International Harmonisation: A Key Challenge for Mechanical Components Codes and Standards

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Faidy
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Industrial History ◽  
Global Quality ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Program Comparison ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
International Harmonisation ◽  
Code Development

Many Code Comparisons have been done by different organizations. The differences are better and better known by Code Development Organizations like ASME, AFCEN, JSME, KEPIC, CSA and NIKIET. This paper uses the last MDEP (Multinational Design Evaluation Program) comparison for class 1 components to classify differences in different aspects: - National regulatory requirements - Technical differences - Scope differences. Few examples are selected to confirm needs of harmonization in different areas like: documentation, design rules, materials, product specifications, welding and non destructive examination personal qualifications. The paper concludes on selected topics proposed for harmonization by AFCEN. The objectives of this paper is to discuss technical harmonization of Nuclear Codes and Standards, based on French long experience in Codes and Standards used for design-fabrication and operation of nuclear components (mainly pressure retaining components). After a long period of use of ASME Section III code, during the Westinghouse licensing process, AFCEN (AREVA, EDF and the major manufacturers) decided to develop their own AFCEN French Codes. The 1st version has been issued in 1980 and the last one in 2007, completed by annual addendum. During more than 20 years the 2 Codes, RCC-M and ASME Section III, have leave separately, with different constraints like industrial history, localisation of fabrication, more new plants in France than in USA, different R&D programs to support Code improvement… Recently a detailed review of differences for class 1 vessel has showed under a “general global quality equivalence”, a lot of differences in the Code development process, in the Code organization, in the scopes, in the State of the Art fulfillment, in ageing consideration at the design stage, in relation with national or international regulations, in term of standards used or complementary specification needs… The harmonization of Codes and Standards is possible under an important effort to move toward new ideas, more international rules and with a strong support of national safety authorities.

Comparison and Harmonization of French RCCM and ASME Code

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Faidy
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Industrial History ◽  
Global Quality ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
New Ideas

The objectives of this paper is to discuss technical harmonization of Nuclear Codes and Standards, based on French long experience in Codes and Standards used for design-fabrication and operation of nuclear components (mainly pressure retaining components). After a long period of use of ASME Section III code, during the Westinghouse licensing process, AFCEN (AREVA, EDF and the major manufacturers) decided to develop their own AFCEN French Codes. The 1st version has been issued in 1980 and the last one in 2007, completed by annual addendum. During more than 20 years the 2 Codes, RCCM and ASME Section III, have leave separately, with different constraints like industrial history, localisation of fabrication, more new plants in France than in USA, different R&D programs to support Code improvement… Recently a detailed review of differences for class 1 vessel has showed under a “general global quality equivalence”, a lot of differences in the Code development process, in the Code organization, in the scopes, in the State of the Art fulfillment, in ageing consideration at the design stage, in relation with national or international regulations, in term of standards used or complementary specification needs… The harmonization of Codes and Standards is possible under an important effort to move toward new ideas, more international rules and with a strong support of national safety authorities.

Toward International Harmonization of Nuclear Codes and Standards

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Faidy
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Industrial History ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Global Quality ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
New Ideas

The objectives of this paper is to discuss technical harmonization of Nuclear Codes and Standards, based on French long experience in Codes and Standards used for design-fabrication and operation of nuclear components (mainly pressure retaining components). After a long period of use of ASME Section III code, during the Westinghouse licensing process, AFCEN (AREVA, EDF and the major manufacturers) decided to develop their own AFCEN French Codes. The 1st version has been issued in 1980 and the last one in 2007, completed by annual addendum. During more than 20 years the 2 Codes, RCCM and ASME Section III, have left separately, with different constraints like industrial history, localization of fabrication, more new plants in France than in USA, different R&D programs to support Code improvement. Recently a detailed review of differences for class 1 vessel has shown under a “general global quality equivalence”, a lot of differences in the Code development process, in the Code organization, in the scopes, in the State of the Art fulfillment, in ageing consideration at the design stage, in relation with national or international regulations, in term of standards used or complementary specification needs. The harmonization of Codes and Standards is possible under an important effort to move toward new ideas, more international rules and with a strong support of national safety authorities.

