Dry Air Turbo-Compression Cooling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Bandhauer ◽  
Shane D. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Turbo Compressor

Electric power plants in the U.S. dissipate 4.3 billion gallons of water per day into the atmosphere through evaporative cooling. As freshwater resources become constrained, it will be essential for power plants to transition from evaporative cooling to dry air cooling. One of the major problems associated with dry air cooling is the large size and associated cost of the dry air heat exchangers due to the large surface area required to overcome the low convective heat transfer coefficient of air. This study investigates using low-grade waste heat available in the combustion exhaust gases (106°C inlet, 86 MW dry waste heat available) of a 565 MW Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant (NGCC) to drive a supplemental high efficiency turbo-compression cooling (TCC) system that decreases the size of the dry air heat exchangers. In this system, both a recuperative Rankine cycle and a supercritical system were considered to drive a turbo-compressor. The low-grade waste heat is supplied to a flue gas heat exchanger in either the recuperative Rankine or supercritical cycle to generate power that drives a vapor compression cycle to supply supplementary cooling for the power plant condenser water. For the TCC system to operate at a high COP, both the turbine and compressor must operate at isentropic efficiencies exceeding 80%. This high efficiency has been demonstrated for centrifugal turbomachines for a wide variety of applications over small ranges of specific speed: from 45 to 100 for turbines, and from 80 to 140 for compressors. In the present study, a wide range of possible fluids was considered to perform a complete system level thermodynamic analysis combined with a turbo-compressor dimensional scaling analysis. The results of the analyses show that the total UA required for both the primary dry air coolers and the dry air condensers in the supercritical TCC system with a COP of 2 is 26% less than the UA required for dry air cooling alone (from 150.7 to 111.5 MW K−1). As a result, using the supercritical TCC cooling system has the potential to reduce the overall cost of dry air cooling relative to the state of the art.

Technoeconomic Optimization of Turbocompression Cooling Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer C. Gibson ◽  
Derek Young ◽  
Todd M. Bandhauer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Total System ◽  
Cooling Systems

Low grade waste heat streams with temperatures near 100°C are abundant, presenting a significant opportunity to reduce primary energy consumption across the world. For example, thermally activated cooling systems can utilize waste heat to meet air conditioning loads. Recently, a turbocompression cooling system (TCCS) that utilizes low grade waste heat from power plants was investigated to improve the economic viability of dry air cooling systems. The TCCS utilizes Rankine and vapor-compression cycles that are directly coupled through a high efficiency centrifugal turbine and a compressor. In this paper, a coupled thermodynamic, heat transfer, and economic model for a TCCS is applied to utilizing low grade engine coolant waste heat to meet cargo ship cooling load requirements while minimizing the payback period for a particular operational scenario. The results of this study show that with a constant heat input of 2 MW, the liquid coupled turbocompression cooling system provided 642 kW of cooling with a payback period of 2 years and 6 months, and the total cost of the heat exchangers made up more than 84% of the total system cost. In addition, a sensitivity analysis showed that the effectiveness of the power cycle heat exchangers have a stronger influence on the payback period than the cooling cycle heat exchangers.

Thermo-Economic Analysis on Waste Heat and Water Recovery Systems of Boiler Exhaust in Coal-Fired Power Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaixuan Yang ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Junjie Yan
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Static Recovery

Abstract Waste heat and water recovery from boiler exhaust fluegas is significant for reducing coal and water consumption of coal-fired power plants. In this study, waste heat and water recovery system No.1 (WHWR1) and No.2 (WHWR2) were proposed with a 330MW air-cooling coal-fired power plant as the reference power plant. In these systems, boiler exhaust fluegas is cooled to 95 °C in fluegas coolers before being fed to the electrostatic precipitator. Moreover, a fluegas condenser is installed after the desulfurizer to recover water from fluegas. The recovered waste heat is used to heat the condensation water of the regenerative system, boiler feeding air and the fluegas after fluegas condenser. Then, thermodynamic and economic analyses were carried out. Heat exchangers’ areas of WHWRs are affected by heat loads and heat transfer temperature differences. For the unit area cost of heat exchangers is different, the cost of WHWRs may be decreased by optimizing multiple thermodynamic parameters of WHWR. Therefore, the optimization models based on Genetic Algorithm were developed to obtain the optimal system parameters with best economic performance. Results show that the change in coal consumption rate (Δb) is ∼ 4.8 g kW−1 h−1 in WHWR2 and ∼ 2.9 g kW−1 h−1 in WHWR1. About 15.3 kg s−1 of water can be saved and recovered when the fluegas moisture content is reduced to 8.5%. The investment of WHWR2 is higher than WHWR1, while the static recovery period of WHWR2 is shorter than that of WHWR1 for the additional Δb of pre air pre-heater.

scholarly journals Using adsorption chillers for utilising waste heat from power plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Sztekler ◽  
Wojciech Kalawa ◽  
Sebastian Stefanski ◽  
Jaroslaw Krzywanski ◽  
Karolina Grabowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Adsorption Chiller

