KENTRACK, a Performance-Based Layered Elastic Railway Trackbed Structural Design and Analysis Procedure: A Tutorial

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry G. Rose ◽  
Nithin K. Agarwal ◽  
Justin D. Brown ◽  
Neeharika Ilavala
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Computer Language ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Sample Design ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Performance

KENTRACK is a layer elastic finite element based computer program that can be utilized for a performance-based structural design and analysis of railway trackbeds. Kentrack was initially developed to analyze traditional all-granular layered trackbeds and asphalt layered trackbeds. The versatility was recently expanded to analyze trackbeds containing a combination of granular and asphalt layers. The principle factor in the analysis is to limit vertical compressive stresses on the subgrade. In addition, it is possible to consider the fatigue lives of the various layers relative to the effects of wheel loads, tonnages, environmental conditions and other factors. The service lives of the individual components of the trackbed are predicted by damage analysis for various combinations of traffic, tonnages, subgrade support, component layer properties and thicknesses. The latest version, KENTRACK 3.0, is coded in C#.NET, a popular computer language for achieving accuracy and efficiency. The graphical user interface in the KENTRACK 3.0 provides a technique to analyze trackbeds as structures. It is possible with KENTRACK 3.0 to select trackbed layers and associated thicknesses to satisfy roadbed and trackbed performance requirements. In addition, it is possible to performance-rank different track sectional designs based on the relative importance of the particular track section and track type. The types of roadbed and trackbed configurations are selected to meet each of the various performance ranks. The various steps involved in the calculations are highlighted during the tutorial phase of a sample design calculations and analysis.

Structural Design of Railway Trackbeds: Relative Effects of Various Factors

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Rose ◽  
M. C. Trella ◽  
N. K. Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Computer Language ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Design Program ◽  
The Individual

Layer-elastic, finite-element computer programs are available for performance-based structural design and analysis of railway trackbeds. This paper utilizes the KENTRACK design program. It is possible to consider the fatigue lives of the various layers relative to the imposed wheel loads, tonnages, environmental conditions and other factors. The service lives of the individual components of the trackbed are predicted by damage analysis for various combinations of traffic loadings, accumulated tonnages, subgrade support, and component layer properties and thicknesses. The results are presented graphically. The latest version, KENTRACK 3.0, is utilized. It is coded in C#.NET a popular computer language for achieving accuracy and efficiency. The graphical user interface in the KENTRACK 3.0 provides a technique to analyze trackbeds as structures. It is possible with KENTRACK 3.0 to select individual trackbed layers and associated thicknesses to satisfy roadbed and trackbed performance requirements. In addition, it is possible to performance-rank different track sectional designs based on the relative importance of the particular track section and track type. The types of roadbed and trackbed configurations are selected to meet each of the various performance ranks.

scholarly journals Particulate organic carbon (POC) in relation to other pore water carbon fractions in drained and rewetted fens in Southern Germany

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1615-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fiedler ◽  
B. S. Höll ◽  
A. Freibauer ◽  
K. Stahr ◽  
M. Drösler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Particulate Organic Carbon ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Pore Waters ◽  
Calcareous Fens ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. Numerous studies have dealt with carbon (C) contents in Histosols, but there are no studies quantifying the relative importance of the individual C components in pore waters. For this study, measurements were taken of all the carbon components (particulate organic carbon, POC; dissolved organic carbon, DOC; dissolved inorganic carbon, DIC; dissolved methane, CH4) in the soil pore water of calcareous fens under three different water management regimes (re-wetted, deeply and moderately drained). Pore water was collected weekly or biweekly (April 2004 to April 2006) at depths between 10 and 150 cm. The main results obtained were: (1) DIC (94–280 mg C l−1) was the main C-component. (2) POC and DOC concentrations in the pore water (14–125 mg C l−1 vs. 41–95 mg C l−1) were pari passu. (3) Dissolved CH4 was the smallest C component (0.005–0.9 mg C l−1). Interestingly, about 30% of the POM particles were colonized by microbes indicating that they are active in the internal C turnover. Certainly, both POC and DOC fractions are essential components of the C budget of peatlands. Furthermore, dissolved CO2 in all forms of DIC appears to be an important part of peatland C-balance.

