Investigating the Solid Transport Capability of Non-Newtonian Fluid in Annulus Bend Section

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mojammel Huque ◽  
Stephen Butt ◽  
Sohrab Zendehboudi ◽  
Mohammad Azizur Rahman ◽  
Syed Imtiaz
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Bend Section ◽  
Hole Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Behaviour ◽  
Solid Transport

Abstract A directional drilling operation may include one or more bending sections along the drilling profile. These bend sections are the critical segments from the hole cleaning point of view. In this study, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method was used to investigate the hole cleaning behaviour in annulus bending section. Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase flow model was adopted in this study. The developed CFD model was validated with experimental data. Different non-Newtonian Herschel Bulkley fluids were used to simulate the drilling mud. Solid cuttings of different sizes (2 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm) were used to replicate the drill cuttings. Different fluid flow rate (0.5 m/s, 1.0 m/s, 1.5 m/s and 2.0 m/s) were investigated to observe the solid settling tendency in the horizontal and bending section. Cuttings accumulation behaviour at different bending radius (10 inch. and 20 inch.) and bending angle (15°, 30°, and 60° from horizontal) were investigated. The simulation study shows that higher viscous fluid performs better hole cleaning at low mud velocity. Furthermore, a turbulent flow regime performs better solid transport in the bending section. Finally, this study summarizes the hole cleaning behaviour of a bend section for a range of fluid velocity, cuttings size and radius of curvature and inclination.

Assessment of Internal Tubular Coating Using Flow Loop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzdalifah Zakaria ◽  
Shalabi A. M Sauri
Keyword(s):  
Test Section ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Bend Section ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Coating Performance ◽  
Abrasion Test ◽  
Actual Field

Abstract Assessment of coating performance under flowing condition by using a proprietary flow loop system has been established. The 2 3/8" flow loop was designed to maintain a flow rate of 0.03-0.04 m3/sec, pressure of 3300kPa and temperature of 150°C to simulate actual field condition. Test section consisting of two 35" straight tubes with 45° elbow was internally coated and connected to the flow loop which was run continuously for 14 days with deionized water under the specified test condition. Upon completion, visual inspection, EIS and linear abrasion test were done on the test section to evaluate the coating integrity post exposure. Small blisters were noted at the elbow section potentially due to the improper surface preparation and/or higher fluid velocity at the bend section. Impedance value of 107 Ω/cm2 is a magnitude higher than the acceptance limit of 106 Ω/cm2 while abrasion resistance was found less than the set limit of <100mg/1000 cycles. The flow loop test has been shown to be a reliable tool to evaluate the effect of wall shear stress and fluid erosion on internal tubular coating.

Thermal-Mechanical Effects and Near-Critical Fluid Dynamic Behaviors in Micro-Scale

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-111
Author(s):  
Lin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
Mechanical Process ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Leading Role

Supercritical CO2 fluid has been widely used in chemical extraction, chemical synthesis, micro-manufacturing, and heat transfer apparatus, and so forth. The current chapter deals with near-critical CO2 micro-scale thermal convective flow and the effects of thermal-mechanical process. When the scale becomes smaller, new, and detailed figures of near-critical thermal effects emerges. To explore this new area, theoretical developments and numerical investigations are discussed and explained in this chapter. From a theoretical point of view, the thermal-mechanical nature of near-critical fluid would play a leading role in small time and spatial scales. This effect is found dominant to the thermal dynamic responses and convective structures of micro-scale fluid behaviors. The scaling effects, boundary thermal-mechanical process, instability evolutions, mixing flows and characteristics, possible extensions, and applications are also discussed in this chapter.

Aspects of mud properties in geophysical logging of shallow water bores

1972 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
B.M. Haines ◽  
D.W. Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediments ◽  
Chemical System ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Geophysical Logging ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Log Interpretation ◽  
Solids Content

