scholarly journals Platform technology for scalable assembly of instantaneously functional mosaic tissues

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. e1500423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyang Zhang ◽  
Miles Montgomery ◽  
Locke Davenport-Huyer ◽  
Anastasia Korolj ◽  
Milica Radisic
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Cell Alignment ◽  
Cell Coating ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Mechanical Cutting

Engineering mature tissues requires a guided assembly of cells into organized three-dimensional (3D) structures with multiple cell types. Guidance is usually achieved by microtopographical scaffold cues or by cell-gel compaction. The assembly of individual units into functional 3D tissues is often time-consuming, relying on cell ingrowth and matrix remodeling, whereas disassembly requires an invasive method that includes either matrix dissolution or mechanical cutting. We invented Tissue-Velcro, a bio-scaffold with a microfabricated hook and loop system. The assembly of Tissue-Velcro preserved the guided cell alignment realized by the topographical features in the 2D scaffold mesh and allowed for the instant establishment of coculture conditions by spatially defined stacking of cardiac cell layers or through endothelial cell coating. The assembled cardiac 3D tissue constructs were immediately functional as measured by their ability to contract in response to electrical field stimulation. Facile, on-demand tissue disassembly was demonstrated while preserving the structure, physical integrity, and beating function of individual layers.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional testicular organoids as novel in vitro models of testicular biology and toxicology

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadman Sakib ◽  
Anna Voigt ◽  
Taylor Goldsmith ◽  
Ina Dobrinski
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Monolayer Culture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Multiple Cell

Abstract Organoids are three dimensional structures consisting of multiple cell types that recapitulate the cellular architecture and functionality of native organs. Over the last decade, the advent of organoid research has opened up many avenues for basic and translational studies. Following suit of other disciplines, research groups working in the field of male reproductive biology have started establishing and characterizing testicular organoids. The three-dimensional architectural and functional similarities of organoids to their tissue of origin facilitate study of complex cell interactions, tissue development and establishment of representative, scalable models for drug and toxicity screening. In this review, we discuss the current state of testicular organoid research, their advantages over conventional monolayer culture and their potential applications in the field of reproductive biology and toxicology.

Multimaterial and Multiscale Three-Dimensional Bioprinter

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Campbell ◽  
Ian McGuinness ◽  
Holger Wirz ◽  
Andre Sharon ◽  
Alexis F. Sauer-Budge
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cell Culture ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
The Stability

We have developed a three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting system capable of multimaterial and multiscale deposition to enable the next generation of “bottom-up” tissue engineering. This area of research resides at the interface of engineering and life sciences. As such, it entails the design and implementation of diverse elements: a novel hydrogel-based bioink, a 3D bioprinter, automation software, and mammalian cell culture. Our bioprinter has three components uniquely combined into a comprehensive tool: syringe pumps connected to a selector valve that allow precise application of up to five different materials with varying viscosities and chemistries, a high velocity/high-precision x–y–z stage to accommodate the most rapid speeds allowable by the printed materials, and temperature control of the bioink reservoirs, lines, and printing environment. Our custom-designed bioprinter is able to print multiple materials (or multiple cell types in the same material) concurrently with various feature sizes (100 μm–1 mm wide; 100 μm–1 cm high). One of these materials is a biocompatible, printable bioink that has been used to test for cell survival within the hydrogel following printing. Hand-printed (HP) controls show that our bioprinter does not adversely affect the viability of the printed cells. Here, we report the design and build of the 3D bioprinter, the optimization of the bioink, and the stability and viability of our printed constructs.

scholarly journals A New Organotypic Culture of Adipose Tissue Fragments Maintains Viable Mature Adipocytes for a Long Term, Together with Development of Immature Adipocytes and Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (10) ◽  
pp. 4794-4798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiko Sonoda ◽  
Shigehisa Aoki ◽  
Kazuyoshi Uchihashi ◽  
Hidenobu Soejima ◽  
Sachiko Kanaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Organotypic Culture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Related Agent

