Influence of Diet and/or Exercise on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Obese Women

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. Utter ◽  
David C. Nieman ◽  
Elizabeth M. Shannonhouse ◽  
Diane E. Butterworth ◽  
Cathy N. Nieman
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Obese Subjects

The purpose of this study was to measure the influence of diet, exercise, or both on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese women. Ninety-one obese subjects were randomized into one of four groups: diet (D) (4.19–5.44 MJ or 1,200–1,300 kcal/day), exercise (E) (five 45-min sessions at 78.5 ± 0.5% maximum heart rate), exercise and diet (ED), and controls (C). Maximal aerobic power and body composition were measured in all subjects before and after a 12-week diet intervention period. Subjects in D and ED lost 7.8 ± 0.7 and 8.1 ± 0.6 kg body mass, with no significant change for E relative to C. Losses of percent body fat and fat mass were significantly greater in D and ED but not in E relative to C. The change in VO2max was greater in ED and E but not D when compared to C. Results indicate that moderate aerobic exercise training during a 12-week period has no discernible effects on body composition but does improve cardiorespiratory fitness in dieting obese women.

Comparison of Body Composition Methods During Weight Loss in Obese Women Using Herbal Formula

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (06) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho-Jun Kim ◽  
Dympna Gallagher ◽  
Mi-Yeon Song
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Body

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), a device that analyzes the current conduction differences between the fat and water components is widely used for reasons that include convenience of use, non-invasiveness, safety, and low cost. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) allows for the assessment of total body and regional lean and fat tissues and bone mineral content (BMC). The objective of this study was to compare body composition assessments by BIA and DXA before and after a 6-week herbal diet intervention program in 50 pre-menopausal women [mean ± SD: age 30.58 ± 6.15, body mass index (BMI) 31.72 ± 3.78]. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was measured by BIA and anthropometry. Lean body mass (LBM), body fat (BF), BMC and percent body fat (%BF) were measured by BIA and DXA. Highly significant correlations were observed between BIA and DXA measurements for LBM, BF, BMC and %BF (r = 0.73, 0.93, 0.53, 0.79, respectively) before the intervention. Differences between BIA and DXA measurements were observed in LBM, BF, %BF and BMC before intervention ( p < 0.01) where WHR by BIA was significantly higher compared to anthropometry before ( p < 0.01) and after the intervention ( p < 0.01). BIA underestimated LBM by 1.85 kg and overestimated BF by 2.54 kg compared to DXA before the intervention. Although BIA and DXA showed highly significant correlations for LBM, BF, BMC and %BF before the intervention, they did not produce statistically comparable results in pre-menopausal Korean women and therefore should not be used interchangeably when measuring body composition.

Determination of second lactate threshold using near-infrared spectroscopy in elite cyclists

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
José-Antonio Salas-Montoro ◽  
Manuel Mateo March ◽  
Cristóbal Sánchez-Muñoz ◽  
Mikel Zabala
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Muscle Oxygen ◽  
Elite Cyclists

The use of near-infrared spectroscopy could be an interesting alternative to other invasive or expensive methods to estimate the second lactate threshold. Our objective was to compare the intensities of the muscle oxygen saturation breakpoint obtained with the Humon Hex and the second lactate threshold in elite cyclists. Ninety cyclists performed a maximal graded exercise test. Blood capillary lactate was obtained at the end of steps and muscle oxygenation was continuously monitored. There were no differences (p>0.05) between muscle oxygen oxygenation breakpoint and second lactate threshold neither in power nor in heart rate, nor when these values were relativized as a percentage of maximal aerobic power or maximum heart rate. There were also no differences when men and women were studied separately. Both methods showed a highly correlation in power (r=0.914), percentage of maximal aerobic power (r=0.752), heart rate (r=0.955), and percentage of maximum heart rate (r=0.903). Bland-Altman resulted in a mean difference of 0.05±0.27 W·kg–1, 0.91±4.93%, 0.63±3.25 bpm, and 0.32±1.69% for power, percentage of maximal aerobic power, heart rate and percentage of maximum heart rate respectively. These findings suggest that Humon may be a non-invasive and low-cost alternative to estimate the second lactate threshold intensity in elite cyclists.

