Stress Analysis of Smart Beam Energy Harvesters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan S. Hosking ◽  
Zahra Sotoudeh
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Beam Equations ◽  
Variational Asymptotic ◽  
Strain Components ◽  
Smart Beam

In this paper, we study fully coupled electromagnetic-elastic behaviors present in the structures of smart beams using variational asymptotic beam sections and geometrically exact fully intrinsic beam equations combined in a consistent theory. We present results for smart beams under various oscillatory loads in both the axial and transverse directions and calculate the corresponding deformations. Recovery equations are employed to construct the full 3D stress and strain components in order to complete a full stress / strain analysis. Smart materials change mechanical energy to electrical energy; therefore, changing the structural dynamic behavior of the structure and its stiffness matrix.

Energy Harvesting From Smart Materials

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan S. Hosking ◽  
Zahra Sotoudeh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Smart Structure ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Beam Equations ◽  
Variational Asymptotic ◽  
Fully Coupled

In this paper, we study fully coupled electromagnetic-elastic behaviors present in the structures of smart beams using variational asymptotic beam sections and geometrically exact fully intrinsic beam equations. We present results for energy harvesting from smart beams under various oscillatory loads in both the axial and transverse directions and calculate the corresponding deformations. The magnitude of these loads are varied to show the generalized trends produced by piezoelectric materials. Smart materials change mechanical energy to electrical energy; therefore, changing the structural dynamic behavior of the structure and its stiffness matrix. A smart structure can be designed to undergo larger loads without changing the surface area of the cross-section.

Investigation of Vibration Energy Harvesting Using Two Cantilevers With Random Input

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Panagiotis Alevras ◽  
Shahrzad Towfighian
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Potential Energy Function ◽  
Excitation Level ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Random Input ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Low Performance

There is a growing interest to convert ambient mechanical energy to electrical energy by vibration energy harvesters. Realistic vibrations are random and spread over a large frequency range. Most energy harvesters are linear with narrow frequency bandwidth and show low performance, which led to creation of nonlinear harvesters that have larger bandwidth. This article presents a simulation study of a nonlinear energy harvester that contains two cantilever beams coupled by magnetic force. One of the cantilever beam is covered partially by piezoelectric material, while the other beam is normal to the first one and is used to create a variable potential energy function. The variable double-well potential function enables optimum conversion of the kinetic energy and thus larger output. The system is modeled by coupled Duffing oscillator equations. To represent the ambient vibrations, the response to Gaussian random input signal (generated by Shinozuka formula) is studied using power spectral density. The effects of different parameters on the system are also investigated. The results show that the double cantilever harvester has a threshold distance, where the harvester can perform optimally regardless of the excitation level. This observation is opposite to that of the conventional fixed magnet cantilever system where the optimal distance varies with the excitation level. Results of this study can be used to enhance energy efficiency of vibration energy harvesters.

scholarly journals Development of Smart Shoes Using Piezoelectric Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Affa Rozana Abdul Rashid ◽  
Nur Insyierah Md Sarif ◽  
Khadijah Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Almost All

The consumption of low-power electronic devices has increased rapidly, where almost all applications use power electronic devices. Due to the increase in portable electronic devices’ energy consumption, the piezoelectric material is proposed as one of the alternatives of the significant alternative energy harvesters. This study aims to create a prototype of “Smart Shoes” that can generate electricity using three different designs embedded by piezoelectric materials: ceramic, polymer, and a combination of both piezoelectric materials. The basic principle for smart shoes’ prototype is based on the pressure produced from piezoelectric material converted from mechanical energy into electrical energy. The piezoelectric material was placed into the shoes’ sole, and the energy produced due to the pressure from walking, jogging, and jumping was measured. The energy generated was stored in a capacitor as piezoelectric material produced a small scale of energy harvesting. The highest energy generated was produced by ceramic piezoelectric material under jumping activity, which was 1.804 mJ. Polymer piezoelectric material produced very minimal energy, which was 55.618 mJ. The combination of both piezoelectric materials produced energy, which was 1.805 mJ from jumping activity.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an Enhanced Coupled-Field Model for PZT Cantilever Bimorph Energy Harvester

