Development of a Quick and Easy-to-Install Strain Measurement Tool for Both Bending and Torsional Piping Stress Assessment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsunemichi Takahama ◽  
Kazuma Nishimura ◽  
Seiichiro Ninomiya ◽  
Yoshihiro Matsumoto ◽  
Yutaka Harada
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Stress Assessment ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Longitudinal Strains

To assess the stresses on small-bore piping, we have developed a new tool that can be easily installed on a piping surface without adhesive bonding and that measures strains on piping quickly and accurately. This tool, which we call a “strain gauge holder,” is patented in Japan. As the tool can contain four strain gauge rosettes, with each rosette comprising three elements, the longitudinal strains and sheer strains can be measured synchronously at any four points precisely 90 degrees apart, with one point in each quadrant. By mockup testing, we confirmed that the measured bending and torsional strains by the holder were almost equivalent to the measured strains by the bonded gauges with adhesive, and that the holder made it possible to synchronously measure all of the strains resulting from the moment of force acting in three axes on the piping by measuring the bending and torsional strains in each quadrant. The strain gauge holder is expected to significantly reduce the pre- and post-working time required for strain measurement and stress assessment of piping in real plants.

APPLICATION OF THE METHOD SPRINGY DEFORMATIONS OF BARREL DURING SHOT FOR DETERMINING THE INITIAL VELOCITY OF THE SHELL (MINE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Ye. Didenko ◽  
O. Stepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Automatic Control Systems ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Initial Resistance ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Effective Use

One of the indicators of the effective use of artillery is the accuracy of the fire impact on the objects of enemy. The accuracy of the artillery is achieved by completing the implementation of all measures for the preparation of shooting and fire control. Main measures of ballistic preparation are to determine and take into account the summary deviation of the initial velocity. The existing procedure for determining the summary deviation of the initial velocity for the check (main) cannon of battery leads to accumulation of ballistic preparation errors. The supply of artillery units with means of determining the initial speed of the projectile is insufficient. Among the many known methods for measuring the initial velocity, not enough attention was paid to the methods of analyzing the processes that occur during a shot in the "charge-shell-barrel" system. Under the action of the pressure of the powder gases in the barrel channel and the forces of the interaction of the projectile with the barrel there are springy deformations in the radial direction. To measure springy deformations it is advisable to use strain gauge sensors. Monitoring of deformation in a radial direction by time can be used to determine the moment of passing a projectile past the strain gauge mounted on the outer surface of the barrel. In the case of springy deformations, the initial resistance of the sensor varies in proportion to its value. The speed of the shell (mine) in the barrel can be determined by time between pulses of signals obtained from strain gauges located at a known distance from each other. The simplicity of the proposed method for measuring the initial velocity of an artillery shell provides an opportunity for equipping each cannon (mortar) with autonomous means for measuring the initial velocity. With the simultaneous puting into action of automatic control systems can be automatically taking into account the measurement results. This will change the existing procedure for determining the total deviation of the initial velocity and improve the accuracy, timeliness and suddenness of the opening of artillery fire, which are components of its efficiency.

Performance of Strain Gauge in Strain Measurement and Brittle Coating Technique

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Balaji P. S. ◽  
Karthik Selva Kumar Karuppasamy ◽  
Bhargav K. V. J. ◽  
Srajan Dalela
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strain Selection ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Brittle Coating ◽  
Coating Technique ◽  
Metallic Foil ◽  
Full Benefit

The strain gauge system consists of a metallic foil supported in a carrier and bonded to the specimen by a suitable adhesive. Previous chapters discussed the construction, configuration, and the material of the strain gauge. The strain gauge has advantages over the other methods. A strain gauge can give directly the strain value as output. However, in optical methods, it is required to interpret the results. It is also required to be aware that the strain gauge technology is majorly used, and it can also be easily wrongly used. Hence, it is required to obtain the proper knowledge of the strain gauge to get the full benefit of the technology. This chapter covers the majorly on the performance of the strain gauge, its temperature effects, and strain selection. Further, this chapter also covers the brittle coating technique that is used to decide the position of the strain gauge in the applications.

Effect of temperature on embryonic development of Melanotaenia boesemani (Allen and Cross, 1982)

Zygote ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Costa Radael ◽  
Leonardo Demier Cardoso ◽  
Dalcio Ricardo de Andrade ◽  
André Veloso Ferreira ◽  
Douglas da Cruz Mattos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Faster Development

SummaryThe present study aimed to provide data on the time required for Melanotaenia boesemani to complete embryonic development, and to investigate the influence that incubation at different temperatures caused in this species. The effects of temperature on the time and hatching rate are presented, as well as information related to embryonic development stages. After fertilization, the eggs were kept in incubators at 23, 26, 29 or 32°C and observed at predetermined times until the moment of hatching. Stages of development were identified and classified according to morphological and physiological characteristics. Oil droplets were visualized inside the eggs as well as filament adhesion present at the chorion. Embryonic development was similar to that observed in other species of the genus Melanotaenia with hatching and faster development in higher temperatures.