scholarly journals Low levels of maximal aerobic power impair the profile of mood state in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Luiz Vancini ◽  
Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira ◽  
Marília dos Santos Andrade ◽  
Cristiano de Lima ◽  
Ricardo Mario Arida
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Low Levels

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between cardiorespiratory fitness and mood state in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).MethodIndividuals with TLE (n = 20) and healthy control subjects (C, n = 20) were evaluated. Self-rating questionnaires were used to assess mood (POMS) and habitual physical activity (BAECKE). Cardiorespiratory fitness was evaluated by a maximal incremental test.ResultsPeople with TLE presented lower cardiorespiratory fitness; higher levels of mood disorders; and lower levels of vigor when compared to control health subjects. A significant negative correlation was observed between the levels of tension-anxiety and maximal aerobic power.ConclusionLow levels of cardiorespiratory fitness may modify the health status of individuals with TLE and it may be considered a risk factor for the development of mood disorders.

Correlation between the rate of weight loss and changes in body composition in obese postmenopausal women after 5 weeks: a pilot study

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Arguin ◽  
Danielle R. Bouchard ◽  
Mélissa Labonté ◽  
André Carpentier ◽  
Jean-Luc Ardilouze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Similar Decrease

Approximately 25% of weight lost during restrictive diets (without exercise) is lean body mass (LBM). No study has yet investigated the impact of the rate of weight loss (RWL) on LBM and fat mass (FM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the RWL and body composition in older obese women. Twenty obese postmenopausal women aged between 51 and 74 years enrolled in a 5 week dietary weight loss intervention. Subjects were characterized according to their RWL (low RWL < 0.74 kg·week–1 (n = 9) vs. high RWL ≥ 0.74 kg·week–1 (n = 11)). Total and trunk FM and LBM (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured before and after weight loss. A significant correlation was observed between the RWL (kg·week–1) and changes in LBM (kg·week–1) (r = 0.75; p = 0.0002). However, no association was observed with changes in FM (kg·week–1) (r = 0.40; p = 0.08). Both groups showed a similar decrease in FM (low RWL, –2.7 ± 0.9 kg,; high RWL, –3.2 ± 0.8 kg; p = 0.38), whereas losses in LBM were significantly higher in the high RWL than in the low RWL group (–1.6 ± 1.2 kg vs. –0.4 ± 1.1 kg; p = 0.05). An RWL > 0.74 kg·week–1 was associated with a greater loss of LBM, but had no extra benefits on FM after a 5 week weight loss program. Current guidelines, which recommend RWL up to 0.91 kg·week–1, might not be optimal to prevent decreases in LBM in postmenopausal women when no exercise is added.

Endurance training changes in lipolytic responsiveness of obese adipose tissue

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (6) ◽  
pp. E951-E956 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. De Glisezinski ◽  
F. Crampes ◽  
I. Harant ◽  
M. Berlan ◽  
J. Hejnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
Obese Subjects

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise training on the lipolytic response of adipose tissue in obese subjects. Thirteen men (body mass index = 36.9 ± 1.3 kg/m2) were submitted to aerobic physical training on a cycloergometer (30–45 min, 4 days a wk) for 3 mo. Adipocyte sensitivity to the action of catecholamines and insulin was studied in vitro before and after training. Training induced a decrease in the percentage of fat mass ( P < 0.05) without changing the body weight. Basal lipolysis and hormone-sensitive lipase activity were significantly decreased after training ( P < 0.05). The lipolytic effects of epinephrine, isoprenaline (β-adrenoceptor agonist), and dobutamine (β1-adrenoceptor agonist) were significantly increased ( P < 0.05) but not those of procaterol (β2-adrenoceptor agonist). The antilipolytic effects of α2-adrenoceptor and insulin were significantly decreased ( P < 0.05). Lipolysis stimulation by agents acting at the postreceptor level was unchanged after training. In conclusion, aerobic physical training in obese male subjects modifies adipose tissue lipolysis through an enhancement of β-adrenergic response and a concomitant blunting of adipocyte antilipolytic activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Spirulina maxima Supplementation and a Systematic Physical Exercise Program on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Overweight or Obese Subjects: A Double Blind Randomized, Crossover Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Hernández-Lepe ◽  
José Alberto López-Díaz ◽  
Marco Antonio Juárez-Oropeza ◽  
Rosa Patricia Hernández-Torres ◽  
Abraham Wall-Medrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Spirulina Maxima ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
Obese Subjects

