Development of a Smart Pipe Inspection Gauge for Detection of Pipeline Defects

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Ayodeji Olugboji ◽  
Adinoyi Abdulmajeed Sadiq ◽  
Oluwafemi Olorunsaiye ◽  
David Omeiza Peters ◽  
Babatunde Ayobami Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Pipe Inspection ◽  
Pipeline Inspection

Pipeline defects and oil leakages pose an enormous challenge especially in the oil and gas industries, hence, the need for an effective and economical pipeline inspection system. This work focused on the development of a cost effective In-Line-Inspection tool called a smart pipe inspection gauge (PIG). A Test bed was designed and developed to simulate the impulses experienced by the PIG as it moved along the pipeline. The electronics and sensors embedded in the smart PIG were designed to detect vibrations as it moved along the pipe wall and allowed for the wireless transmission of data collected by the PIG system. The results obtained from the laboratory tests revealed dramatic changes in the vibrational intensity experienced by the smart PIG at various intervals. This validates the use of off-the-shelf sensing equipment with a low cost assembly to detect defects in pipelines.

Automatic tool with adaptive suspension system for high-quality inspection of underwater risers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Suzano Medeiros ◽  
Alan Conci Kubrusly ◽  
Raphael Lydia Bertoche ◽  
Miguel Andrade Freitas ◽  
Claudio Camerini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The inspection of flexible risers is a critical activity to ensure continuous productivity and safety in oil and gas production. The purpose of this paper is to present the design and development of a novel automatic underwater tool for riser inspection that fits the most commonly used riser diameters and significantly improves inspection quality and reduces its operating costs. Design/methodology/approach The mechanical and electronic design of the inspection system is discussed, as well as its embedded sensors and control system. The tool is equipped with a suspension system that is able to adapt to the riser diameter and negotiate obstacles on the pipe wall. Numerical simulations were carried out to analyze the mechanical design, and a hardware-in-the-loop simulation was developed for tuning the control system. Further, experimental results are presented and discussed. Findings Experimental tests in laboratory tanks and shallow seawater have confirmed the effectiveness of the tool for detailed real-time inspection of underwater pipelines. Practical implications The use of the proposed tool will potentially reduce the time and costs for riser inspection, currently performed by divers or high-cost ROVs. Originality/value The authors present a reliable tool able to perform automatic inspections up to 250 m deep in less than 30 min, equipped with a high-definition visual inspection system, composed of full-HD cameras and lasers and a suspension mechanism that can negotiate sharp obstacles in the pipe wall up to 25 mm high. The tool uses a comprehensive control system that autonomously performs a full inspection, collecting sensors data and returning safely to the surface. Its robust design can be used as basis for several other nondestructive techniques, such as ultrasound and X-ray.

Revisiting ASME Strain-Based Dent Evaluation Criterion

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Naim Md Rafi ◽  
Sreekanta Das ◽  
Hossein Ghaednia ◽  
Jorge Silva ◽  
Richard Kania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Evaluation Criterion ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Cyclic Pressure ◽  
Long Run

Oil and gas transmission pipelines can be subjected to concentrated lateral loads and as a result, a dent can form. A dent is a localized defect in the pipe wall in the form of a permanent inward plastic deformation. This kind of defect is a matter of serious concern for the pipeline operator since a rupture or a leak may occur. Dent may not pose an immediate threat to the structural integrity of a pipeline. However, it can possibly hinder the operational and inline inspection activities. In the long run, it can cause a leak or rupture in the pipeline under sustained or cyclic pressure load. Hence, AMSE B31.8 recommends a strain-based criterion for the assessment of dents. This strain-based criterion was developed based on several assumptions. This study was undertaken using full-scale laboratory tests and finite element analyses to review and revisit the ASME strain-based dent evaluation criterion and its assumptions. It was found that some of these assumptions are incorrect, and hence, this dent evaluation criterion can lead to inaccurate estimations of critical (effective) strain values in dents, which in turn can lead to inaccurate assessments of the dents.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Independently Adjustable Large In-Pipe Robot for Long-Distance Pipeline

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3637
Author(s):  
Wentao Zhao ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Jongwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Central Body ◽  
Pipe Inspection ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Pipeline Inspection ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Differential Speed

Large oil and gas pipelines are prone to corrosion and leakage, so in-pipe inspection is necessary. In this article, we show a novel robot mechanism for long-distance pipeline inspection. The robot consists of three crawlers and electric putters, which can adjust their speed and radius independently. Independent adjustment and system self-checking of the robot are achieved through multiple sensors. To make the robot operate efficiently, we studied the influence of size parameters on the forces between the central body and crawler. Moreover, we investigated how to adjust the attitude of the robot through the differential speed of the three crawlers. Static and dynamic simulations of internal forces are presented. The primary experiments indicate that our robot can operate stably in a large steel pipe.