At present, energy efficiency is a very important issue and it is power generation facilities, among others, that have to confront this challenge. The simultaneous production of electricity, heat and cooling, the so-called trigeneration, allows for substantial savings in the chemical energy of fuels. More efficient use of the primary energy contained in fuels translates into tangible earnings for power plants while reductions in the amounts of fuel burned, and of non-renewable resources in particular, certainly have a favorable impact on the natural environment. The main aim of the paper was to investigate the contribution of the use of adsorption chillers to improve the energy efficiency of a conventional power plant through the utilization of combined heat and power waste heat, involving the use of adsorption chillers. An adsorption chiller is an item of industrial equipment that is driven by low grade heat and intended to produce chilled water and desalinated water. Nowadays, adsorption chillers exhibit a low coefficient of performance. This type of plant is designed to increase the efficiency of the primary energy use. This objective as well as the conservation of non-renewable energy resources is becoming an increasingly important aspect of the operation of power generation facilities. As part of their project, the authors have modelled the cycle of a conventional heat power plant integrated with an adsorption chiller-based plant. Multi-variant simulation calculations were performed using IPSEpro simulation software.

Ammonia Bottoming Cycle Development at Electricité de France for Nuclear Power Plants

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fleury
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Major Benefit ◽  
Dry Cooling

An ammonia bottoming cycle is under active development at Electricité de France. To be implemented in a nuclear power plant downstream from the steam cycle, shortened for this application, its purpose is to make it possible to practice air cooling in satisfactory economic conditions. After an analysis of the main parameters of the bottoming cycle (H2O/NH3) (i.e., back pressure and temperature differences in the heat exchangers) its advantages are enumerated: in addition to those the dry cooling concept, the major benefit consists of the fact that the bottoming cycle makes use of low atmospheric temperatures in winter, producing a significant increase in the power output, just when it is most needed in many geographic locations. Emphasis is placed on the experimental work performed on E.D.F. test facilities and the construction of a 20-MWe demonstration bottoming cycle power plant at Gennevilliers power station. A brief account is given of test results and experimental programs.

Performance Evaluation of Multi-Stage Shell and Tube Transport Membrane Condenser Heat Exchangers for Low Grade Waste Heat and Water Recovery

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Soleimanikutanaei ◽  
Cheng-Xian Lin ◽  
Dexin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Shell And Tube

In this work for the first time the performance of multi-stage shell and tube Transport Membrane Condenser (TMC) based heat exchangers are evaluated numerically. The present heat exchanger is design to work under high pressure and temperature condition for both heat and water recovery in Oxy-Combustion processes. TMC heat exchangers use the nano-porous and ceramic membrane technology to extract the water vapor and latent heat of condensation from the flue-gas. The most important application of TMC heat exchangers is in the power plants which the water vapor in the presence of other non-condensable gases (i.e. CO2, O2 and N2) exist. Effect of the different arrangement of the multi-stage shell and tube TMC heat exchangers, number of branches and number of heat exchangers in each branch on the heat transfer and water recovery have been studied numerically. A single phase multi-component model is used to assess the capability of single stage TMC heat exchangers in terms of waste heat and water recovery at various inlet conditions. Numerical simulation has been performed using ANSYS-FLUENT software and the condensation rate model has been implemented applying User Define Function. Finally, an optimum configuration for the TMC heat exchanger unit has been proposed and the results of numerical simulations are depicted in terms of temperature and water vapor mass fraction contours.

scholarly journals Using CO2 as a Cooling Fluid for Power Plants: A Novel Approach for CO2 Storage and Utilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4974
Author(s):  
Tran X. Phuoc ◽  
Mehrdad Massoudi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Cooling Fluid ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Power Plant Cooling

To our knowledge, the potential use of CO2 as a heat-transmitting fluid for cooling applications in power plants has not been explored very extensively. In this paper, we conduct a theoretical analysis to explore the use of CO2 as the heat transmission fluid. We evaluate and compare the thermophysical properties of both dry air and CO2 and perform a simple analysis on a steam-condensing device where steam flows through one of the flow paths and the cooling fluid (CO2 or air) is expanded from a high-pressure container and flows through the other. Sample calculations are carried out for a saturated-vapor steam at 0.008 MPa and 41.5 °C with the mass flow rate of 0.01 kg/s. The pressure of the storage container ranges from 1 to 5 MPa, and its temperature is kept at 35 °C. The pressure of the cooling fluid (CO2 or dry air) is set at 0.1 MPa. With air as the heat-removing fluid, the steam exits the condensing device as a vapor-liquid steam of 53% to 10% vapor for the container pressure of 1 to 5 MPa. With CO2 as the heat-removing fluid, the steam exits the device still containing 44% and 7% vapor for the container pressure of 1 MPa and 2 MPa, respectively. For the container pressure of 3 MPa and higher, the steam exits the device as a single-phase saturated liquid. Thus, due to its excellent Joule–Thomson cooling effect and heat capacity, CO2 is a better fluid for power plant cooling applications. The condensing surface area is also estimated, and the results show that when CO2 is used, the condensing surface is 50% to 60% less than that when dry air is used. This leads to significant reductions in the condenser size and the capital costs. A rough estimate of the amount of CO2 that can be stored and utilized is also carried out for a steam power plant which operates with steam with a temperature of 540 °C (813 K) and a pressure of 10 MPa at the turbine inlet and saturated-vapor steam at 0.008 MPa at the turbine outlet. The results indicate that if CO2 is used as a cooling fluid, CO2 emitted from a 1000 MW power plant during a period of 250 days could be stored and utilized.

