Toward International Harmonization of Nuclear Codes and Standards

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Faidy
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Industrial History ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Global Quality ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
New Ideas

The objectives of this paper is to discuss technical harmonization of Nuclear Codes and Standards, based on French long experience in Codes and Standards used for design-fabrication and operation of nuclear components (mainly pressure retaining components). After a long period of use of ASME Section III code, during the Westinghouse licensing process, AFCEN (AREVA, EDF and the major manufacturers) decided to develop their own AFCEN French Codes. The 1st version has been issued in 1980 and the last one in 2007, completed by annual addendum. During more than 20 years the 2 Codes, RCCM and ASME Section III, have left separately, with different constraints like industrial history, localization of fabrication, more new plants in France than in USA, different R&D programs to support Code improvement. Recently a detailed review of differences for class 1 vessel has shown under a “general global quality equivalence”, a lot of differences in the Code development process, in the Code organization, in the scopes, in the State of the Art fulfillment, in ageing consideration at the design stage, in relation with national or international regulations, in term of standards used or complementary specification needs. The harmonization of Codes and Standards is possible under an important effort to move toward new ideas, more international rules and with a strong support of national safety authorities.

Comparison and Harmonization of French RCCM and ASME Code

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Faidy
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Industrial History ◽  
Global Quality ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
New Ideas

The objectives of this paper is to discuss technical harmonization of Nuclear Codes and Standards, based on French long experience in Codes and Standards used for design-fabrication and operation of nuclear components (mainly pressure retaining components). After a long period of use of ASME Section III code, during the Westinghouse licensing process, AFCEN (AREVA, EDF and the major manufacturers) decided to develop their own AFCEN French Codes. The 1st version has been issued in 1980 and the last one in 2007, completed by annual addendum. During more than 20 years the 2 Codes, RCCM and ASME Section III, have leave separately, with different constraints like industrial history, localisation of fabrication, more new plants in France than in USA, different R&D programs to support Code improvement… Recently a detailed review of differences for class 1 vessel has showed under a “general global quality equivalence”, a lot of differences in the Code development process, in the Code organization, in the scopes, in the State of the Art fulfillment, in ageing consideration at the design stage, in relation with national or international regulations, in term of standards used or complementary specification needs… The harmonization of Codes and Standards is possible under an important effort to move toward new ideas, more international rules and with a strong support of national safety authorities.

International Harmonisation: A Key Challenge for Mechanical Components Codes and Standards

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Faidy
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Industrial History ◽  
Global Quality ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Program Comparison ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
International Harmonisation ◽  
Code Development

Many Code Comparisons have been done by different organizations. The differences are better and better known by Code Development Organizations like ASME, AFCEN, JSME, KEPIC, CSA and NIKIET. This paper uses the last MDEP (Multinational Design Evaluation Program) comparison for class 1 components to classify differences in different aspects: - National regulatory requirements - Technical differences - Scope differences. Few examples are selected to confirm needs of harmonization in different areas like: documentation, design rules, materials, product specifications, welding and non destructive examination personal qualifications. The paper concludes on selected topics proposed for harmonization by AFCEN. The objectives of this paper is to discuss technical harmonization of Nuclear Codes and Standards, based on French long experience in Codes and Standards used for design-fabrication and operation of nuclear components (mainly pressure retaining components). After a long period of use of ASME Section III code, during the Westinghouse licensing process, AFCEN (AREVA, EDF and the major manufacturers) decided to develop their own AFCEN French Codes. The 1st version has been issued in 1980 and the last one in 2007, completed by annual addendum. During more than 20 years the 2 Codes, RCC-M and ASME Section III, have leave separately, with different constraints like industrial history, localisation of fabrication, more new plants in France than in USA, different R&D programs to support Code improvement… Recently a detailed review of differences for class 1 vessel has showed under a “general global quality equivalence”, a lot of differences in the Code development process, in the Code organization, in the scopes, in the State of the Art fulfillment, in ageing consideration at the design stage, in relation with national or international regulations, in term of standards used or complementary specification needs… The harmonization of Codes and Standards is possible under an important effort to move toward new ideas, more international rules and with a strong support of national safety authorities.

scholarly journals Catalogue of hazards: a fundamental part for the safe design of surgical robots

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Theisgen ◽  
Florian Strauch ◽  
Matías de la Fuente ◽  
Klaus Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Surgical Robots ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Early Phases ◽  
Intended Use

