developing countries. In the earlier works, for the same model the predictions validated at an optimum grid resolution and the results have been presented for thermal comfort, carbon dioxide gas emission under natural, forced and no ventilation cases. The effect of kitchen hood system on the thermal comfort and emission has also been analyzed. In this present work, three different positions of the kitchen hood suction have been studied for the effect on thermal distribution and emission rate. The investigated positions of the kitchen hood are the Front, Top and Bottom with respect to the gas stove. It was observed that both front and bottom hood extraction method significantly reduces the emissions to well below the safe limit. They also can maintain thermal comfort quite well inside the kitchen space.

Numerical Study of CO and CO2 Emissions From Rural Kitchen in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hamidur Rahman ◽  
A. K. M. Sadrul Islam ◽  
M. Ruhul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Forced Ventilation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ventilation Condition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Source Concentration

In this study the pattern and varying intensity of CO and CO2 emission from different kinds of Biofuel used in the rural areas of developing countries have been investigated. A typical rural kitchen of dimension 3.0m × 1.5m × 2.2m is constructed with an improved concrete oven. We have measured the source concentration at the stove and used the value for the numerical model. In the current analysis it is observed that at closed ventilation condition, CO and CO2 concentration exceeds safe limiting value. Even under the natural ventilation, it fails to keep the concentration below the safe threshold. However in forced ventilation system at 5m/s, the concentration level drops significantly. At the breathing point, for a source concentration of 338 PPM and without any ventilation, numerical results predict the CO concentration to be 70 PPM. Natural ventilation case shows no improvement while forced ventilation suppresses the concentration by 70%. On the other hand, for a no ventilation condition, CO2 concentration is found to be as 2050 PPM when the source level concentration is 7100 PPM. Forced ventilation at 5m/s decreases the concentration to 750 PPM, well within the safe limit. High concentration was found to accumulate beneath the roof and on the top of the stove. It is then dispersed to the entire upper region of the kitchen. Deploying a duct in the exact spot shows that forced ventilation captures most of the fume and decreases dispersion along the roof. In no ventilation and natural ventilation cases, high concentration accumulation can be observed in the lower-left and lower-right corners, both in longitudinal and lateral planes which eventually affects the breathing zone concentration. On the other hand, for forced ventilation case, concentration at lower-left and lower-right corner is greatly reduced resulting low concentration at the breathing zone.

In Vivo Visualization of Intracardiac Structures With Gaseous Carbon Dioxide

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Oppenheimer ◽  
T. M. Durant ◽  
H. M. Stauffer ◽  
G. H. Stewart ◽  
P. R. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Great Vessels ◽  
Gaseous Carbon Dioxide ◽  
The Right

Carbon dioxide gas was injected a) intravenously, b) into the left heart, c) into the peripheral end of the carotid artery. Resulting cardiovascular and respiratory changes were observed by cinefluorography and by measurements of pressure pulses in various locations. Blood and respiratory gas changes were also observed. All changes were minimal (seconds duration) when the gas was introduced on the right or left side of the circulation. Injection into the peripheral carotid produced no untoward effects. The gas gave good visualization of valves and great vessels. Body position was not an important factor in mortality and morbidity when carbon dioxide was the gas used for contrast visualization by a cinefluorography x-ray technique. Carbon dioxide is a safe contrast medium to use for in vivo study of intracardiac structures. The gas has been used successfully by intravenous injection in human cases.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Rotor Blades on Hot Gas Ingestion Into the Upstream Cavity of an Axial Turbine Stage

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Bohn ◽  
Bernd Rudzinski ◽  
Norbert Sürken ◽  
Wolfgang Gärtner
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Static Pressure Distribution ◽  
Nozzle Guide

The phenomenon of hot gas ingestion through turbine rim seals is experimentally and numerically investigated for a complete stage with nozzle guide vanes and uncooled helicopter turbine rotor blades. In the experimental part, two different geometrical rim seal configurations are examined: 1. a simple axial gap between rotor and stator disk and 2. an axial gap between the rotor disk and a rim seal lip at the periphery of the stator disk. The results obtained are compared to experiments carried out for the same geometry but without rotor blades. The influence of the presence of rotor blades on hot gas ingestion is examined for different parameters such as nondimensional seal flow rate, Reynolds number in the turbine annulus and rotational speed. For the determination of the sealing efficiency measurements of carbon dioxide gas concentration are carried out in the wheelspace. The static pressure distribution in the cavity is measured by means of pressure taps at the stator disk. It is shown that for configuration 1 the presence of rotor blades causes a considerable drop in sealing efficiency whereas for configuration 2 the sealing efficiency increases significantly. In the numerical part results of three-dimensional unsteady CFD calculations for configuration 2 are compared to steady calculations for the same configuration without blades. Predictions of hot gas ingestion and carbon dioxide gas concentration in the hub region and inside the cavity are presented. Special emphasis is put on unsteady effects arising from rotor movement. A local ingestion zone rotating at approximately half rotor speed is numerically predicted. As indicated by the experimental results the rotor blades have a positive influence on the predicted sealing efficiency.

