Environmental and Track Factors That Contribute to Abrasion Damage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle A. Riding ◽  
Robert J. Peterman ◽  
Spencer Guthrie ◽  
Matthew Brueseke ◽  
Hossein Mosavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Profile ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Track Stiffness ◽  
Abrasion Damage ◽  
Mud Pumping ◽  
The U.S

Sites with known occurrences of mud pumping or other track concerns were investigated to determine the prevalence of concrete bottom tie abrasion and environmental and track conditions that could contribute to its occurrence. Field investigations showed that it occurs in diverse geographic locations around the U.S. and is a source of continued maintenance concern for railroads. Water appeared to be a significant factor involved in concrete bottom tie abrasion. Ballast fouling, center-binding cracking, rail surface profile variations, and large track movement during loading was seen in locations with concrete bottom tie abrasion. Bumps or track stiffness changes were often found at locations of abrasion damage. Specifically, some locations with known stiff track conditions exhibited significant abrasion damage.

False Information Narratives

2019 ◽  
pp. 326-348
Author(s):  
J. J. Sylvia IV ◽  
Kyle Moody
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Internet Research ◽  
False Information ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Way

The issue of Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. Presidential election has been widely debated by scholars and journalists. However, these works have not fully analyzed the ads that have been released by Facebook and the U.S. Congress. This project uses a case study to analyze the ads posted by the Russian-affiliated Internet Research Agency, considering the quantities of ads targeted to particular geographic locations, the frequency of targeting for unique keywords, and the reach and impressions of each of the ads. Further, these results are compared to results from best practices in traditional social media campaigns as a way to better understand the goals and potential impacts of the IRA ads. In conclusion, the project, by analyzing the full set of IRA ads, sheds new light on the way false information narratives were leveraged by the Russian-linked IRA.

Don't Ignore the Cow in Field Investigations of Chemical, Biological, or Toxin Warfare

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
David L. Huxsoll
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Medical Research Institute ◽  
Army Medical ◽  
Unconventional Warfare ◽  
Epidemiologic Investigation ◽  
Short Notice ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Army Medical Research ◽  
The U.S

Anyone interested in assessing an allegation of unconventional warfare would agree with the statement by Peter Barss that “the investigation of an alleged outbreak of CBTW should be conducted, whenever possible, in accordance with the well-tested steps that guide the standard epidemiologic investigation of an outbreak of disease or injuries.” In fact, during my tenure as commander of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, response teams were organized in various configurations to deploy on short notice to carry out thorough epidemiological investigations should an incident occur in which the use of biological agents might be suspected or considered. The teams were equipped and organized with the appropriate mix of expertise to carry out the type of epidemiological investigations discussed by Barss.

Appropriating the Healthy Child

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara A. Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Healthy Child ◽  
Text And Image ◽  
Visual Narratives ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Cotton Mills ◽  
Viewer Response ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Vivid Description

This chapter examines a type of viewer response to visual narratives about child labor produced by Lewis Hine and others: Thomas Robinson Dawley Jr.'s 1912 book The Child That Toileth Not: The Story of a Government Investigation. Dawley's 490-page polemic, which contains more than 100 photographs, was based on field investigations of child labor that he conducted in Southern cotton mills while working for the U.S. Bureau of Labor. Dawley combines text and image to build a detailed refutation of Albert Beveridge and his ilk. In The Child That Toileth Not Dawley avoids picturing children actually working. Instead, he deploys vivid description to tell a story of the laboring child citizen's good fortune. In addition, Dawley finds in child labor photography, especially in the work of Hine, resources for strategic appropriation. By appropriating the structure, style, and strategies of a decade-old, multimodal anti-child labor narrative, Dawley repositions the working child as the apotheosis of the values of citizenship rather than their denigration.

Heavy Axle Load Revenue Service Bridge Approach Problems and Remedies

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingqing Li ◽  
Luis Maal
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Track Geometry ◽  
Track Maintenance ◽  
Entire Line ◽  
Heavy Haul ◽  
Track Stiffness ◽  
Maintenance Work ◽  
Mud Pumping ◽  
Term Performance

Two different remedies to reduce track stiffness and increase track damping for the track on the bridges were implemented for two separate ballast deck bridges with standard concrete ties located on a high tonnage heavy haul revenue service route. One remedy used concrete ties fitted with rubber pads on the bottom surface and the other used ballast mats between the ballast layer and bridge deck. The ballast sections were increased to a minimum depth of 12 inches below the bottom of the ties, and drainage improvement was made to ensure that water would not accumulate on the bridges or in the approaches. The two bridge locations were selected in September 2007 and June 2009, for remediation and long-term monitoring of performance as part of the heavy axle load revenue service mega site testing program conducted by Transportation Technology Center, Inc. and Union Pacific Railroad. Before remediation, these two locations experienced excessive track geometry degradation, mud pumping, and track component failure that required localized maintenance work on a quarterly basis (approximately 63 MGT). After remediation, no localized maintenance (except yearly surfacing operations for the entire line) has been required for more than 1,000 MGT. The main root causes of these problems were determined to be high track stiffness and low track damping for the track on the bridges, which adversely affected dynamic vehicle-track interaction when differential track settlement started to occur at the bridge approaches. Some of these ballast deck bridges with concrete ties had track modulus measured at 12,000 lb/in/in, which is considered too high to accommodate dynamic vehicle-track interaction. Long-term performance of these remedies has been excellent, resulting in significant benefits from reduction of slow orders, train delays, and major track maintenance activities.