Applications of Fiber Bragg Grating in Strain Measurement of Concrete Bridge

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 2286-2290
Author(s):  
Xian Xi Tang ◽  
Xian Zhou Tang ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bragg Grating ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Fiber Grating ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Experimental Researches

In order to verify the role of fiber bragg grating strain gauge in strain measurement of concrete bridge, and the influence of concrete and steel strain properties by fatigue loading, the relevant experimental researches were carried out. The results indicated that the Fiber Bragg grating strain gauge could reflect the strain regularity of concrete and steel well; for the fiber grating strain rosettes inside the concrete, the pasting equipments of fiber gratings had a certain impact of the measurement effect. The fatigue loading had a certain impact of the properties of concrete and steel, in conditions of the same number of fatigue, the greater the stress amplitude the more obvious the effects. The results analysis shown that, fiber grating strain measurement innovated the means and methods of strain measurement in detailed structure of the concrete bridge, for the strain measurements of concrete bridge under fatigue loading, the FBG could still play very good effect.

Direct and Indirect Strain Measurement of Flexible Printed Circuit Boards - fPCBs

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Arruda ◽  
Cristiano Coimbra ◽  
João Marco Andolfatto
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Polyimide Substrate ◽  
Flexible Printed Circuit

This work is related to reliability of strain measurement in flexible printed circuit boards (fPCBs) made with polyimide substrate. It was observed that the fPCBs are very sensitive to strain mounting stiffness. The indirect measurement method will be done employing High Speed Camera (HSP). The direct method will be formulated in two ways: 1) conventional strain gauge glued in an fPCBs; 2) printed strain gauge in a polyimide substrate. This paper will point out mistakes and show advantages when using different method to extract the deformation field of the selected area in a flexible thin film.

Inhibition of Clotting as the Result of Plasminogen Activation by Streptokinase

1960 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 520-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K Beller ◽  
P Glas
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Viii And Ix ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Recalcification Time

SummaryInvestigations of the clotting mechanism were carried out by lysis time determinations when plasminogen was activated by streptokinase and the following results were obtained:1. The recalcification time during the period of activation showed an initial decrease of the clotting time, followed by a prolongation.The thrombin time method showed only a prolongation up to the moment when inhibition of coagulation occurred.2. The clotting factors II, V, VII, VIII and IX remained unaffected in this system.3. The clotting activity, as well as the time required for the inhibition of coagulation, were dependent on the streptokinase concentration on the one hand, and on the fibrinogen concentration on the other.4. An antithrombin-like inhibitor could be excluded as the cause of incoagulability.5. In our system, inhibition of coagulation was caused by fibrinogenolysis, by which fibrinogen was altered to a biologically inactive globulin. The latter could still be demonstrated in large amounts by means of certain protein estimations. But the proteolytic activity is assumed to be not strong enough to destroy the other clotting factors as well.This system is, therefore, especially useful for studying the isolated “anti-fibrinogenic“ effect of plasmin.

Understanding Pipeline Strain Conditions: Case Studies Between ILI Axial and ILI Bending Measurement Techniques

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremie J. Choquette ◽  
Sylvain Cornu ◽  
Mohamed ElSeify ◽  
Raymond Karé
Keyword(s):  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Strain History ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
History Effects ◽  
Bending Strain

In-Line inspection (ILI) tools consisting of combined sensor technologies provide a unique opportunity for operators to understand the conditions of pipelines. There is also an additional opportunity to contrast and validate individual sensing techniques against each other when their functionalities and purposes overlap. By using multi-technologies ILI measurements for strain, a pipeline operator can gain further insight into the pipeline strain behavior at any point along the length of the inspection. This paper establishes the relationship between ILI axial strain measurement tool data and conventional geometric strain data obtained from inertial measurement unit (IMU) based on data collected during in-service inspection of a 12″ liquid pipeline. Within any pipeline section, the tool configuration with circumferentially spaced strain sensors allows the use of appropriate analysis techniques to decompose the longitudinal strain into its primary components (axial, bending and out of roundness). The axial strain measurement tool sensing system provides an indirect measurement of bending strain that can be compared to the geometric measurement of bending strain determined from the pipeline trajectory as determined from the IMU analysis. Flexural bending strain resulting from horizontal directional drilling (HDD) is investigated in this paper. Convergences and divergences between the measurement techniques are presented. Data available from different strain technologies mounted on ILI tools offers an opportunity to conduct a comparative study and to provide a better understanding of a pipeline’s strain condition. This paper will present the framework for understanding the different strain measurement technologies and an investigation into the pipeline prior strain history (effects from fabrication, hydrostatic testing and external loads) and their corresponding impact on the material state at the time of inspection.

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