scholarly journals Emisi Gas Metana dan Karbon Dioksida pada Proses Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit PT. Bio Nusantara Teknologi Bengkulu Tengah

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Linarsih Makmun ◽  
Sarto Sarto
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to know, calculate and evaluate the concentration of methane gas and carbon dioxide produced in each wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) pond.Method: This research was a qualitative research, using case study design and explanatory approach. The object of this research was the emission of methane gas and carbon dioxide emitted from 12 WWTP ponds.Results: The highest COD and BOD decrement occurred in pond 4 of 39% COD and 61.2% BOD. The highest total methane gas emission was 1.49 x 109 kg hours-1 (1.49 x 106 tons hour-1) occurring in the morning, while the highest total carbon dioxide emission was 2.59 x 109 kg per hour (2.59 x 106 ton hour-1). Conclusion: The concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide gas produced by each WWTP pool varied greatly depending on temperature, residence time and the amount of mud. Methane gas emissions and carbon dioxide emissions occurred in each WWTP pool with the highest methane gas emission value occurring in pond 3 in the afternoon at 356,64 x 106 mg m-2minute-1 and the highest carbon dioxide emissions occur in pond 3 in the afternoon at 402.145 x 106 mg m-2minute-1. The decrease of COD value in whole anaerobic pool was 52,1% and the decrease of COD value in aerobic pool was 27,2%.

Design and Fabrication of a Carbondioxide Gas Leak Detection System for Oil and Gas Facilities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chibuzor Amaobichukwu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Leakage Detection ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Gas Leak ◽  
The Status ◽  
Arduino Microcontroller ◽  
Led Lights

Abstract In the recent past, there has been cases of carbon dioxide leak related incidents and casualties. Carbon dioxide has been recognized as a significant worthy hazard in the industrial environment for about 100 years. low concentrations of carbon dioxide are not harmful, but on a high concentration can affect the respiratory function and the central nervous system. This prompted the development of this carbon dioxide gas leakage detection system as a safety measure to reduce this risk. This carbon dioxide gas leakage detection is developed with an Arduino microcontroller and an MQ-135 sensor for a highly accurate and fast response system. The detection system incorporates an LCD Screen for displaying the status and level of concentration of the gas leakage, a buzzer as an alarm to give audio alerts, indicating and alerting users on the gas leakage, a number of LED lights to indicate the gas leakage status. The system also incorporates a GSM Module which sends SMS alerts and make calls to users during the gas leakage regardless distance. The Arduino microcontroller is programmed using embedded C++ language and all the peripherals connected to it through its pins. When the detector is in normal state, the LED light is lit on Green to show a normal range in concentration of gases and/or absence of a gas leakage. When there is gas leakage, the system transitions into a harmful state. The system displays the status of the gas leakage on the LCD Screen just as other LED lights light up in conjunction with an alarm buzz giving an audiovisual alarm to the monitoring mobile device. Also, the GSM Module sends out SMS alerts and calls to designated users regardless of their distance from the gas leak vicinity to notify them of the gas leak in order to take immediate action to control the gas leakage situation. The gas leakage detection is not only highly accurate but cheap and portable and can be used for industrial and domestic safety.

scholarly journals The Indoor Air Quality in Laboratory Buildings. A Case Study in Integrated Laboratory of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widya Nilandita ◽  
Ida Munfarida ◽  
M Ratodi ◽  
Dyah Ratri Nurmaningsih ◽  
Dedy Suprayogi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is one of the critical issues in sustainable development related to human health as the primary goal. Sustainable development should address potential human exposure to pollutants and health impacts. The laboratory, as educational support in the university, has specific contaminants, but studies on IAQ and thermal comfort in the laboratory have not been studied. IAQ and thermal comfort in a laboratory are essential as they can affect the work and health of the researchers and staffs. The purpose of this study is to analyze indoor air quality in an integrated laboratory of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. This research is a cross-sectional study. Data analysis was done by a quantitative descriptive method. The air quality parameters in the laboratory were temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. All settings compared to the air quality standard. The analysis on carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, relative humidity (%RH), temperature (∘C) has shown that the indoor air does not exceed the standard according to ASHRAE standard and Health Ministry Regulation with the maximum concentration was 444,3 ppm. The fan installation and increased air filter to controlled humidity are the option to improve the indoor air quality.

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