scholarly journals Development of Teaching Materials for Volleyball Games through an PJOK AKTIF Approach (Fun, Character, Measurable, Innovation, and Fit)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-209
Author(s):  
Moh Rufron ◽  
Muhammad Muhyi ◽  
Harwanto Harwanto
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Test Stage ◽  
Product Trial ◽  
Class 1

This study aims to determine the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of teaching materials for learning PJOK ACTIVE (Fun, Character, Measurable, Innovation, and Fit) at SMP Negeri III Kamal Bangkalan. The benefits of this research are expected to increase students' understanding and students' abilities in PJOK learning practices. This research is a type of development research. There are 10 stages in the product development process starting from the preliminary study stage, planning stage, initial product design stage, field test stage, revision stage, main field test stage, product revision stage, group test stage, final product revision stage, and dissemination stage. The research was conducted at SMPN 3 Kamal Bangkalan from January to May 2021 with a total of 137 students. The data were analyzed using the percentage of the product trial results. The results of the study showed that the results of the product development of teaching materials for ACTIVE PJOK learning for students of SMPN 3 Class 1 in Kamal Bangkalan were declared feasible, very helpful, and could support the implementation of PJOK learning in schools. The results of product development that have been produced can be used as a reference in PJOK learning and besides that it can be developed according to needs.

Traffic Separation—What Next?

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
R. K. N. Emden
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Small Ship ◽  
The Way

It is now generally agreed that the principles of traffic separation, in formulation of which this Institute has played an important part, are proving themselves a success and now that Imco traffic separation schemes have acquired a legal status, specifically under Rule 10 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972), it is appropriate to take stock of the situation and to look ahead.As far as the Dover Strait is concerned it can be surely said that the number of ships contravening the Regulations continues to decrease and, more important, that the number of collisions has been reduced. Nevertheless apparent infringements continue to occur at the rate of nearly one. every hour and there have already been three collisions this year. In the Dover Strait we have a daily throughput of 300 ships and an average crossing population of about 200 passages each day. Nevertheless the average tonnage of all ships is only about 2000; it may well be a small ship which will precipitate a disaster, and it is mainly with the problems of the small ship that I am now concerned. The aim of this paper is to suggest possible steps which may be taken to improve the safety of navigation and by promoting discussion it may be possible to obtain a clearer view of the mariner's needs, what is practical in the way of meeting these needs, and what new ideas may have to be introduced if there should be a demand for further action. These include passive measures, which must be handled administratively and ashore, and active measures, which directly concern the master's navigation of his ship.

Stress Classification and Assessment of Locally Thinned Class 1 Piping Components

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
San Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
Stress Classification ◽  
Class 1

Carbon steel piping components, such as elbows, and bends are extensively used in the primary heat transport systems of nuclear power plants. During the design stage, a corrosion allowance of 1/32” to 1/8” is normally assumed for wall thickness calculations. The corrosion is assumed to occur uniformly around the circumference of the piping component. The Class 1 piping components are designed to ASME Section III rules. Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) affects ‘local’ areas creating ‘patches’ or ‘pits’ of thinned wall in critical piping components. If a single thickness value corresponding to the thinnest section is chosen to analyze these components, then the analysis would be too conservative. In addition, the analysis would not reflect the true state of the stress and displacement field in the localized thin wall area. To address these issues, a comprehensive scheme utilizing Finite Element Analysis is developed in this paper. This scheme employs the NB-3200 approach in calculating and classifying the stresses in irregularly or non-uniformly thinned nuclear piping components. The allowable are derived based on the ASME Section III rules. The stresses are classified as primary, secondary, membrane, bending, and peak. The combined primary and secondary stresses, primary and secondary and peak stresses are evaluated and compared to established Code allowable to assure that the requirements are met.. It is shown that the stress classification approach developed in this paper is robust and ensures adequate safety of the structure to withstand design and operational conditions.

