Experimental Study on Structural Rehabilitation of Severely Damaged I-Beams Using Fibre Reinforced Polymers

Abstract Fixed and Floating Offshore structures commonly utilize I-beams as structural components withstanding distributed loads on their decks or inside hulls. These structural members get damaged due to the corrosive marine environment leading to a condition in which they need replacement or rehabilitation. Such situations are not desirable as it will incur monetary losses directly with replacement or repair costs and indirectly through operational losses due to shut down for hot repair works. A safe and economical alternative for structural rehabilitation of damaged I-beams is using Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites. An experimental investigation on the feasibility of repair of a heavily damaged I-beam using two different types of FRPs is presented. The severe damage in the I-beam was artificially introduced by removing both flanges and the web for 300 mm in the mid-span of 1800 mm long I-beam. Four-point bending tests under static loads were performed until failure of the beam. The first repair was done using carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRPs) and the second one utilized glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP). The CFRP repaired specimen showed 277% improvement from the damaged state whereas the GFRP repair improved 248% in terms of the ultimate strength. A comparison of the behaviour between CFRP and GFRP repair is also highlighted in the study. Various parameters like stiffness, ductility, load-displacement behaviour and failure modes of these FRP repairs for damaged I-beams are discussed in detail. Overall, the results from the study portray the adequacy of an FRP rehabilitation to reinstate the strength from such structural damages in I-beams.

EFFECT OF USING EXTERNAL GFRP PLATES ON STRUCTURALLY DEFICIENT RC BEAMS

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management ◽

10.3846/13923730.2003.10531299 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 36-44

Author(s):

Hau Y. Leung ◽

Ramapillai V. Balendran

Keyword(s):

Failure Modes ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Deformation Capacity ◽

Rc Beams ◽

Four Point Bending ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽

Strength And Deformation

This paper presents some experimental results on the behaviour of flexure- and shear-deficient RC beams strengthened with external glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) plates. Ten number of 2,5 m long over-designed, unplated under-design and plated under-designed beams were examined under four-point bending condition. Experimental results indicated that use of GFRP plates enhanced the strength and deformation capacity of the structurally deficient beams by altering their failure modes. Application of side plates on shear-deficient RC beams appeared to be more effective than using bottom plates on flexure-deficient RC beams. However, without any improvement on concrete compressive capacity, additional shear capacities provided to the beams under the action of side plates increased the likelihood of beam failure by concrete crushing. Simultaneous use of bottom and side plates on flexure- and shear-deficient RC beams could result in reduced deflection. The change in the neutral axis depth and GFRP strain was also addressed.

Influence of temperature on the adhesion of fibre reinforced polymers to timber surface

Ambiente Construído ◽

10.1590/s1678-86212019000300322 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 25-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ângela do Valle ◽

Poliana Dias de Moraes ◽

Giancarlo Zibetti Mantovani ◽

Hudson Fagundes

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Timber Structures ◽

Reinforced Polymers ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Influence Of Temperature On ◽

Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽

The Mean ◽

Pinus Spp

Abstract Carbon and glass fibre reinforced polymer composites are being increasingly used in timber structures, where they can be exposed to harsh temperature conditions. In order to be properly used, information is needed on their adhesion to the substrate. The objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of temperatures between 20 and 80 ºC on the adhesion of these reinforcements to the wood. The shear test of adhesive line and pull-off test of the reinforcement from wood surface were carried out using specimens made of Pinus spp. The results demonstrated that temperature causes the nonlinear reduction of the reinforcement adhesion. The specimens exposed to a temperature of 80 °C presented residual bond strength means of 34% and 20% of the mean strength at room temperature for CFRP and for GFRP, respectively. Caution in using the applied resins is required due to the presented behaviour even in the service temperature range specified by the manufacturers.