Energy and Exergy Analyses of a Power Plant With Carbon Dioxide Capture Using Multistage Chemical Looping Combustion

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Hassan ◽  
Oghare Victor Ogidiama ◽  
Mohammed N. Khan ◽  
Tariq Shamim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Efficiency Gain

A thermodynamic model and parametric analysis of a natural gas-fired power plant with carbon dioxide (CO2) capture using multistage chemical looping combustion (CLC) are presented. CLC is an innovative concept and an attractive option to capture CO2 with a significantly lower energy penalty than other carbon-capture technologies. The principal idea behind CLC is to split the combustion process into two separate steps (redox reactions) carried out in two separate reactors: an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction, by introducing a suitable metal oxide which acts as an oxygen carrier (OC) that circulates between the two reactors. In this study, an Aspen Plus model was developed by employing the conservation of mass and energy for all components of the CLC system. In the analysis, equilibrium-based thermodynamic reactions with no OC deactivation were considered. The model was employed to investigate the effect of various key operating parameters such as air, fuel, and OC mass flow rates, operating pressure, and waste heat recovery on the performance of a natural gas-fired power plant with multistage CLC. The results of these parameters on the plant's thermal and exergetic efficiencies are presented. Based on the lower heating value, the analysis shows a thermal efficiency gain of more than 6 percentage points for CLC-integrated natural gas power plants compared to similar power plants with pre- or post-combustion CO2 capture technologies.

Heat Exchanger Options for Dry Air Cooling for the sCO2 Brayton Cycle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Moisseytsev ◽  
Qiuping Lv ◽  
James J. Sienicki
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Finned Tube ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Air Cooler ◽  
Forced Air

The capability to utilize dry air cooling by which heat is directly rejected to the air atmosphere heat sink is one of the benefits of the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) energy conversion cycle. For the selection and analysis of the heat exchanger options for dry air cooling applications for the sCO2 cycle, two leading forced air flow design approaches have been identified and analyzed for this application; an air cooler consisting of modular finned tube air coolers; and an air cooler consisting of modular compact diffusion-bonded heat exchangers. The commercially available modular finned tube air cooler is found to be more cost effective and is selected as the reference for dry air cooling.

scholarly journals Performance Characteristics of Solid-Desiccant Evaporative Cooling Systems

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadas Narayanan ◽  
Edward Halawa ◽  
Sanjeev Jain
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Cooling Systems

Air conditioning accounts for up to 50% of energy use in buildings. Increased air-conditioning-system installations not only increase total energy consumption but also raise peak load demand. Desiccant evaporative cooling systems use low-grade thermal energy, such as solar energy and waste heat, instead of electricity to provide thermal comfort. This system can potentially lead to significant energy saving, reduction in carbon emissions, and it has a low dew-point operation and large capacity range. Their light weight, simplicity of design, and close-to-atmospheric operation make them easy to maintain. This paper evaluates the applicability of this technology to the climatic conditions of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, specifically for the residential sector. Given the subtropical climate of Brisbane, where humidity levels are not excessively high during cooling periods, the numerical study shows that such a system can be a potential alternative to conventional compression-based air-conditioning systems. Nevertheless, the installation of such a system in Brisbane’s climate zone requires careful design, proper selection of components, and a cheap heat source for regeneration. The paper also discusses the economy-cycle options for this system in such a climate and compares its effectiveness to natural ventilation.

scholarly journals Thermal and Economic Analysis of Multi-Effect Concentration System by Utilizing Waste Heat of Flue Gas for Magnesium Desulfurization Wastewater

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingwei Yan ◽  
Yuetao Shi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Optimization System ◽  
Benchmark System ◽  
Better Than

Compared with limestone-based wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD), magnesia-based WFGD has many advantages, but it is not popular in China, due to the lack of good wastewater treatment schemes. This paper proposes the wastewater treatment scheme of selling magnesium sulfate concentrate, and makes thermal and economic analysis for different concentration systems in the scheme. Comparisons of different concentration systems for 300 MW power plant were made to determine which system is the best. The results show that the parallel-feed benchmark system is better than the forward-feed benchmark system, and the parallel-feed optimization system with the 7-process is better than other parallel-feed optimization systems. Analyses of the parallel-feed optimization system with 7-process were made in 300, 600, and 1000 MW power plants. The results show that the annual profit of concentration system for a 300, 600, and 1000 MW power plant is about 2.58 million, 5.35 million, and 7.89 million Chinese Yuan (CNY), respectively. In different concentration systems of the scheme for selling magnesium sulfate concentrate, the parallel-feed optimization system with the 7-process has the best performance. The scheme can make a good profit in 300, 600, and 1000 MW power plants, and it is very helpful for promoting magnesia-based WFGD in China.

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