Amyloid β-peptide and Alzheimer's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Allsop ◽  
Jennifer Mayes
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Aβ Amyloid ◽  
Amyloid Cascade

One of the hallmarks of AD (Alzheimer's disease) is the formation of senile plaques in the brain, which contain fibrils composed of Aβ (amyloid β-peptide). According to the ‘amyloid cascade’ hypothesis, the aggregation of Aβ initiates a sequence of events leading to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, neurodegeneration, and on to the main symptom of dementia. However, emphasis has now shifted away from fibrillar forms of Aβ and towards smaller and more soluble ‘oligomers’ as the main culprit in AD. The present chapter commences with a brief introduction to the disease and its current treatment, and then focuses on the formation of Aβ from the APP (amyloid precursor protein), the genetics of early-onset AD, which has provided strong support for the amyloid cascade hypothesis, and then on the development of new drugs aimed at reducing the load of cerebral Aβ, which is still the main hope for providing a more effective treatment for AD in the future.

Nonspecific Chronic Back Pain: Sixth Edition Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Jay Blaisdell ◽  
James B. Talmage
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Intervertebral Disk ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Intervertebral Disk Herniation ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Ratings for “non-specific chronic, or chronic reoccurring, back pain” are based on the diagnosis-based impairment method whereby an impairment class, usually representing a range of impairment values within a cell of a grid, is selected by diagnosis and “specific criteria” (key factors). Within the impairment class, the default impairment value then can be modified using non-key factors or “grade modifiers” such as functional history, physical examination, and clinical studies using the net adjustment formula. The diagnosis of “nonspecific chronic, or chronic reoccurring, back pain” can be rated in class 0 and 1; the former has a default value of 0%, and the latter has a default value of 2% before any modifications. The key concept here is that the physician believes that the patient is experiencing pain, yet there are no related objective findings, most notably radiculopathy as distinguished from “nonverifiable radicular complaints.” If the individual is found not to have radiculopathy and the medical record shows that the patient has never had clinically verifiable radiculopathy, then the diagnosis of “intervertebral disk herniation and/or AOMSI [alteration of motion segment integrity] cannot be used.” If the patient is asymptomatic at maximum medical improvement, then impairment Class 0 should be chosen, not Class 1; a final whole person impairment rating of 1% indicates incorrect use of the methodology.

Instrumental and Ideological Union Commitment: Longitudinal Assessment of Construct Validity

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Sjöberg ◽  
Magnus Sverke
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Union Commitment ◽  
Union Participation

Summary: Previous research has identified instrumentality and ideology as important aspects of member attachment to labor unions. The present study evaluated the construct validity of a scale designed to reflect the two dimensions of instrumental and ideological union commitment using a sample of 1170 Swedish blue-collar union members. Longitudinal data were used to test seven propositions referring to the dimensionality, internal consistency reliability, and temporal stability of the scale as well as postulated group differences in union participation to which the scale should be sensitive. Support for the hypothesized factor structure of the scale and for adequate reliabilities of the dimensions was obtained and was also replicated 18 months later. Tests for equality of measurement model parameters and test-retest correlations indicated support for the temporal stability of the scale. In addition, the results were consistent with most of the predicted differences between groups characterized by different patterns of change/stability in union participation status. The study provides strong support for the construct validity of the scale and indicates that it can be used in future theory testing on instrumental and ideological union commitment.

The Time Course of the Aversive Conflict Signal

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Fritz ◽  
Gesine Dreisbach
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Short Soas ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Presentation Time ◽  
Psychological Evidence ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Direct Investigation

The idea that conflicts are aversive signals recently has gained strong support by both physiological as well as psychological evidence. However, the time course of the aversive signal has not been subject to direct investigation. In the present study, participants had to judge the valence of neutral German words after being primed with conflict or non-conflict Stroop stimuli in three experiments with varying SOA (200 ms, 400 ms, 800 ms) and varying prime presentation time. Conflict priming effects (i.e., increased frequencies of negative judgments after conflict as compared to non-conflict primes) were found for SOAs of 200 ms and 400 ms, but absent (or even reversed) with a SOA of 800 ms. These results imply that the aversiveness of conflicts is evaluated automatically with short SOAs, but is actively counteracted with prolonged prime presentation.

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