scholarly journals Techno-economic analysis: Preliminary assessment of pyrolysis oil production costs and material energy balance associated with a transportable fast pyrolysis system

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Phil Badger ◽  
Scott Badger ◽  
Maureen Puettmann ◽  
Philip Steele ◽  
Jerome Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pine Wood Chips ◽  
The Cost

A techno-economic analysis was performed for a 100 dry-ton/day (90,719 kg/day) fast pyrolysis transportable plant. Renewable Oil International® LLC provided the life cycle cost of operating a 100 dry-ton/day fast pyrolysis system using southern pine wood chips as feedstock. Since data was not available from an actual large-scale plant, the study examined data obtained from an actual 15 dry-ton/day pilot plant and from several smaller plants. These data were used to obtain base figures to aid in the development of models to generate scaled-up costs for a larger 100 dry-ton/day facility. Bio-oil represented 60% of mass of product yield. The cost for the bio-oil from fast pyrolysis was valued at $0.94/gal. Energy cost bio-oil and char was valued at $6.35/MMBTU. Costs associated with purchasing feedstocks can drastically influence the final cost of the bio-oil. The assumed cost of feedstocks was $25/wet ton or $50/dry ton. This paper is part of a larger study investigating the economic and environmental impacts for producing bio-oil / biocide wood preservatives.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Fast Pyrolysis of Date Palm Waste for Adoption in Saudi Arabia

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6048
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Al Yahya ◽  
Tahir Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Mubashar Omar ◽  
Munir Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Date Palm Waste ◽  
Palm Waste

Date palm trees, being an important source of nutrition, are grown at a large scale in Saudi Arabia. The biomass waste of date palm, discarded of in a non-environmentally-friendly manner at present, can be used for biofuel generation through the fast pyrolysis technique. This technique is considered viable for thermochemical conversion of solid biomass into biofuels in terms of the initial investment, production cost, and operational cost, as well as power consumption and thermal application cost. In this study, a techno-economic analysis has been performed to assess the feasibility of converting date palm waste into bio-oil, char, and burnable gases by defining the optimum reactor design and thermal profile. Previous studies concluded that at an optimum temperature of 525 °C, the maximum bio-oil, char and gases obtained from pyrolysis of date palm waste contributed 38.8, 37.2 and 24% of the used feed stock material (on weight basis), respectively, while fluidized bed reactor exhibited high suitability for fast pyrolysis. Based on the pyrolysis product percentage, the economic analysis estimated the net saving of USD 556.8 per ton of the date palm waste processed in the pyrolysis unit. It was further estimated that Saudi Arabia could earn USD 44.77 million per annum, approximately, if 50% of the total date palm waste were processed through fast pyrolysis, with a payback time of 2.57 years. Besides that, this intervention will reduce 2029 tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually, contributing towards a lower carbon footprint.

A review of gasification of bio-oil for gas production

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1600-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Lu Zheng ◽  
Ya-Hong Zhu ◽  
Ming-Qiang Zhu ◽  
Kang Kang ◽  
Run-Cang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Advanced Fuels ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Effective Transport ◽  
The Cost

The commercial production of advanced fuels based on bio-oil gasification could be promising because the cost-effective transport of bio-oil could promote large-scale implementation of this biomass technology.

Steam Reforming of Biomass Pyrolysis Oil: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale George Adeniyi ◽  
Kevin Shegun Otoikhian ◽  
Joshua O. Ighalo
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Economic Analyses

Abstract The steam reforming of biomass pyrolysis oil is a well-established means of producing the more useful bio-hydrogen. Bio-oil has a comparatively low heating value, incomplete volatility and acidity, hence upgrading to a more useful product is required. Over the years, the experimental conditions of the process have been studied extensively in the domain of catalysis and process variable optimisation. Sorption enhancement is now being applied to the system to improve the purity of the hydrogen stream. Lifecycle analyses has revealed that bio-hydrogen offers considerable reductions in energy consumption compared to fossil fuel-derived hydrogen. Also, green-house-gas savings from the process can also be as high as 54.5 %. Unfortunately, techno-economic analyses have elucidated that bio-hydrogen production is still hampered by high production costs. Research endeavours in steam reforming of biomass bio-oil is done with an eye for developing added value products that can complement, substitute (and one day replace) fossil fuels whilst ameliorating the global warming menace.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis for Setting Appropriate Repair Cycles on the Fixed Materials and Facilities in the Public Rental Housing