scholarly journals The Career Portfolio: A Practical Job Search Tool

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Woodbury ◽  
Lon Addams ◽  
William Neal
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Typical Process ◽  
A Performance

While resumes and interviews are a part of the typical process of obtaining a job, they are not the only tools that can be used.  A career portfolio is a more complete tool.  In the portfolio, the applicant includes a resume but adds evidence of abilities, knowledge, skills, and potential.  These documents build credibility.  A student who is graduating and seeking an entry-level position would likely include documents produced during academic coursework.  Across a career, such documents would be replaced with projects completed on the job and with the permission of the employer.  It can assist the individual demonstrate qualifications in a performance evaluation or for promotion.  Thus, the career portfolio can be useful in obtaining an internship or entry-level position and throughout a career’s progression.

Reading the Romancero: A journey from the score to the sound with a non-professional choir

2022 ◽  
pp. 030573562110420
Author(s):  
Aoife Hiney
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Musical Development ◽  
Collective Processes ◽  
Musical Interpretation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Inclusive Processes ◽  
Personal Reflections ◽  
Musical Literacy ◽  
A Performance

This case study focuses on the processes involved in co-constructing an interpretation of Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco’s Romancero Gitano with a non-professional choir. Rehearsals began in April 2018 and culminated with a performance in June 2018. In order to develop an understanding of the individual and collective processes involved, data were generated through autoethnography and journaling. These texts tracked our regular weekly rehearsals, any extra individual practice, and the performance experience. Seven journals were subsequently compiled and analyzed together with my autoethnography. The findings show that the bulk of the writings focused on technical questions like correctly executing the information contained in the score, with significantly fewer references to other aspects of musical interpretation, such as timbre, or personal reflections regarding our perception of the music and our journey in learning and performing the work. Furthermore, the texts reveal a hierarchical structure within the choir, especially related to perceived levels of musical literacy and/or institutionalized knowledge. In this article, I discuss the various experiences relating to the process of co-constructing a musical interpretation, together with the potential of journaling to develop reflexive, conscious, and inclusive processes of collective musical development within the context of a non-professional choir.

Talent as Performance

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Haroutounian
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Music Aptitude ◽  
Physical Ability ◽  
National Competition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Performance

The lovely student pianist was bowing graciously to an appreciative audience of music teachers from across the country. She was the junior high winner of a national competition, and her exquisite playing and careful training was apparent. Her performance was no surprise. It was polished and well prepared. As we rustled our programs, searching for the next performer’s name, the junior high cellist awkwardly stepped on stage, tried to adjust the chair and struggled with an endpin that seemed to enjoy sliding rather than sticking to the floor. After a few uncomfortable moments, she nodded to her accompanist and began to play. This performance was a captivating surprise. From the first notes, the audience was caught up in the enthusiasm, excitement, and connection she made with her cello and the music. As she finished, with a flourished release of the bow, the audience spontaneously rose to its feet, shouting “Bravo.” This young teenager, with the simple cotton dress and awkward entrance, stood transfixed. She looked around at her fellow competition winners to see them on their feet as well. She turned, bowed slightly, and gave a shy smile of appreciation. A musician communicates through performance. The recognition of musical talent through performance makes common sense to anyone who is a musician or teacher of musicians. Music aptitude may measure musical potential, but musical talent is realized through performance. We hear it. Musical talent blends the inborn perceptive capacities of the individual with the physical ability to perform with personal interpretation. Quite simply, a musician or music teacher believes that you can determine talent if you just listen to the student play. In fact, the assessment of musical talent by listening to a performance isn’t quite that simple. It poses a number of problems because of its inherently subjective nature. Performance is a process as well as a product. It is phenomenological. The opening performance of the young cellist was captivating. Why? It could have been the audience’s surprise at hearing a brilliant performance from a student who outwardly didn’t have the trappings of a seasoned competition winner.

Time – Space – Matter Emergent Materials in Architecture

2015 ◽  
Vol 1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Decker
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Time Space ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the development process of emergent materials for architecture by looking at the example of Phase Change Materials. In the context of the complex nature of the constructed environment and the functional and performance requirements for buildings, emergent materials have to be carefully tuned for maximum performance. Investigating the relationship of time, space and matter in the design and development process through interdisciplinary endeavors is at the heart of this investigation. Furthermore, a shift from multidisciplinary endeavors to truly interdisciplinary collaboration that crosses the traditional boundaries of the individual fields is suggested.