scholarly journals Archeological Site Assesments and Survey at Aquilla Lake, Hill County, Texas

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Army Corps ◽  
Fort Worth ◽  
Army Corps Of Engineers ◽  
National Register ◽  
Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Pool Level ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Archeological Site ◽  
The U.S

Personnel from Prewitt and Associates, Inc., conducted archeological site assessments and survey at Aquilla Lake from November to December 2010 in preparation for a pool raise planned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District. The proposed pool raise could potentially raise the conservation pool level of the lake by 6.5 ft. Field investigations revisited and reevaluated 41 previously recorded sites and surveyed 10 previously unsurveyed areas (180 total acres) within the confines of the proposed 6.5-ft conservation pool raise. The investigations consolidated 8 of the 41 previously recorded sites into 3, therefore reassessments are given for 36 sites. In addition, 3 new sites were recorded within the 10 previously unsurveyed areas. Of the 39 sites assessed in this report, 5 (41HI74/114, 41HI128, 41HI134, 41HI146, and 41HI169) are recommended as being potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (under Criterion D) pending additional investigations. Of these 5 sites, only 41HI74/114, 41HI134, and 41HI146 will be adversely impacted by the 6.5-ft pool raise and therefore warrant additional investigations.

Historical Introduction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
R. D. Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Primary Electrons ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Mutual Agreement

This program has been organized by the EMSA to commensurate the 50th anniversary of the experimental verification of the wave nature of the electron. Davisson and Germer in the U.S. and Thomson and Reid in Britian accomplished this at about the same time. Their findings were published in Nature in 1927 by mutual agreement since their independent efforts had led to the same conclusion at about the same time. In 1937 Davisson and Thomson shared the Nobel Prize in physics for demonstrating the wave nature of the electron deduced in 1924 by Louis de Broglie.The Davisson experiments (1921-1927) were concerned with the angular distribution of secondary electron emission from nickel surfaces produced by 150 volt primary electrons. The motivation was the effect of secondary emission on the characteristics of vacuum tubes but significant deviations from the results expected for a corpuscular electron led to a diffraction interpretation suggested by Elasser in 1925.

Variations in Surface Textures of Quartz Sand using Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
Eugene J. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glass Industry ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Surface Textures ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Sand Deposit ◽  
The U.S

Examination of sand grain surfaces from early Paleozoic sandstones by electron microscopy reveals a variety of secondary effects caused by rock-forming processes after final deposition of the sand. Detailed studies were conducted on both coarse (≥0.71mm) and fine (=0.25mm) fractions of St. Peter Sandstone, a widespread sand deposit underlying much of the U.S. Central Interior and used in the glass industry because of its remarkably high silica purity.The very friable sandstone was disaggregated and sieved to obtain the two size fractions, and then cleaned by boiling in HCl to remove any iron impurities and rinsed in distilled water. The sand grains were then partially embedded by sprinkling them onto a glass slide coated with a thin tacky layer of latex. Direct platinum shadowed carbon replicas were made of the exposed sand grain surfaces, and were separated by dissolution of the silica in HF acid.

The Effects of Estradiol on Chronically Damaged Human Fallopian Tubes: A SEM Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 648-649
Author(s):  
A. Toledo ◽  
G. Stoelk ◽  
M. Yussman ◽  
R.P. Apkarian
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Secretory Cell ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Cyclic Patterns ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
The U.S

Today it is estimated that one of every three women in the U.S. will have problems achieving pregnancy. 20-30% of these women will have some form of oviductal problems as the etiology of their infertility. Chronically damaged oviducts present problems with loss of both ciliary and microvillar epithelial cell surfaces. Estradiol is known to influence cyclic patterns in secretory cell microvilli and tubal ciliogenesis, The purpose of this study was to assess whether estrogen therapy could stimulate ciliogenesis in chronically damaged human fallopian tubes.Tissues from large hydrosalpinges were obtained from six women undergoing tuboplastic repair while in the early proliferative phase of fheir menstrual cycle. In each case the damaged tissue was rinsed in heparinized Ringers-lactate and quartered.

Antitrust: U.S. Supreme Court Affirms FTC Jurisdiction but Vacates Scope of Analysis on CDA Policy

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-198
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Zakhary
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Federal Trade Commission ◽  
Ninth Circuit ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Rule Of Reason ◽  
Antitrust Analysis ◽  
Business Financing ◽  
The U.S

In California Dental Association v. FTC, 119 S. Ct. 1604 (1999), the U.S. Supreme Court reviewed a decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit that a nonprofit affiliation of dentists violated section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (FTCA), 15 U.S.C.A. § 45 (1998), which prohibits unfair competition. The Court examined two issues: (1) the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) jurisdiction over the California Dental Association (CDA); and (2) the proper scope of antitrust analysis. The Court unanimously held that CDA was subject to FTC's jurisdiction, but split 5-4 in its finding that the district court's use of abbreviated rule-of-reason analysis was inappropriate.CDA is a voluntary, nonprofit association of local dental societies. It boasts approximately 19,000 members, who constitute roughly threequarters of the dentists practicing in California. Although a nonprofit, CDA includes for-profit subsidiaries that financially benefit CDA members. CDA gives its members access to insurance and business financing, and lobbies and litigates on their behalf. Members also benefit from CDA marketing and public relations campaigns.

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