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Min Choi ◽  
Yeon-Sil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Rental Housing ◽  
Maintenance Cycle ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Optimal Maintenance ◽  
The Cost

Currently, repair and maintenance cycles that follow the completion of construction facilities lead to the necessitation of subsequent data on the analysis of study and plan for maintenance. As such, an index of evaluation was drafted and a plan of maintenance cycle was computed using the investigation data derived from surveying target housing units in permanent rental environmental conditions, with a minimum age of 20 years, and their maintenance history. Optimal maintenance and replacement methods were proposed based on this data. Economic analysis was conducted through the Risk-Weighted Life Cycle Cost (RWLCC) method in order to determine the cost analysis of maintenance life cycle methods used for repair. Current maintenance cycle methods that have been used for 20 years were also compared with alternative maintenance cycles.

Fast Pyrolysis Oil for Power Generation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Chiaramonti ◽  
Anja Oasmaa ◽  
Yrjo¨ Solantausta
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil

Biomass fast-pyrolysis oil (PO) is a liquid biofuel derived from lignocellulosic biomass: it offers several advantages compared to the direct us of solid bio fuels, such as high energy density, storability and transportability typical of liquid fuels, possibility to use the fuel in engines and turbines, easier downscaling of plants (which is a very important aspect for decentralized energy generation schemes). In addition, PO is the lowest cost biofuel, thus offering the possibility to penetrate also the large scale power generation market. Biomass POs have been studied and applications tested for many years, either for heat generation in medium-scale boilers or power generation. The present works reviews and analyses the most relevant experiences carried out so far and published results in power production from biomass PO. Power generation systems (PGS) which are here examined are gas turbines, diesel engines, stirling engines, as well as co-firing applications in large scale power plants (coal or natural gas plants). The main techniques for upgrading this biofuel and their impact on technologies are also shortly introduced and considered. The current status of development for each PO-based power generation option is discussed. This review work showed that long term demonstration (either technical or economical) is however still needed, even for the most developed technologies (use of PO in modified gas turbines and cofiring in natural gas stations): projects are on going to achieve long term demonstration.

Fast Pyrolysis of Distillated Ashe Juniper Biomass

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime J. Jua´rez ◽  
Victor R. Contreras ◽  
Gaston R. Haupert ◽  
Steven Hill ◽  
Daren E. Daugaard
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Ashe Juniper ◽  
Liquid Yield

Ashe Juniper is one of three major species of juniper native to Texas. Communities of Ashe Juniper occupy over 8 million acres of Texas rangelands and are responsible for herbage reduction, which adversely impacts the livestock carrying capacity. Ashe Juniper wood contains aromatic liquids called essential oils, which are economically beneficial for the personal care products industry. In order to exploit this benefit Texarome, Inc. of Leaky, Texas uses a large-scale steam distillation process to extract aromatic liquids from Ashe Juniper. This process results in a large quantity of Ashe Juniper woodchip waste for which there is few uses. A moderate temperature process known as fast pyrolysis was used to convert steam-distillated Ashe Juniper into a liquid known as bio-oil. An average liquid yield of 40.8% is reported for steam-distillated Ashe Juniper biomass and an average liquid yield of 47.3% is reported Ashe Juniper biomass that has not undergone the steam distillation process. This work demonstrates that the energy content of steam distillated Ashe Juniper can be extracted and the conversion to bio-oil is another potential use for Ashe Juniper woodchip waste. An economic model of Ashe Juniper biomass developed previously by Jua´rez and Daugaard was used to examine the economic impact of steam-distilled Ashe Juniper by simulating a 4,046-hectare (10,000 acre) Ashe Juniper energy plantation. It was found that bio-oil could be produced for as little as $5.20/GJ on a lower heating value basis if re-investment of profits made from the sale of essential oils extracted during the steam distillation process was assumed. Bio-oil from un-distillated Ashe Juniper could be produced for $13.21/GJ.