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Zhang ◽  
Keith A. Williams ◽  
Zhengchao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Coupled Field

The power source with the limited life span has motivated the development of the energy harvesters that can scavenge the ambient environment energy and convert it into the electrical energy. With the coupled field characteristics of structure to electricity, piezoelectric energy harvesters are under consideration as a means of converting the mechanical energy to the electrical energy, with the goal of realizing completely self-powered sensor systems. In this paper, two previous models in the literatures for predicting the open-circuit and close-circuit voltages of a piezoelectric cantilever bimorph (PCB) energy harvester are first described, that is, the mechanical equivalent spring mass-damper model and the electrical equivalent circuit model. Then, the development of an enhanced coupled field model for the PCB energy harvester based on another previous model in the literature using a conservation of energy method is presented. Further, the laboratory experiments are carried out to evaluate the enhanced coupled field model and the other two previous models in the literatures. The comparison results show that the enhanced coupled field model can better predict the open-circuit and close-circuit voltages of the PCB energy harvester with a proof mass bonded at the free end of the structure in order to increase the energy-harvesting level of the system.

Study of a magnetic SMA-based energy harvester using a corrugated structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2098390
Author(s):  
Omid Safari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zakerzadeh ◽  
Mostafa Baghani
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Magnetic Shape Memory ◽  
Motion Energy ◽  
Corrugated Beam ◽  
Corrugated Structure

In recent years demand for mobile electrical power has been increased and due to this application, energy harvester systems have been developed to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy using smart materials. In this investigation, a novel arrangement of an energy harvester using Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys (MSMAs) is developed. Elements of MSMA are attached to a corrugated beam and their roots are fixed. The way of harvesting energy from this system is based on conversion of vibration motion energy to the magnetic flux gradient. There is a number of copper coils that wrapped around the MSMA elements in a constant magnetic field. If strain or stress field is applied to the MSMA elements, the electrical current is induced to coils. The problem is studied with analytical methods, and for this purpose, MATLAB solver is used. To simulate the behavior of MSMA substance Kiefer and Lagoudas nonlinear model is used. To verify the results, these two arrangements have been analyzed in ABAQUS. To provide the material properties of MSMA elements, UMAT code has been used. It will be shown that size of this MSMA based energy harvester can become smaller with using corrugated beam structure instead of simple cantilever beam.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Signal Response Characteristic of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters Embedded in Pavement

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2770
Author(s):  
Hailu Yang ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Xueli Guo ◽  
Weidong Zhang ◽  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Response Characteristic ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

Piezoelectric pavement energy harvesting is a technological approach to transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. When a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) is embedded in asphalt pavements or concrete pavements, it is subjected to traffic loads and generates electricity. The wander of the tire load and the positioning of the PEH affect the power generation; however, they were seldom comprehensively investigated until now. In this paper, a numerical study on the influence of embedding depth of the PEH and the horizontal distance between a tire load and the PEH on piezoelectric power generation is presented. The result shows that the relative position between the PEH and the load influences the voltage magnitude, and different modes of stress state change voltage polarity. Two mathematic correlations between the embedding depth, the horizontal distance, and the generated voltage were fitted based on the computational results. This study can be used to estimate the power generation efficiency, and thus offer basic information for further development to improve the practical design of PEHs in an asphalt pavement.

scholarly journals Exploration of 2D Ti3C2 MXene for all solution processed piezoelectric nanogenerator applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Zaki Auliya ◽  
Poh Choon Ooi ◽  
Rad Sadri ◽  
Noor Azrina Talik ◽  
Zhi Yong Yau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Polymer ◽  
Load Resistor ◽  
Low Dimensional