Adipose tissue that consists of mature and immature adipocytes is suggested to contain mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but a culture system for analyzing their cell types within the tissue has not been established. Here we show that three-dimensional collagen gel culture of rat sc adipose tissue fragments maintained viable mature adipocytes for a long term, producing immature adipocytes and MSC-like cells from the fragments, using immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and real time RT-PCR. Bromodeoxyuridine uptake of mature adipocytes was detected. Adiponectin and leptin, and adipocyte-specific genes of adiponectin, leptin, and PPAR-γ were detected in culture assembly, whereas the lipogenesis factor insulin (20 mU/ml) and inflammation-related agent TNF-α (2 nm) increased and decreased, respectively, all of their displays. Both spindle-shaped cell types with oil red O-positive lipid droplets and those with expression of MSC markers (CD105 and CD44) developed around the fragments. The data indicate that adipose tissue-organotypic culture retains unilocular structure, proliferative ability, and some functions of mature adipocytes, generating both immature adipocytes and CD105+/CD44+ MSC-like cells. This suggests that our method will open up a new way for studying both multiple cell types within adipose tissue and the cell-based mechanisms of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Generation of rat lungs by blastocyst complementation in Fgfr2b-deficient mouse model

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Yuri ◽  
Yuki Murase ◽  
Aayako Isotani
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Developmental Timing ◽  
Deficient Mouse ◽  
Blastocyst Complementation ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Species Specific

Regenerative medicine is a tool to compensate for the shortage of lungs for transplantation, but it remains difficult to construct a lung in vitro due to the complex three-dimensional structures and multiple cell types required. A blastocyst complementation method using interspecies chimeric animals has been attracting attention as a way to create complex organs in animals, but successful lung formation has not yet been achieved. Here, we applied a reverse-blastocyst complementation method to clarify the conditions required to form lungs in an Fgfr2b-deficient mouse model. We then successfully formed a rat-derived lung in the mouse model without generating a mouse line by applying a tetraploid-based organ-complementation method. Importantly, rat lung epithelial cells retained their developmental timing even in the mouse body. This result provides useful insights regarding the need to overcome the barrier of species-specific developmental timing in order to generate functional lungs in interspecies chimeras.

Designing an Interchangeable Multi-Material Nozzle System for 3D Bioprinting Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cartwright Nelson ◽  
Slesha Tuladhar ◽  
Md Ahasan Habib
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Print Head ◽  
Functional Tissue ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Continuous Deposition ◽  
Bio Material

Abstract Three-dimensional bioprinting is a rapidly growing field attempting to recreate functional tissues for medical and pharmaceutical purposes. Development of functional tissue requires deposition of multiple biomaterials encapsulating multiple cell types i.e. bio-ink necessitating switching ability between bio-inks. Existing systems use more than one print head to achieve this complex interchangeable deposition, which decreases efficiency, structural integrity, and accuracy. In this research, we developed a nozzle system capable of switching between multiple bio-inks with continuous deposition ensuring the minimum transition distance so that precise deposition transitioning can be achieved. Finally, the effect of rheological properties of different bio-material compositions on the transition distance is investigated by fabricating the sample scaffolds.

COMPLEX IN-VITRO THREE-DIMENSIONAL TUMOR ARCHITECTURE WITH MULTIPLE CELL TYPES

2009 ◽  
Vol 181 (4S) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
Kai H Hammerich ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
Buckminster Farrow ◽  
Michael Manchini ◽  
Thomas M Wheeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Multiple Cell

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of Feline Mammary Hypertrophy

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Hayden ◽  
K. H. Johnson ◽  
H. K. Ghobrial
Keyword(s):  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Stromal Fibroblasts ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
One Year

The ultrastructure of feline mammary hypertrophy was studied in a five-month-old female which had aborted recently, a ten-year-old female which was one month postestrus, and a four-year-old progestin-treated neutered male. Morphologic comparisons were made to normal mammary tissue from a one-year-old female cat. Hypertrophied mammary tissue had the same cell types and spatial relationships as did the normal gland. Major differences included a more highly developed duct system composed of metabolically active cells which often were arranged in multiple cell layers, and periductular stroma with increased fibroblasts and vascularization. Hypertrophied epithelial cells were characterized generally by smooth-contoured nuclear membranes, more evenly dispersed heterochromatin, prominent nucleoli, increased polyribosomes, and elongated mitochondria. Secretory activity was developed significantly only in the cat that had aborted recently. Modifications in myoepithelial cells included: more evenly dispersed nuclear heterochromatin, thicker bundles of cytoplasmic filaments, more straight plasma membranes along the basal lamina, and elongated hemidesmosomes. Multilayering of the basal lamina was accentuated. Stromal fibroblasts had nuclear heterochromatin distributed similarly to that of epithelial and myoepithelial cells, and increased rough endoplasmic reticulum. Myoepithelial cells did not contribute to the increased stromal cellularity. No significant ultrastructural differences were noted between mammary hypertrophy in young, old, and progestin-treated cats.

