Tribochemical Interactions of Friction Modifier and Antiwear Additives With CrN Coating Under Boundary Lubrication Conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Haque ◽  
A. Morina ◽  
A. Neville ◽  
S. Arrowsmith
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Antiwear Additives ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Friction Modifier ◽  
Crn Coating ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Surface Analysis Techniques ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lubrication Conditions

In recent years, the optimized use of low friction nonferrous coatings under boundary lubrication conditions has become a challenge to meet the demands of improved fuel economy in automotive applications. This study presents the tribological performance of chromium nitride (CrN) coating using conventional friction modifier (moly dimer) and/or antiwear additive (zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP)) containing lubricants in a pin-on-plate tribometer. Using surface analysis techniques such as the atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), both topographical and chemical analyses of tribofilms were performed. This paper shows that ZDDP and moly dimer both give a positive effect for both low friction and antiwear performance in CrN/cast iron system. Both AFM and XPS analyses give evidence of the formation of ZDDP and moly dimer derived tribofilms on the CrN coating and thus support friction and wear results.

Tribochemical Interactions of Moly Dimer and ZDDP Additives With CrN Coating and Bearing Steel While Sliding Against Cast Iron in Boundary Lubrication Conditions

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Neville ◽  
Tabassamul Haque ◽  
Ardian Morina
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Crn Coating ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Lubrication Condition ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Lubrication Conditions

In recent years, use of low friction non-ferrous coatings under boundary lubrication condition has become a challenge to meet the increasing demand of fuel economy in automotive applications. In this study, chromium nitride (CrN) was chosen as a non-ferrous coating and experiments were performed in a pin-on-plate reciprocating tribotester to produce the tribofilm. An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to record high resolution topographical images while chemical analysis of the tribofilm was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Both AFM and XPS analyses give evidence of the formation of ZDDP and Moly Dimer derived tribofilm. This paper will also focus on the synergistic or antagonistic effect of ZDDP with Moly Dimer additive in the tribological performance of CrN coating.

Towards Superlubricity Under Boundary Lubrication

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Martin ◽  
M. I. De Barros Bouchet ◽  
T. Le Mogne ◽  
M. Kano
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Carbon Coatings ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
New Research ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Lubrication Conditions

Fuel economy and reduction of harmless elements in lubricant are becoming crucial in the automotive industry. An approach to respond these requirements in engine components is the potential use of low friction coatings exposed to specific boundary lubrication conditions. Superlubricity is a new research field in tribology, dealing with very low friction values, typically below 0.01, and this even in dry or vacuum conditions. It is to be noticed that any friction coefficient below 0.001 is hardly measurable with the equipment at hand. Superlow friction was already experimentally observed only in ultrahigh vacuum and inert gas environment, with pure molybdenite (MoS2) coatings [1] and in presence of some hydrogenated DLC coatings [2]. Under boundary lubrication, we show here that the coupling of hydrogen-free carbon coatings and selected organic lubricant additives permits to reach friction values approaching superlubricity and also a wearless behavior.

Selectivity Studies On Tantalum Barrier Layer In Copper CMP

2003 ◽  
Vol 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Vijayakumar ◽  
Tianbao Du ◽  
Kalpathy B. Sundaram ◽  
Vimal Desai
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Layer ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Chemical Mechanical Planarization ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Copper Metallization ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Surface Analysis Techniques ◽  
Diffusion Barrier Layer

AbstractCopper metallization in sub-0.18 μm semiconductor devices is achieved by combining the dual damascence techniques followed by chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). Tantalum and its nitride have been identified as the diffusion barrier layer for copper metallization. However, the wide differences in properties between copper and tantalum layers result in selectivity problems during CMP process. The aim of this work is to obtain a better understanding on the slurry selectivity for copper and tantalum and to develop slurries with best selectivity performance. In this work, the effect of several chemical parameters (abrasive type, oxidizer type, concentration, pH etc.) was studied through static and dynamic tests using advanced electrochemical techniques and surface analysis techniques. The surface layers of the statically etched copper and tantalum discs were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and surface planarity was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Polishing rates results show that alumina-based slurry polished copper very well whereas tantalum removal rate was low. However, for the silica-based slurry the tantalum shows much higher removal rate than copper and better surface planarity was obtained.