Geometry effect on the behaviour of single and glue-laminated glass fibre reinforced polymer composite sandwich beams loaded in four-point bending

Materials & Design (1980-2015) ◽

10.1016/j.matdes.2012.02.023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 93-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ziad K. Awad ◽

Thiru Aravinthan ◽

Allan Manalo

Keyword(s):

Polymer Composite ◽

Glass Fibre ◽

Laminated Glass ◽

Sandwich Beams ◽

Composite Sandwich ◽

Four Point Bending ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Strengthening of Hollow Square Sections under Compression Using FRP Composites

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2014/396597 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. C. Sundarraja ◽

P. Sriram ◽

G. Ganesh Prabhu

Keyword(s):

Failure Modes ◽

Deformation Behaviour ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Local Buckling ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Frp Composites ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Load Carrying ◽

Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽

Fibre Reinforced Polymer

The feasibility study on carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabrics in axial strengthening of hollow square sections (HSS) was investigated in this paper. CFRP was used as strips form with other parameters such as the number of layers and spacing of strips. Experimental results revealed that the external bonding of normal modulus CFRP strips significantly enhanced the load carrying capacity and stiffness of the hollow sections and also reduced the axial shortening of columns by providing external confinement against the elastic deformation. The increase in the CFRP strips thickness effectively delayed the local buckling of the above members and led to the inward buckling rather than outward one. Finally, three-dimensional nonlinear finite element modeling of CFRP strengthened hollow square sectionswas created by using ANSYS 12.0 to validate the results and the numerical results such as failure modes and load deformation behaviour fairly agreed with the experimental results.

Bond strength of glass fibre reinforced polymer reinforcing bars in normal and self-consolidating concrete

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l05-005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 553-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M Reza Esfahani ◽

M Reza Kianoush ◽

M Lachemi

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Glass Fibre ◽

Reinforcing Bars ◽

Reinforced Polymers ◽

Self Consolidating Concrete ◽

Pull Out ◽

Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽

Cover Thickness

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on bond strength of reinforcing bars made of glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP) embedded in normal and self-consolidating concrete. The study included pull-out tests of 36 GFRP reinforcing bars embedded in concrete specimens. Different parameters such as type of concrete, bar location, and cover thickness were considered as variables in different specimens. The results showed that the type of bond failure was by splitting of concrete for all specimens. The bond strength of bottom GFRP reinforcing bars was almost the same for both normal concrete and self-consolidating concrete. For the top bars, however, the bond strength of self-consolidating concrete was less than that of normal concrete.Key words: bond strength, glass FRP, reinforcing bars, top-bar effect, self-consolidating concrete.

Advancements in shear strengthening of prestressed concrete I-girders using fiber reinforced polymers

10.2749/ghent.2021.1746 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Arslan Yaqub ◽

Stijn Matthys ◽

Christoph Czaderski

Keyword(s):

Prestressed Concrete ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Rational Solution ◽

Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽

Shear Reinforcement ◽

Shear Strengthening ◽

Reinforced Polymers ◽

The Past ◽

Externally Bonded ◽

Fibre Reinforced Polymer

<p>A number of attempts were made by different researchers in the last couple of decades to strengthen prestressed concrete (PC) I-girders in shear using externally bonded FRP (fibre reinforced polymer) reinforcement. The unanimous observation reported in the literature is the early debonding of FRP shear reinforcement around the internal angles of the I-section. Because of this undesirable phenomenon, the strength of the FRP is utilized inefficiently. This paper gives an overview of the techniques utilized in the past and their relative performance in order to develop a rational solution to the debonding problem, particularly for I-sections. The anchoring techniques used in the past includes different types of FRP anchors as well as mechanical anchors to protect FRP shear reinforcement from debonding on the I-section. It can be concluded that the definite solution to the debonding problem on I-sections has not been obtained yet. This is because of the complex failure modes of FRP shear reinforcement and PC I-girders.</p>

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

Strengthening of Fired RC Beam Column Joint using Geosynthetics

10.35940/ijitee.i7647.078919 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 650-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Glass Fibre ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Rc Beam ◽