AbstractRisk classes defined by MDR and FDA for state-of-the-art surgical robots based on their intended use are not suitable as indicators for their hazard potential. While there is a lack of safety regulation for an increasing degree of automation as well as the degree of invasiveness into the patient’s body, adverse events have increased in the last decade. Thus, an outright identification of hazards as part of the risk analysis over the complete development process and life cycle of a surgical robot is crucial, especially when introducing new technologies. For this reason, we present a comprehensive approach for hazard identification in early phases of development. With this multi-perspective approach, the number of hazards identified can be increased. Furthermore, a generic catalogue of hazards for surgical robots has been established by categorising the results. The catalogue serves as a data pool for risk analyses and holds the potential to reduce hazards through safety measures already in the design process before becoming risks for the patient.

scholarly journals UV Inscription and Pressure Induced Long-Period Gratings through 3D Printed Amplitude Masks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1977
Author(s):  
Ricardo Oliveira ◽  
Liliana M. Sousa ◽  
Ana M. Rocha ◽  
Rogério Nogueira ◽  
Lúcia Bilro
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resonance Wavelength ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Long Period Gratings ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mechanical Pressing ◽  
First Time

In this work, we demonstrate for the first time the capability to inscribe long-period gratings (LPGs) with UV radiation using simple and low cost amplitude masks fabricated with a consumer grade 3D printer. The spectrum obtained for a grating with 690 µm period and 38 mm length presented good quality, showing sharp resonances (i.e., 3 dB bandwidth < 3 nm), low out-of-band loss (~0.2 dB), and dip losses up to 18 dB. Furthermore, the capability to select the resonance wavelength has been demonstrated using different amplitude mask periods. The customization of the masks makes it possible to fabricate gratings with complex structures. Additionally, the simplicity in 3D printing an amplitude mask solves the problem of the lack of amplitude masks on the market and avoids the use of high resolution motorized stages, as is the case of the point-by-point technique. Finally, the 3D printed masks were also used to induce LPGs using the mechanical pressing method. Due to the better resolution of these masks compared to ones described on the state of the art, we were able to induce gratings with higher quality, such as low out-of-band loss (0.6 dB), reduced spectral ripples, and narrow bandwidths (~3 nm).

scholarly journals Additive manufacturing of PLA-based scaffolds intended for bone regeneration and strategies to improve their biological properties

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-599
Author(s):  
Ricardo Donate ◽  
Mario Monzón ◽  
María Elena Alemán-Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Bone Scaffolds ◽  
Regeneration Of Bone

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most commonly used materials in the biomedical sector because of its processability, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Among the different techniques that are feasible to process this biomaterial, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained attention recently, as it provides the possibility of tuning the design of the structures. This flexibility in the design stage allows the customization of the parts in order to optimize their use in the tissue engineering field. In the recent years, the application of PLA for the manufacture of bone scaffolds has been especially relevant, since numerous studies have proven the potential of this biomaterial for bone regeneration. This review contains a description of the specific requirements in the regeneration of bone and how the state of the art have tried to address them with different strategies to develop PLA-based scaffolds by AM techniques and with improved biofunctionality.

scholarly journals Cooperative UAV Scheme for Enhancing Video Transmission and Global Network Energy Efficiency

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cumino ◽  
Wellington Lobato Junior ◽  
Thais Tavares ◽  
Hugo Santos ◽  
Denis Rosário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Video Transmission ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Impact

Collaboration between multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to set up a Flying Ad Hoc Network (FANET) is a growing trend since future applications claim for more autonomous and rapid deployable systems. The user experience on watching videos transmitted over FANETs should always be satisfactory even under influence of topology changes caused by the energy consumption of UAVs. In addition, the FANET must keep the UAVs cooperating as much as possible during a mission. However, one of the main challenges in FANET is how to mitigate the impact of limited energy resources of UAVs on the FANET operation in order to monitor the environment for a long period of time. In this sense, UAV replacement is required in order to avoid the premature death of nodes, network disconnections, route failures, void areas, and low-quality video transmissions. In addition, decision-making must take into account energy consumption associated with UAV movements, since they are generally quite energy-intensive. This article proposes a cooperative UAV scheme for enhancing video transmission and global energy efficiency called VOEI. The main goal of VOEI is to maintain the video with QoE support while supporting the nodes with a good connectivity quality level and flying for a long period of time. Based on an Software Defined Network (SDN) paradigm, the VOEI assumes the existence of a centrailized controller node to compute reliable and energy-efficiency routes, as well as detects the appropriate moment for UAV replacement by considering global FANET context information to provide energy-efficiency operations. Based on simulation results, we conclude that VOEI can effectively mitigate the energy challenges of FANET, since it provides energy-efficiency operations, avoiding network death, route failure, and void area, as well as network partitioning compared to state-of-the-art algorithm. In addition, VOEI delivers videos with suitable Quality of Experience (QoE) to end-users at any time, which is not achieved by the state-of-the-art algorithm.