: Background: Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for many chronic diseases, and weight-loss interventions often include systematic exercising and nutritional supplements. The purpose of this study was to determine the independent/synergistic effects of Spirulina maxima supplementation (6-week, 4.5 g/day) and a systematic physical exercise program (6 weeks/ 2 times) on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight and obese subjects. Methods: 27 overweight and 25 obese sedentary male subjects were assigned to four interventions through a randomized double-blind, crossover controlled trial: Physical exercise program with (SE) or without (Ex) Spirulina maxima or no-exercise program with (Sm) and without (C) Spirulina maxima. Body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters were taken during a maximal intensity test. Results: As compared to C group, SE, Sm and Ex groups reduced (p &lt; 0.05) their body fat percentage while improving their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max; r = &minus;0.40), being obese subjects more benefited. Weight loss, time to reach fatigue and onset of blood lactate accumulation were improved in both Spirulina maxima supplemented groups, regardless the subjects&rsquo; body composition. Conclusions: Spirulina maxima supplementation synergistically improves the effects of systematic exercise in body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in overweight but mostly in obese adults.

scholarly journals The Reliability of Measuring Gross Efficiency During High-Intensity Cycling Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Richard Ebreo ◽  
Louis Passfield ◽  
James Hopker
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of calculating gross efficiency (GE) conventionally and using a back extrapolation (BE) method during high-intensity exercise (HIE). Methods: A total of 12 trained participants completed 2 HIE bouts (P1 = 4 min at 80% maximal aerobic power [MAP]; P2 = 4 min at 100%MAP). GE was calculated conventionally in the last 3 minutes of submaximal (50%MAP) cycling bouts performed before and after HIE (Pre50%MAP and Post50%MAP). To calculate GE using BE (BGE), a linear regression of GE submaximal values post-HIE were back extrapolated to the end of the HIE bout. Results: BGE was significantly correlated with Post50%MAP GE in P1 (r = .63; P = .01) and in P2 (r = .85; P = .002). Reliability data for P1 and P2 BGE demonstrate a mean coefficient of variation of 7.8% and 9.8% with limits of agreement of 4.3% and 4.5% in relative GE units, respectively. P2 BGE was significantly lower than P2 Post50%MAP GE (18.1% [1.6%] vs 20.3% [1.7%]; P = .01). Using a declining GE from the BE method, there was a 44% greater anaerobic contribution compared with assuming a constant GE during 4-minute HIE at 100%MAP. Conclusion: HIE acutely reduced BGE at 100%MAP. A greater anaerobic contribution to exercise as well as excess postexercise oxygen consumption at 100%MAP may contribute to this decline in efficiency. The BE method may be a reliable and valid tool in both estimating GE during HIE and calculating aerobic and anaerobic contributions.

scholarly journals Association of Different Genotypes of VEGF Gene with Changes in Aerobic Capacity Following Endurance Training in Obese Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Shojaei ◽  
Mehran Ghahramani ◽  
Sirous Farsi
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Vegf Gene ◽  
Before And After

Objective: Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by an excessive mass of adipose tissue in the body. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between different genotypes of VEGF gene and changes in aerobic capacity following aerobic exercise in obese women. Materials and Methods: In this study, 23 inactive women aged 34 to 43 years with BMI 30 and 35 were purposefully selected and participated in eight weeks of aerobic exercise including 4 sessions per week and 30 minutes per session with an intensity of 55 to 75% of maximum heart rate. Before and after the training period, aerobic power (VO2max) was measured by the modified Bruce test. Saliva Sample was collected at 12 hours of fasting to measure VEGF genotypes. To compare aerobic capacity between different genotypes, since we had three genotypes GG, CG, and CC, one-way analysis of variance was used. Results: Although the mean amount of aerobic power changes of GG genotype was somewhat higher after eight weeks of aerobic training than the other two genotypes, this difference was not significant. (P-value= 0.663, P-value= 0.873 and P-value= 0.173, respectively). Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic training leads to increased aerobic capacity in obese women and increased VEGF plays a role, but there is not seemingly a difference between different VEGF genotypes for these changes. In any case, since this study was conducted for the first time, we need more studies to draw a more accurate conclusion.

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