Material Challenges in Arctic Areas

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Marie Horn ◽  
Per Egil Kvaale ◽  
Mons Hauge
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Structural Steels ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration

There is a lack of rules and standards that provide guidelines for material selection and qualification of materials for offshore and onshore structures in arctic areas. Many current standards for low temperature applications such as cryogenic piping and process systems do not reflect the need for low-cost bulk materials for large volume applications such as pipelines and production facilities. The growing focus on oil and gas exploration in arctic areas has raised the need for new standards and industry practice that supports cost effective and safe installation and operation of production and transport facilities in the cold climate. There are materials today that are applicable for low temperature conditions. The grades are often highly alloyed (typically 3–9% Ni) with good toughness properties, but these alloys are expensive compared to conventional steel material grades. Such materials may not be applicable in pipelines, structures and process plants. This challenge can be met in two ways. First, structural steels that are capable of being welded and operated in the cold climate should be developed and qualified. Second, materials for forged and casted components that can be welded to the structural steels should be developed and qualified to fit into the integrated structure or pipeline system. Some actions have been taken to develop new standards e.g. within ISO19906, and actions are being taken in Russia to harmonize their specifications with the international standards, but this is a comprehensive job and the work must be executed in parallel with the development of new steels and welding technology.

scholarly journals The Limpet: A ROS-Enabled Multi-Sensing Platform for the ORCA Hub

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed E. Sayed ◽  
Markus P. Nemitz ◽  
Simona Aracri ◽  
Alistair C. McConnell ◽  
Ross M. McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Offshore Platforms

The oil and gas industry faces increasing pressure to remove people from dangerous offshore environments. Robots present a cost-effective and safe method for inspection, repair and maintenance of topside and marine offshore infrastructure. In this work, we introduce a new immobile multi-sensing robot, the Limpet, which is designed to be low-cost and highly manufacturable, and thus can be deployed in huge collectives for monitoring offshore platforms. The Limpet can be considered an instrument, where in abstract terms, an instrument is a device that transforms a physical variable of interest (measurand) into a form that is suitable for recording (measurement). The Limpet is designed to be part of the ORCA (Offshore Robotics for Certification of Assets) Hub System, which consists of the offshore assets and all the robots (UAVs, drones, mobile legged robots etc.) interacting with them. The Limpet comprises the sensing aspect of the ORCA Hub System. We integrated the Limpet with Robot Operating System (ROS), which allows it to interact with other robots in the ORCA Hub System. In this work, we demonstrate how the Limpet can be used to achieve real-time condition monitoring for offshore structures, by combining remote sensing with signal processing techniques. We show an example of this approach for monitoring offshore wind turbines. We demonstrate the use of four different communication systems (WiFi, serial, LoRa and optical communication) for the condition monitoring process. By processing the sensor data on-board, we reduce the information density of our transmissions, which allows us to substitute short-range high-bandwidth communication systems with low-bandwidth long-range communication systems. We train our classifier offline and transfer its parameters to the Limpet for online classification, where it makes an autonomous decision based on the condition of the monitored structure.

scholarly journals New Monitoring Architectures for underwater oil/Gas Pipeline using Hyper sensors

10.29007/c84d ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda Aldosari ◽  
Raafat Elfouly ◽  
Reda Ammar ◽  
Mohammad Alsulami
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Pipeline Inspection ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
Main Station ◽  
Oil Gas