Influence of honeycomb dimensions and forming methods on the compressive properties of beetle elytron plates

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Zhang ◽  
Jinxiang Chen ◽  
Yoji Okabe ◽  
Peiwei Zhang ◽  
Xiaobing Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Deformation Modes ◽  
Biomimetic Structures ◽  
Preparation Techniques ◽  
Forming Methods

For developing lightweight and high-strength biomimetic sandwich structures, this study investigates the influence of honeycomb dimensions and forming methods on the mechanical properties of beetle elytron plates relative to honeycomb plates via compression experiments and the finite element method. The results indicate that the trabecular-honeycomb core structure in beetle elytron plates can increase the compressive strength by approximately 50% and double the energy absorption capacity of honeycomb plates with the same material costs. Furthermore, the influence of three types of forming methods on the compressive properties of beetle elytron plates is investigated by comparing the different deformation modes of these structures with those of honeycomb plates. Based on these findings, application recommendations regarding the forming methods of beetle elytron plates are presented to facilitate the structural design and preparation techniques according to the performance requirements of different fields, which will accelerate the industrial application of these biomimetic structures.

Progeny Testing in the Breeding of Farm Animals

1952 ◽  
Vol 1953 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivar Johansson ◽  
Alan Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Made In

The progress in animal improvement depends on the accuracy with which the breeding value of each individual in the breed, or herd, is estimated, and how the animals chosen on the basis of our estimates are combined in matings. We are concerned here only with the first part of the problem, i.e. the estimation of breeding values. The estimates are made in regard to certain characters, or traits, which are of particular interest from an economic point of view, and they may be based on the phenotypic merit of the individual, or on the merits of its ancestors or collateral relatives, or on the merits of its progeny, in regard to the character in question. Often a combination of two, or three, or all four methods may be used. Their relative importance depends on the heritability of the character, as will be discussed later.

scholarly journals The metabolism of l-tryptophan by isolated rat liver cells. Quantification of the relative importance of, and the effect of nutritional status on, the individual pathways of tryptophan metabolism

1980 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Smith ◽  
F P A Carr ◽  
C I Pogson
Keyword(s):  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Isolated Rat Liver ◽  
Rat Liver Cells ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ylacetic Acid ◽  
Isolated Rat

1. The metabolism of L-tryptophan by liver cells prepared from fed and 48 h-starved rats was studied. Methods are described, with the use of L-[ring-2-(14)C], L-[carboxy-14C]-and L-[benzene-ring-U-14C]-tryptophan, for the simultaneous determination of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase and kynureninase activities and of the oxidation of tryptophan to CO2 and non-aromatic intermediates of the kynurenine-glutarate pathway. 2. At physiological concentrations (0.1 mM), tryptophan was oxidized by tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase at comparable rates in liver cells from both fed and starved rats. Kynureninase activity of hepatocytes from starved rats was 50% greater than that of cells from fed rats. About 10% of the tryptophan metabolized by tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase was degraded completely to CO2. 3. In the presence of 0.5 mM-L-tryptophan, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase and kynureninase activities increased 5–6-fold. Liver cells from starved rats oxidized tryptophan at about twice the rate of these from fed rats. Degradation of tryptophan to non-aromatic intermediates of the glutarate pathway and CO2 was increased only 3-fold, suggesting an accumulation of aromatic intermediates of the kynurenine pathway. 4. Rates of metabolism with 2.5 mM-L-tryptophan were not significantly different from those obtained with 0.5 mM-tryptophan. 5. Rates of synthesis of quinolinic acid from 0.5 mM-L-tryptophan, determined either by direct quantification or indirectly from rates of radioisotope release from L-[carboxy-(14)C]- and [benzene-ring-U-14C]tryptophan, were essentially similar. 6. At all three concentrations examined, tryptophan was degraded exclusively through kynurenine; there was no evidence of formation of either indol-3-ylacetic acid or 5-hydroxyindol-3-ylacetic acid.

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