Tribochemical Interactions Between Lubricant Additives and Low Hydrogen Containing DLC Coating Under Boundary Lubrication Conditions

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabassamul Haque ◽  
Ardian Morina ◽  
Anne Neville
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Antiwear Additives ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) coatings are becoming very popular for automotive tribo-components as they can offer excellent tribological properties resulting in improved fuel economy and reducing dependence on harmful components of existing additives. The tribochemical interactions of low hydrogen containing DLC coating with lubricants, basically customised for ferrous materials, are yet to be well understood. In this work, an experimental study has been performed to understand the synergistic and antagonistic effects of low friction and antiwear additives on a 15 at. % hydrogen containing DLC coating. Surface sensitive analytical techniques, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to perform physical and chemical characterization of the tribofilms.

scholarly journals Tribocatalytic behaviour of a TiO2 atmospheric plasma spray (APS) coating in the presence of the friction modifier MoDTC: a parametric study

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (27) ◽  
pp. 15056-15068 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Deshpande ◽  
C. Minfray ◽  
F. Dassenoy ◽  
T. Le Mogne ◽  
D. Jose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Spray ◽  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Decomposition Mechanism ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma Spray ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Friction Modifier ◽  
Aps Coatings ◽  
Lubrication Conditions

Tribocatalytic behaviour of TiO2 APS coatings in presence of MoDTC additive under boundary lubrication conditions – decomposition mechanism

scholarly journals Surface Chemistry of Aluminium Alloy Slid against Steel Lubricated by Organic Friction Modifier in Hydrocarbon Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Minami ◽  
Ayumi Sugibuchi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Passive State ◽  
Lubrication Mechanism ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Friction Modifier ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Wear ◽  
Hydrocarbon Oil

The lubrication mechanism of aluminium alloy slid against steel was investigated from the standpoint of surface chemistry. Low friction and low wear were observed using glycerol mono-olate in a hydrocarbon as lubricant. Increase in the silicon content in the aluminium alloy during rubbing was observed by surface analyses using (1) Auger electron spectroscopy, (2) scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and (3) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Mild removal of the passive state (aluminium oxide) from the uppermost surface by the additive during the running-in process was proposed as the lubrication mechanism. The importance of additive chemistry that improves the running-in process was pointed out.

Mechanical Properties of ZnDTP Tribofilms Measured by Nanoindentation at Controlled Temperature

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Bec ◽  
Karim Demmou ◽  
Jean-Luc Loubet ◽  
Sophie Pavan ◽  
Clotilde Minfray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Antiwear Additives ◽  
Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphates ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Lubrication Conditions

Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZnDTPs) are known to be anti-oxydant and antiwear additives under boundary lubrication conditions and are thus extensively used for car engine lubrication. It was demonstrated that their anti-wear action is associated with the formation of a protective tribofilm on the rubbing surfaces. In this study, mechanical properties of a ZnDTP tribofilm were measured by nanoindentation at various temperature ranging from room temperature to 80°C. From these first tests, it was found that the hardness of the tribofilm measured at 80°C is half the hardness value measured at room temperature, while the Young’s modulus remains constant in the tested temperature range.

Investigation of the Effect of Uv-Assisted Oxidation and Nitridation of Hafnium Metal Films

2003 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Essary ◽  
V. Craciun ◽  
J. M. Howard ◽  
R. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Grazing Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Thin Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Silicon Interface

AbstractHf metal thin films were deposited on Si substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique in vacuum and in ammonia ambients. The films were then oxidized at 400 °C in 300 Torr of O2. Half the samples were oxidized in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a Hg lamp array. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing angle X-ray diffraction were used to compare the crystallinity, roughness, and composition of the films. It has been found that UV radiation causes roughening of the films and also promotes crystallization at lower temperatures.Furthermore, increased silicon oxidation at the interface was noted with the UVirradiated samples and was shown to be in the form of a mixed layer using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Incorporation of nitrogen into the film reduces the oxidation of the silicon interface.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxide with cuprous oxide film under UV-vis irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Wang ◽  
Jianqing Feng ◽  
Lihua Jin ◽  
Chengshan Li
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Reduction Effect

AbstractWe have grown Cu2O films by different routes including self-oxidation and metal-organic deposition (MOD). The reduction efficiency of Cu2O films on graphene oxide (GO) synthesized by modified Hummer’s method has been studied. Surface morphology and chemical state of as-prepared Cu2O film and GO sheets reduced at different conditions have also been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that self-oxidation Cu2O film is more effective on phtocatalytic reduction of GO than MOD-Cu2O film. Moreover, reduction effect of self-oxidation Cu2O film to GO is comparable to that of environmental-friendly reducing agent of vitamin C. The present results offer a potentially eco-friendly and low-cost approach for the manufacture of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by photocatalytic reduction.

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