scholarly journals Techno-Economical Evaluation of Bio-Oil Production via Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Process: A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abrar Inayat ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmed ◽  
Rumaisa Tariq ◽  
Ammara Waris ◽  
Farrukh Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Integration Strategy ◽  
Economical Evaluation ◽  
Bio Oil

Biomass pyrolysis is one of the beneficial sources of the production of sustainable bio-oil. Currently, marketable bio-oil plants are scarce because of the complex operations and lower profits. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehend the relationship between technological parameters and economic practicality. This review outlines the technical and economical routine to produce bio-oils from various biomass by fast pyrolysis. Explicit pointers were compared, such as production cost, capacity, and biomass type for bio-oil production. The bio-oil production cost is crucial for evaluating the market compatibility with other biofuels available. Different pretreatments, upgrades and recycling processes influenced production costs. Using an energy integration strategy, it is possible to produce bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis. The findings of this study might lead to bio-oil industry-related research aimed at commercializing the product.

A techno-economic analysis of thermochemical pathways for corncob-to-energy: Fast pyrolysis to bio-oil, gasification to methanol and combustion to electricity

2019 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Victor Brigagão ◽  
Ofélia de Queiroz Fernandes Araújo ◽  
José Luiz de Medeiros ◽  
Hrvoje Mikulcic ◽  
Neven Duic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil

Best Project Management and Systems Engineering Practices in the Preacquisition Phase for Federal Intelligence and Defense Agencies

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
Engineering Practices ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Office Personnel

The analysis of several government defense and intelligence agency large-scale acquisition programs that experienced significant cost and schedule growth shows that several critical factors need to be addressed in the preacquisition phase of the acquisition cycle. These include overzealous advocacy, technology readiness levels, life-cycle cost, schedule details, requirements maturity, acquisition and contract strategy, program office personnel tenure and experience, risk management, systems engineering, and trade studies. The results of this study–which incorporated data from industry responses, government and industry executive interviews, numerous studies, and reports–indicate that early preacquisition activities executed in a rigorous fashion can significantly reduce the risk of cost and schedule growth. In this paper, the root causes of the cost and schedule growth are discussed as well as techniques and alternatives to improve program performance.

Experimentally Derived Arrhenius Coefficients for the Reaction Modeling of Fast Pyrolysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rhett Mayor ◽  
Alexander Williams
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Bulk Reaction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Mass Conversion ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

The search for fossil fuel alternatives has been one of increasing interest in recent years and one method which shows evidence of feasibility on a large scale is the production of bio-oil through the pyrolysis of biomass. In order to mathematically characterize biomass pyrolysis reactions for the purpose of process modeling, reaction descriptors in the form of Arrhenius coefficients are frequently utilized. Due to the complexity and inhomogeneity of biomass molecular structures, strictly analytically derived Arrhenius coefficients are not capable of predicting pyrolysis behaviors and outcomes. Typically thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is employed as a method of extracting mass conversion data as a function of temperature from which bulk reaction descriptors following the form of Arrhenius reaction coefficients are derived. The preceding time and temperature history, however, will have a significant impact on the biomass conversion processes at each subsequent data point. This renders derived process predictors from TGA incapable of approximating fast pyrolysis reactions which have a markedly different time and temperature history than is seen utilizing TGA methods. Experimentally derived reaction descriptors of the Arrhenius form for the fast pyrolysis of biomass have been investigated utilizing a novel isothermal fast pyrolysis reactor. Multiple reaction durations and reaction temperatures for Pinus Taeda were tested resulting in measurements of biomass conversion. Reaction coefficients derived from the data are compared to coefficients derived utilizing TGA data and their predictions for mass conversion are contrasted.

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