In order that the whole suite of geophysical logging methods may be employed, it is necessary that the borehole contain drilling mud. Usually in shallow water bores this mud consists simply of a clay component and make-up water, although during drilling it also contains particles and fluids derived from the formations penetrated. The major purposes of the mud, from the driller's point of view, are to lubricate and cool the bit, to prevent caving especially in unconsolidated sediments and to carry bit cuttings to the surface. While the mud composition may be relatively simple, the physical, electrical and chemical system comprising the mud column and formation is rather complex. Mud filtrate, a fluid extract of the mud, is expressed and enters the formations under the influence of differential hydrostatic pressure; consequently, a mud cake is formed on the borehole walls; and the filtrate itself provides electrochemical contrasts with the formation waters. The system is further complicated by the frequently unsystematic approach to the specification and control of drilling mud, and the general lack of understanding of the system as a dynamic entity. The volume of influence of all well logging methods therefore includes drilling mud, mud cake, invaded and uninvaded formation, these latter being wholly or partially saturated by filtrate and formation water respectively. For purposes of quantitative log interpretation, especially in regard to electrical logs, it is a necessary prerequisite that the electrical properties of the mud and its derivatives be either measured directly, or derived through established relationships with readily measured properties. A limited laboratory experimental study has indicated the relationships between the electrical and physical properties of the mud system and the influence of solids content. Field testing of these relationships showed that they are extensively modified in both form and magnitude by formation particles and waters acquired during drilling. It is apparent that relationships are strongly dependent on several factors, and should be evaluated separately for individual borehole/mud/formation systems.

Further Development and Preliminary Testing of the α-Prototype of an Ultra-Micro Gas Turbine for Portable Power Generation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Capata ◽  
E. Sciubba
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Preliminary Testing ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Portable Power ◽  
Portable Electronics ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Physical Construction

The ever increasing development of portable electronics leads to a higher demand for compact and reliable power sources. Significant resources are being presently dedicated to the study of micro machined turbines, because of their remarkable power density that suggests that the generation of about 100–300 W with a total device weight of few hundreds grams and a fuel mass flow rate of few grams per second may be feasible in the short range. In this paper a possible configuration of such a nano-GT set is considered, which was defined on the basis of previous thermo-fluid dynamic analysis: the results of a preliminary design study, including some cold-run tests, are reported in this paper. The layout of the device was finalized on the basis of both a CFD and a FEM analysis that identified the “optimal” blade shape, shaft size and rotors arrangements under the point of view of the energy efficiency and of thermo-mechanical material stresses, Some of the problems deriving by the physical construction and preliminary testing of the prototype are analyzed and discussed.

Coiled tubing drilling for unconventional reservoirs: the importance of cuttings transport in directional drilling

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Kamyab ◽  
Nelson Chin ◽  
Vamegh Rasouli ◽  
Soren Soe ◽  
Swapan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Unconventional Reservoirs ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Cuttings Transport ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Coiled Tubing

Coiled tubing (CT) technology has long been used in the oil and gas industry for workover and stimulation applications; however, the application of this technology for drilling operations has also been used more recently. Faster tripping, less operational time, continuous and safer operation, and the requirement for fewer crew members are some of the advantages that make CT a good technique for drilling specially deviated wells, in particular, in unconventional reservoirs for the purpose of improved recovery. Cuttings transport in deviated and horizontal wells is one of the challenges in directional drilling as it is influenced by different parameters including fluid velocity, density and rheological properties, as well as hole deviation angle, annulus geometry and particle sizes. To understand the transportation of the cuttings in the annulus space, therefore, it is useful to perform physical simulations. In this study the effect of wellbore angle and fluid rheological properties were investigated physically using a flow loop that has been developed recently for this purpose. The minimum transportation velocity was measured at different angles and an analysis was performed to study the fluid carrying capacity and hole cleaning efficiency. The results indicated how the change in wellbore angle could change the cuttings transport efficiency.

Comprehensive analysis of the thermohydraulic performance of cooling networks subject to fouling and undergoing retrofit projects

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2094531
Author(s):  
Hebert Lugo-Granados ◽  
Lázaro Canizalez-Dávalos ◽  
Martín Picón-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rate Distribution

The aim of this paper is to develop guidelines for the placing of new coolers in cooling systems subject to retrofit. The effects of the accumulation of scale on the flow system are considered. A methodology to assess the interconnected effect of local fluid velocity and fouling deposition is developed. The local average fluid velocity depends on the water flow rate distribution across the piping network. The methodology has four main calculation components: a) the determination of the flow rate distribution across the piping network, b) the prediction of fouling deposition, c) determination of the hydraulic changes and the effect on fouling brought about by the placing of new exchangers into an existing structure, and d) the calculation of the total cooling load and pressure drop of the system. The set of disturbances introduced to the system through fouling and the incorporation of new coolers, create network responses that eventually influence the cooling capacity and the pressure drop. In this work, these interactions are analysed using two case studies. The results indicate that, from the thermal point of view, the incorporation of new heat exchangers is recommended in series. The limit is the point where the increase of the total pressure drop causes a reduction in the overall volumetric flow rate. New coolers added in parallel create a reduction of pressure drop and an increase in the overall water flow rate; however, this increase is not enough to counteract the reduction of fluid velocity and heat capacity removal.