scholarly journals Development of Teaching Materials for Volleyball Games through an PJOK AKTIF Approach (Fun, Character, Measurable, Innovation, and Fit)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-209
Author(s):  
Moh Rufron ◽  
Muhammad Muhyi ◽  
Harwanto Harwanto
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Test Stage ◽  
Product Trial ◽  
Class 1

This study aims to determine the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of teaching materials for learning PJOK ACTIVE (Fun, Character, Measurable, Innovation, and Fit) at SMP Negeri III Kamal Bangkalan. The benefits of this research are expected to increase students' understanding and students' abilities in PJOK learning practices. This research is a type of development research. There are 10 stages in the product development process starting from the preliminary study stage, planning stage, initial product design stage, field test stage, revision stage, main field test stage, product revision stage, group test stage, final product revision stage, and dissemination stage. The research was conducted at SMPN 3 Kamal Bangkalan from January to May 2021 with a total of 137 students. The data were analyzed using the percentage of the product trial results. The results of the study showed that the results of the product development of teaching materials for ACTIVE PJOK learning for students of SMPN 3 Class 1 in Kamal Bangkalan were declared feasible, very helpful, and could support the implementation of PJOK learning in schools. The results of product development that have been produced can be used as a reference in PJOK learning and besides that it can be developed according to needs.

Application of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis to Support Product In-Use Information Feedback

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant McSorley ◽  
Greg Huet ◽  
Stephen J. Culley ◽  
Clement Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Product Structure ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Information Feedback ◽  
Product Structures

Due to their increasing responsibility for the total lifecycle costs associated with their products, manufacturers are investing increasingly more efforts in their reduction. One way in which this can be achieved is through the elimination at the design stage of possible in-service issues. This can be supported through the feedback of product in-use information obtained from testing, prototyping and in-service lifecycle stages towards the earlier stages of the development process. In order to facilitate the feedback of this information to design, the idea of complimentary product structures is introduced. The relationships between these structures provide a link between product information across the various lifecycle stages. The similarities between the product structure and the FMEA structure are also examined. As the FMEA organizes its information on a component basis, it is suggested that it provides an adequate basis for the organization of the product in-use information in order to facilitate its association with the product structure. Based on these ideas, a full framework for the feedback and reuse of product in-use information is described.

scholarly journals Design Method to Structure Orthosis Design: Camptocormia Postural Brace Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Duarte ◽  
Jean-Pierre Nadeau ◽  
Antonio Ramos ◽  
Michel Mesnard
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Upright Posture ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Class 1

The orthosis is considered a class 1 medical device which often originates from a nonstructured development process. As these devices are mainly developed by small- and medium-sized enterprises, with no standard research method, the result can be an unadapted device which may not respond to the user’s needs and which in the short term may be abandoned. One way to solve this problem is to define and apply standard rules and procedures throughout the development/design process. Although methodologies may solve the “empiricism” in orthosis design problems, these design strategies are not applied during orthosis development due to the particularities of this field and the difficulties in linking the required knowledge and the actors that may be present during the orthosis development. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology to structure the orthosis design process that takes into account both the device life cycle and the different stakeholders involved in the design process. A case study was used to validate the proposed methodology. It was applied to the development of an orthosis to treat a specific postural disorder called camptocormia, also known as bent spine syndrome. This disorder is characterized by the anteroflexion of the trunk and especially affects elderly people. Contrary to scoliosis, the characteristics of camptocormia are not permanent, which means that the patient is able to straighten his posture. A postural brace is used to treat this disorder which enables the patient to redress and maintain the correct upright posture of the trunk.

scholarly journals Taking account of test takers’ personal characteristics in language test development process

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 04002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Baluyan
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Language Test ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Emotional Component ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

The article presents the results of a study aimed at solving the problem of improving the quality of a language test. It was found that taking into account test takers’ individual characteristics that may affect their test performance, namely their personal characteristics, general and specific knowledge, language ability level and the emotional component at the design stage allows to increase reliability, interactiveness, impact, authenticity and even practicality of the test, which, in turn, contribute in its overall effectiveness.

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