In this paper we propose new real time architectures for monitoring underwater oil and gas pipelines by using underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN). New monitoring architectures for underwater oil/gas pipeline inspection system combine a real time UWSN with nondestructive In Line Inspection (ILI) technology. These architecture will help in reducing or detecting the pipeline’s defects such as cracks, corrosions, welds, pipeline’s wall thickness ...etc by improving data transfer from the pipeline to the processor to extract useful information and deliver it to the onshore main station. Hence, decreasing delays in default detection.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLATELET COUNT IN THE PREGNANT WOMEN IN IGIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Singh ◽  
Anshuman Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The major risk associated with low platelet count in pregnancy is the increased risk of bleeding during the childbirth or post that. There is an increased blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy and the surgical procedure requires cutting of major blood vessels. Women with thrombocytopenia are at increased risk of losing excessive blood. The risk is more in case of caesarean delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of the Platelet Count in the Pregnant Women in IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India. The present study was planned from duration of January 2019 to June 2019. In the present study 200 pregnant females samples received for the platelet estimation were enrolled in the present study. Clinically platelet indices can be a useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of this disease in pregnant women and can be used as an effective prognostic marker because it correlates with severity of the disease. Platelet count is a simple, low cost, and rapid routine screening test. Hence the data generated from the present study concludes that platelet count can be used as a simple and cost effective tool to monitor the progression of preeclampsia, thereby preventing complications to develop during the gestational period. Keywords: Platelet Count, Pregnant Women, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, etc.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

Sand Free Production Success Through Proven Technology Enabler from An Untapped Heterogeneous Reservoir Zone Utilizing Gravel Pack Replacement Methodology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Anggoro
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Screen Design ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Rules Of Thumb ◽  
Production Success ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Gravel Pack

The Belida field is an offshore field located in Block B of Indonesia’s South Natuna Sea. This field was discovered in 1989. Both oil and gas bearing reservoirs are present in the Belida field in the Miocene Arang, Udang and Intra Barat Formations. Within the middle Arang Formation, there are three gas pay zones informally referred to as Beta, Gamma and Delta. These sand zones are thin pay zones which need to be carefully planned and economically exploited. Due to the nature of the reservoir, sand production is a challenge and requires downhole sand control. A key challenge for sand control equipment in this application is erosion resistance without inhibiting productivity as high gas rates and associated high flow velocity is expected from the zones, which is known to have caused sand control failure. To help achieve a cost-effective and easily planned deployment solution to produce hydrocarbons, a rigless deployment is the preferred method to deploy downhole sand control. PSD analysis from the reservoir zone suggested from ‘Industry Rules of Thumb’ a conventional gravel pack deployment as a means of downhole sand control. However, based on review of newer globally proven sand control technologies since adoption of these ‘Industry Rules of Thumb’, a cost-effective solution could be considered and implemented utilizing Ceramic Sand Screen technology. This paper will discuss the successful application at Block B, Natuna Sea using Ceramic Sand Screens as a rigless intervention solution addressing the erosion / hot spotting challenges in these high rate production zones. The erosion resistance of the Ceramic Sand Screen design allows a deployment methodology directly adjacent to the perforated interval to resist against premature loss of sand control. The robust ceramic screen design gave the flexibility required to develop a cost-effective lower completion deployment methodology both from a challenging make up in the well due to a restrictive lubricator length to the tractor conveyancing in the well to land out at the desired set depth covering the producing zone. The paper will overview the success of multi-service and product supply co-operation adopting technology enablers to challenge ‘Industry Rules of Thumb’ replaced by rigless reasoning as a standard well intervention downhole sand control solution where Medco E&P Natuna Ltd. (Medco E&P) faces sand control challenges in their high deviation, sidetracked well stock. The paper draws final attention to the hydrocarbon performance gain resulting due to the ability for choke free production to allow drawing down the well at higher rates than initially expected from this zone.

Motivating Compliance: Firm Response to Mandatory Disclosure Policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Boland ◽  
Chris E. Hogan ◽  
Marilyn F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Policy Adoption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulated Firms ◽  
Firm Response ◽  
Disclosure Rules ◽  
The Impact

SYNOPSIS Mandatory existence disclosure rules require an organization to disclose a policy's existence, but not its content. We examine policy adoption frequencies in the year immediately after the IRS required mandatory existence disclosure by nonprofits of various governance policies. We also examine adoption frequencies in the year of the subsequent change from mandatory existence disclosure to a disclose-and-explain regime that required supplemental disclosures about the content and implementation of conflict of interest policies. Our results suggest that in areas where there is unclear regulatory authority, mandatory existence disclosure is an effective and low cost regulatory device for encouraging the adoption of policies desired by regulators, provided those policies are cost-effective for regulated firms to implement. In addition, we find that disclose-and-explain regulatory regimes provide stronger incentives for policy adoption than do mandatory existence disclosure regimes and also discourage “check the box” behavior. Future research should examine the impact of mandatory existence disclosure rules in the year that the regulation is implemented. Data Availability: Data are available from sources cited in the text.

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