Towards Superlubricity Under Boundary Lubrication

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Martin ◽  
M. I. De Barros Bouchet ◽  
T. Le Mogne ◽  
M. Kano
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Carbon Coatings ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
New Research ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Lubrication Conditions

Fuel economy and reduction of harmless elements in lubricant are becoming crucial in the automotive industry. An approach to respond these requirements in engine components is the potential use of low friction coatings exposed to specific boundary lubrication conditions. Superlubricity is a new research field in tribology, dealing with very low friction values, typically below 0.01, and this even in dry or vacuum conditions. It is to be noticed that any friction coefficient below 0.001 is hardly measurable with the equipment at hand. Superlow friction was already experimentally observed only in ultrahigh vacuum and inert gas environment, with pure molybdenite (MoS2) coatings [1] and in presence of some hydrogenated DLC coatings [2]. Under boundary lubrication, we show here that the coupling of hydrogen-free carbon coatings and selected organic lubricant additives permits to reach friction values approaching superlubricity and also a wearless behavior.

Tribochemical Interactions of Friction Modifier and Antiwear Additives With CrN Coating Under Boundary Lubrication Conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Haque ◽  
A. Morina ◽  
A. Neville ◽  
S. Arrowsmith
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Antiwear Additives ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Friction Modifier ◽  
Crn Coating ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Surface Analysis Techniques ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lubrication Conditions

In recent years, the optimized use of low friction nonferrous coatings under boundary lubrication conditions has become a challenge to meet the demands of improved fuel economy in automotive applications. This study presents the tribological performance of chromium nitride (CrN) coating using conventional friction modifier (moly dimer) and/or antiwear additive (zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP)) containing lubricants in a pin-on-plate tribometer. Using surface analysis techniques such as the atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), both topographical and chemical analyses of tribofilms were performed. This paper shows that ZDDP and moly dimer both give a positive effect for both low friction and antiwear performance in CrN/cast iron system. Both AFM and XPS analyses give evidence of the formation of ZDDP and moly dimer derived tribofilms on the CrN coating and thus support friction and wear results.

Tribological Properties of Si-DLC Coatings Synthesized with Nitrogen, Argon Plus Nitrogen, and Argon Ion Beams

1997 ◽  
Vol 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Fountzoulas ◽  
J. D. Demaree ◽  
L. C. Sengupta ◽  
J. K. Hirvonen ◽  
D. Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Carbon Coatings ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
Disk Friction ◽  
Knoop Microhardness ◽  
Nitrogen Ion ◽  
Argon Ion

ABSTRACTHard, adherent, and low-friction silicon-containing diamond-like carbon coatings (Si-DLC) have been synthesized at room temperature by 40 keV (N+ plus N2+), 50%Ar+/50% (N+ plus N2+), and Ar+ ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of a tetraphenyl-tetramethyl-trisiloxane oil on silicon and sapphire substrates. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that all coatings were amorphous. The average coating wear rate and the average unlubricated steel ball-on-disk friction coefficient, μ, decreased with increasing fraction of nitrogen in the ion beam, along with an increase in the average coating growth rate. The Knoop microhardness and nanohardness values of the coatings synthesized by the mixed argon and nitrogen ion beam were higher than the values for the coatings synthesized with 100% nitrogen or 100%argon ion beams. These friction/wear improvements are tentatively attributed to both increased hardening due to greater penetration and ionization induced hardening by the lighter (N) ions and to the presence of Si02 on the surface of N-bombarded samples.

scholarly journals Structure and tribological properties of DLC:Si/AlCrN low friction thin film

2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 08002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Paradecka ◽  
Krzysztof Lukaszkowicz ◽  
Mirosława Pawlyta
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Carbon Coatings ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject

A wide range of diamond-like carbon coatings is caused by their structure composed of sp2 and sp3 carbon hybridisation and the possibility of both metallic and non-metallic admixtures or the creation of a hydrogenated form. One of the ways to improve the tribological properties of DLC is to dope it with silicon. Deposited on stainless steel substrate coating system composed of AlCrN film covered by DLC:Si was the subject of the studies. The AlCrN and DLC:Si layers were deposited by PVD lateral rotating ARC-cathodes and PACVD on the X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 steel respectively. Characteristics of DLC:Si film was performed by imaging the topography using SEM and AFM. The structure was investigated using a Raman spectroscopy and HRTEM. Tribological and adhesion tests were carried out using a ball-on-disc and a scratch test respectively. Tests using the TEM confirmed an amorphous character of DLC:Si layer. A phase composition analysis of the DLC:Si layer with the Raman spectroscopy method showed the presence of bonds distinctive for diamond (sp3) and graphite (sp2), typically observed in DLC coatings. Under the technically dry friction conditions, the friction coefficient for the associations tested is within the range 0.14 for the investigated coating.