Basalt Fibre ◽

Reinforced Polymers ◽

Steady Growth ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers ◽

Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽

Column Joint

From the past few decades, there has been a steady growth in the field of construction of building all over the globe. With the technological advances on all fronts the complexity of fires, explosions and the hazards are major challenge thrown up to the planner, engineer and architects. Hence, new techniques and sustainability material have to be adapted for the retrofitting of fire damaged buildings. Notable work has been done with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymers (GFRP), Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) and Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) as a fibre reinforced polymers used as a retrofitting material. But less work has been done with geosynthetics material (Gotextiles. Geogrids, Geonets, Geomembranes) . The main purpose of this research study is to evaluate the behaviour of fired RC beam-column joint specimens wrapped with Geogrid and Glass Geocomposite. In the process, 12 beam-column joint specimens were casted out which 9 were fired at a temperature of 6000 c for 6 hours and 6 specimens were wrapped with the geosynthetics (3- wrapped with Geogrid, and 3- wrapped with glass fibre) and remaining 3 specimens were tested directly without any wrappings. Studies were performed on the control specimens and the wrapped/ retrofitted specimens for engineering properties. From the result, it has been observed that geogrid wrapped fired specimen and glass geocomposite wrapped fire specimen showed more deflection than control specimen and had higher load carrying capacity than the fired specimen without wrapping.

Shear tests on GFRP reinforced concrete beams

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202032301009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 323 ◽

pp. 01009

Author(s):

Damian Szczech ◽

Renata Kotynia

Keyword(s):

Failure Modes ◽

Shear Failure ◽

Concrete Beams ◽

Reinforcement Ratio ◽

Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽

Shear Behaviour ◽

Experimental Program ◽

This paper aims to investigate the shear failure mechanisms in beams reinforced with longitudinal and transverse glass fibre reinforced polymer bars. It is a part of comprehensive research on shear in concrete beams reinforced with steel and GFRP bars. The experimental program is composed of six real-scale single-span, simply-supported T-cross section concrete beams. The beams varied mainly with respect to the longitudinal reinforcement ratio (2.91% and 3.69%), bar diameter (25mm and 28mm, respectively) and transverse reinforcement ratio (0.16% and 0,33%). The paper presents test results, cracking patterns, failure modes and an analysis of the influence of variable parameters on the shear behaviour of elements.

Crashworthiness Performance of Aluminium, GFRP and Hybrid Aluminium/GFRP Circular Tubes under Quasi-Static and Dynamic Axial Loading Conditions: A Comparative Experimental Study

Dynamics ◽

10.3390/dynamics1010004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 22-48

Author(s):

Stavros S. A. Lykakos ◽

Protesilaos K. Kostazos ◽

Odysseas-Vasilios Venetsanos ◽

Dimitrios E. Manolakos

Keyword(s):

Testing Machine ◽

Axial Loading ◽

Offshore Structures ◽

Loading Conditions ◽

Internal Layers ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽

Interlayer Bonding

Offshore structures are exposed to risks of vessel collisions and impacts from dropped objects. Tubular members are extensively used in offshore construction, and thus, there is scope to investigate their crashworthiness behaviour. Aluminium, glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) and hybrid aluminium/GFRP circular tube specimens were fabricated and then tested under quasi-static and dynamic axial loading conditions. Two hybrid configurations were examined: external and internal layers from respectively aluminium and GFRP, and vice versa. The material impregnated with epoxy resin woven glass fabric was allowed to cure attached to the aluminium layer to ensure interlayer bonding. The quasi-static and dynamic tests were conducted using respectively a universal testing machine at a prescribed crosshead speed of 10 mm/min, and a 78 kg drop hammer released from 2.5 m. The non-hybrid configurations (aluminium and GFRP specimens) outperformed their hybrid counterparts in terms of crashworthiness characteristics.

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

Experiment on RC Beams Reinforced with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Reinforcements

10.35940/ijitee.f1007.0486s419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6S4) ◽

pp. 35-41

Keyword(s):

Glass Fibre ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Load Capacity ◽

Ultimate Load Capacity ◽

Conventional Steel ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Experimental Prediction ◽

This study presents the flexural behaviour of rectangular concrete beams reinforced with surface treated Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP), Grooved bars and Sand sprinkled reinforcing bars. Beams cast with standard mix of M30 grade concrete, with a reinforcement ratios of 0.73%, and compared with that of conventional steel reinforced beams. Totally five rectangular beams of size 125 mm x 250 mm x 3200 mm were cast. The flexural study was carried under static two point loading. The experimental prediction was focused on observation of ultimate load capacity, cracks propagation and crack widths and failure modes of beams. The results indicate that both type of GFRP reinforcements are at par with the conventional steel reinforcements.