Cell Patterning: Interaction of Cardiac Myocytes and Fibroblasts in Three-Dimensional Culture

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy A. Baudino ◽  
Alex McFadden ◽  
Charity Fix ◽  
Joshua Hastings ◽  
Robert Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Cell Cell

Patterning of cells is critical to the formation and function of the normal organ, and it appears to be dependent upon internal and external signals. Additionally, the formation of most tissues requires the interaction of several cell types. Indeed, both extracellular matrix (ECM) components and cellular components are necessary for three-dimensional (3-D) tissue formationin vitro. Using 3-D cultures we demonstrate that ECM arranged in an aligned fashion is necessary for the rod-shaped phenotype of the myocyte, and once this pattern is established, the myocytes were responsible for the alignment of any subsequent cell layers. This is analogous to thein vivopattern that is observed, where there appears to be minimal ECM signaling, rather formation of multicellular patterns is dependent upon cell–cell interactions. Our 3-D culture of myocytes and fibroblasts is significant in that it modelsin vivoorganization of cardiac tissue and can be used to investigate interactions between fibroblasts and myocytes. Furthermore, we used rotational cultures to examine cellular interactions. Using these systems, we demonstrate that specific connexins and cadherins are critical for cell–cell interactions. The data presented here document the feasibility of using these systems to investigate cellular interactions during normal growth and injury.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional reconstructions of haustoria in two parasitic plant species in the Orobanchaceae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsumi Masumoto ◽  
Yuki Suzuki ◽  
Songkui Cui ◽  
Mayumi Wakazaki ◽  
Mayuko Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Microscopy Observation ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Facultative Parasite ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Structural Insights

Abstract Parasitic plants infect other plants by forming haustoria, specialized multicellular organs consisting of several cell types, each of which has unique morphological features and physiological roles associated with parasitism. Understanding the spatial organization of cell types is, therefore, of great importance in elucidating the functions of haustoria. Here, we report a three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of haustoria from two Orobanchaceae species, the obligate parasite Striga hermonthica infecting rice (Oryza sativa) and the facultative parasite Phtheirospermum japonicum infecting Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In addition, field-emission scanning electron microscopy observation revealed the presence of various cell types in haustoria. Our images reveal the spatial arrangements of multiple cell types inside haustoria and their interaction with host roots. The 3-D internal structures of haustoria highlight differences between the two parasites, particularly at the xylem connection site with the host. Our study provides cellular and structural insights into haustoria of S. hermonthica and P. japonicum and lays the foundation for understanding haustorium function.

scholarly journals Multicellular Co-Culture in Three-Dimensional Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogels for Liver Tissue Engineering

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Cui ◽  
Huaping Wang ◽  
Qing Shi ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Qiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Liver Tissue Engineering ◽  
Multiple Cell

Three-dimensional (3D) tissue models replicating liver architectures and functions are increasingly being needed for regenerative medicine. However, traditional studies are focused on establishing 2D environments for hepatocytes culture since it is challenging to recreate biodegradable 3D tissue-like architecture at a micro scale by using hydrogels. In this paper, we utilized a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel as a matrix to construct 3D lobule-like microtissues for co-culture of hepatocytes and fibroblasts. GelMA hydrogel with high cytocompatibility and high structural fidelity was determined to fabricate hepatocytes encapsulated micromodules with central radial-type hole by photo-crosslinking through a digital micromirror device (DMD)-based microfluidic channel. The cellular micromodules were assembled through non-contact pick-up strategy relying on local fluid-based micromanipulation. Then the assembled micromodules were coated with fibroblast-laden GelMA, subsequently irradiated by ultraviolet for integration of the 3D lobule-like microtissues encapsulating multiple cell types. With long-term co-culture, the 3D lobule-like microtissues encapsulating hepatocytes and fibroblasts maintained over 90% cell viability. The liver function of albumin secretion was enhanced for the co-cultured 3D microtissues compared to the 3D microtissues encapsulating only hepatocytes. Experimental results demonstrated that 3D lobule-like microtissues fabricated by GelMA hydrogels capable of multicellular co-culture with high cell viability and liver function, which have huge potential for liver tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

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