Low friction W-C:H coatings for wear resistance in roller bearings

2001 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Kacsich ◽  
Peter Werner Gold ◽  
Jörg Loos
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Gear Wheel ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Roller Bearings ◽  
Lubrication Conditions

AbstractLife time limiting effects in roller bearings and gear wheel applications are wear, sizing, and fatigue damages like micro pitting. These mechanisms are related to a number of parameters: lubrication conditions, surface roughness, and the hardness of the bulk material. Nowadays, Me-DLC coatings like MAXITÓ W-C:H offer surface protection under dry, mixed, and hydrodynamic conditions. This allows the increase of load capacities, respectively the decrease of gearing size. Moreover, a reduction of toxic lubrication additives can be achieved. The performance of the MAXITÓ W-C:H coatings in roller bearings was investigated on the FE8 test rig under mixed friction conditions. The W-C:H was deposited via the PVD technique of magnetron sputtering onto case hardened steel. The coating thickness was varied from 1.5 to 5 m m with respect to optimised wear resistance. The wear was drastically reduced by powers of ten as compared to uncoated roller bearings.

Morphology of Fibroblastic Cells Cultured on Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings Produced by Plasma Immersion Using AFM and SEM

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 713-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.T. Uzumaki ◽  
C.S. Lambert ◽  
L.O. Bonugli ◽  
A.R. Santos ◽  
Cecília A.C. Zavaglia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Carbon Coatings ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Fibroblastic Cells ◽  
Potential Use

For the potential use of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating for biomedical applications, it would be important to evaluate the biological effects of these coatings. In this study, DLC coatings were deposited on glass coverslips using the plasma immersion process, which produces films with adhesion properties superior to those prepared with conventional techniques. Scanning electron microscopic and atomic force microscopic observations were used to study the morphology of fibroblasts growth on DLC coatings.

Tribochemical Interactions of Moly Dimer and ZDDP Additives With CrN Coating and Bearing Steel While Sliding Against Cast Iron in Boundary Lubrication Conditions

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Neville ◽  
Tabassamul Haque ◽  
Ardian Morina
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Crn Coating ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Lubrication Condition ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Lubrication Conditions

In recent years, use of low friction non-ferrous coatings under boundary lubrication condition has become a challenge to meet the increasing demand of fuel economy in automotive applications. In this study, chromium nitride (CrN) was chosen as a non-ferrous coating and experiments were performed in a pin-on-plate reciprocating tribotester to produce the tribofilm. An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to record high resolution topographical images while chemical analysis of the tribofilm was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Both AFM and XPS analyses give evidence of the formation of ZDDP and Moly Dimer derived tribofilm. This paper will also focus on the synergistic or antagonistic effect of ZDDP with Moly Dimer additive in the tribological performance of CrN coating.

Surface Damage and Wear Mechanisms of Amorphous Carbon Coatings under Boundary Lubrication Conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Ajayi ◽  
A. Kovalchenko ◽  
J. G. Hersberger ◽  
A. Erdemir ◽  
G. R. Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Carbon Coatings ◽  
Amorphous Carbon Coatings ◽  
Lubrication Conditions

A Viscosity-Based Study of the Tribo-Physical Effects in Boundary-Lubricated DLC Contacts

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kalin ◽  
I. Velkavrh ◽  
J. Vizˇintin
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
Adsorbed Layers ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Lubrication Conditions ◽  
Lubrication Properties

In about a decade, since interest about boundary lubrication properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings exists, mainly chemical aspects of the DLC lubrication were investigated, i.e. focusing on interactions between various additives and coatings, while physical aspects of coating-oil interactions were not discussed in a greater extent. To elucidate some of these effects, we have analyzed the friction behaviour of DLC coatings and steel under different boundary lubrication conditions by using polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oils having different viscosity grades. Based on this, we have identified several tribo-physical effects in these contacts and for the purposes of this paper we briefly discuss the physical adsorption between the oils and the DLC surfaces, clearly indicating existence of rather strong physically adsorbed layers, which were able to resist high shear stresses under severe boundary lubrication.

Topography and topology optimization of diesel engine components for light-weight design in the automotive industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rıza Yıldız ◽  
Ulaş Aytaç Kılıçarpa ◽  
Emre Demirci ◽  
Mesut Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Weight Design ◽  
Engine Components
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