AbstractA new 2D titanium carbide (Ti3C2), a low dimensional material of the MXene family has attracted remarkable interest in several electronic applications, but its unique structure and novel properties are still less explored in piezoelectric energy harvesters. Herein, a systematic study has been conducted to examine the role of Ti3C2 multilayers when it is incorporated in the piezoelectric polymer host. The 0.03 g/L of Ti3C2 has been identified as the most appropriate concentration to ensure the optimum performance of the fabricated device with a generated output voltage of about 6.0 V. The probable reasons might be due to the uniformity of nanofiller distribution in the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and the incorporation of Ti3C2 in a polymer matrix is found to enhance the β-phase of PVDF and diminish the undesired α-phase configuration. Low tapping frequency and force were demonstrated to scavenge electrical energy from abundant mechanical energy resources particularly human motion and environmental stimuli. The fabricated device attained a power density of 14 µW.cm−2 at 10.8 MΩ of load resistor which is considerably high among 2D material-based piezoelectric nanogenerators. The device has also shown stable electrical performance for up to 4 weeks and is practically able to store energy in a capacitor and light up a LED. Hence, the Ti3C2-based piezoelectric nanogenerator suggests the potential to realize the energy harvesting application for low-power electronic devices.

scholarly journals Yo-Yo Inspired Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1798
Author(s):  
Deokjae Heo ◽  
Jihoon Chung ◽  
Gunsub Shin ◽  
Minhyeong Seok ◽  
Chanhee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators ◽  
And Function

Recently, as the demand for sustainable and renewable energy to power a large number of small electronics and sensors has increased, various mechanical energy harvesters such as electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric generators have been highlighted because they have no environmental constraints to generate electricity and function as sustainable power sources. Among these generators, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which produce electrical energy via triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, are a promising energy harvesting technology that can utilize existing materials or the structure of existing commercial products. Considering the vast number of independent portable electronics used today, the development of hand-driven TENGs is important. There is great demand for TENG considering both commercial product-inspired designs, which are the merit of TENG itself, and the hand-driven type. However, relevant studies are still lacking, and therefore further studies in these areas are required. In this study, we developed a novel triboelectric nanogenerator (Y-TENG) inspired by the Yo-Yo that can produce a sustainable electric output by hand motion input. One generator of Y-TENG produced a maximum VOC of 10 V and an ICC of 0.7 μA. Peak/root mean square (RMS) voltage output-based quantitative analysis for the optimized number of blades and dielectric material was performed. The proposed Y-TENG was able to continuously light up three light-emitting diodes (LEDs) while the Y-TENG moved up and down.

Electrical energy generation by squeezing graphene-based aerogel in an electrolyte

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshuang Zhou ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Hao Zhu ◽  
Xu Dong ◽  
lvzhou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Portable Power ◽  
Ocean Wave Energy ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Electrical Energy Generation

Mechanical energy harvesters are widely studied because of their diverse applications, such as harvesting of ocean wave energy, self-powered wireless sensors, portable power supplies and so on. To be feasible,...

Energy Harvesting in Discontinuous Processes by Shape Memory Alloys

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Czechowicz ◽  
Sven Langbein
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Energy Harvesters

Heat is often lost unused in industry, commerce and households and is considered a waste product — while there is a lot of energy potential in waste heat. As part of the project “Theasmart”, scientists and companies are exploring just these potentials to find out how the waste product heat can be used for further purposes through the use of an innovative smart materials technology. The goal of the project is the further qualification of shape memory alloys with special focus on thin hysteresis applications for energy harvesting. In certain applications, these metals can be used as a thermal drive, for example for thermal valves or as thermal air flow regulators. Energy efficiency in processes in industrial companies or households could be improved by their use of waste heat. By 2020, the development of thermally driven generators, so-called “energy harvesters”, and the identification of other areas of application is planned. This publication focuses on first steps towards a process tool which can be actuated by waste heat of a thermal annealing sub-process directly, or used as mechanical energy charging device combined with a releasing mechanism.

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