scholarly journals Cuttings Transport In Horizontal And Highly Deviated Wellbores

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Piroozian ◽  
Issham Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Cuttings Transport ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Hole Cleaning ◽  
Positive Effect

Lencongan dari laluan tegak menyebabkan rincisan gerudi berkumpul pada bahagian bawah lubang telaga sehingga terbentuknya lapisan rincisan. Akibatnya, berlaku beberapa permasalahan operasi ketika berlangsungnya penggerudian. Daya seret dan kilas yang melampau, kesukaran yang dialami ketika penyorongan rentetan selongsong ke dalam lubang telaga, kesukaran untuk memperoleh operasi penyimenan yang baik, dan lekatan mekanikal paip gerudi adalah antara beberapa contoh lazim yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan terbabit. Sehubungan itu, pemahaman yang baik tentang parameter utama operasi yang mempengaruhi pembersihan lubang telaga adalah penting. Artikel ini mengetengahkan keputusan daripada kajian makmal yang telah dilaksanakan untuk menilai keberkesanan tiga jenis bendalir gerudi dalam menyingkir rincisan gerudi. Kajian makmal melibatkan penggunaan gelung legap aliran sepanjang 17 kaki dengan diameter 2 inci sebagai bahagian ujian. Bagi setiap uji kaji, prestasi pengangkutan rincisan (CTP - Cuttings Transport Performance) ditentukan menerusi pengukuran berat. Keputusan uji kaji dianalisis untuk memperoleh kesan menyeluruh ketiga-tiga parameter operasi, iaitu kelikatan bendalir gerudi, halaju bendalir, dan kecondongan lubang telaga. Kajian terkini membuktikan bahawa penggunaan bendalir gerudi berkelikatan tinggi berupaya meningkatkan CTP jika regim aliran adalah gelora. Walau bagaimanapun, peningkatan kelikatan dalam regim aliran peralihan atau laminar masing-masing mengurangkan CTP secara beransur atau mendadak. Kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa peningkatan sudut kecondongan dari 60° ke 90° memberikan kesan yang positif terhadap CTP. Parameter operasi yang memberikan kesan yang ketara dalam kajian ini ialah halaju aliran, dengan peningkatan kecil yang dialami oleh halaju aliran berjaya memberikan kesan positif yang nyata dalam pembersihan lubang telaga. Kata kunci: Kecekapan penyingkiran rincisan; prestasi pengangkutan rincisan; rincisan gerudi; bendalir gerudi; pembersihan lubang telaga Deviation from vertical path makes drill cuttings to accumulate on the lower side of the wellbore that induces the formation of cuttings bed. Subsequently, relative problems occur while drilling. Excessive torque and drag, difficulties in running casing in hole and accomplishing good cementing jobs and mechanical pipe sticking are few of the classical examples of such problems. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of influential parameters on hole cleaning seems to be essential. This paper presents results of an experimental study that was carried out to evaluate cuttings removal efficiency of three types of drilling fluid. Experiments were conducted using a 17 feet long opaque flow loop of 2 inch diameter as test section. For each test, the amount of cuttings transport performance (CTP) was determined from weight measurements. Three operating parameters were considered, namely drilling fluid viscosity, fluid velocity, and hole inclination. It showed that the use of high-viscosity drilling fluid improved CTP if the flow regime was turbulent. However, increasing viscosity when flow regime was transient or laminar flow lessened CTP gradually or sharply respectively. It was also revealed that an incremental increase in hole inclination from 60° to 90° has a positive effect on CTP. The most influential parameter in this study was fluid velocity in which a small raise of fluid velocity resulted in a substantial positive effect on hole cleaning. Key words: Cuttings removal efficiency; cuttings transport performance; drill cuttings; drilling fluid; hole cleaning

Hydraulic System Simulation of Heavy Horizontal Directional Drilling Head

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 428-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Fei ◽  
Shu Yang Cong ◽  
Bin Bian
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Horizontal Directional Drilling ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
System Power

According to the features of heavy horizontal directional drill hydraulic system, power head hydraulic system which is the main working mechanism of the 280t horizontal directional drilling is modeled and simulated base on Amesim. On that basis, we adjust working characteristics of this model and make the point of view that feedback control parameters which is the hydraulic system of heavy drill should be adjusted according to the soil conditions. So that it can enhance the utilization rate of the machine power and drilling efficiency in different operating modes.

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