scholarly journals Sleep, Travel, and Recovery Responses of National Footballers During and After Long-Haul International Air Travel

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh H.K. Fullagar ◽  
Rob Duffield ◽  
Sabrina Skorski ◽  
David White ◽  
Jonathan Bloomfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Observational Design ◽  
Small Change

Purpose:The current study examined the sleep, travel, and recovery responses of elite footballers during and after long-haul international air travel, with a further description of these responses over the ensuing competitive tour (including 2 matches).Methods:In an observational design, 15 elite male football players undertook 18 h of predominantly westward international air travel from the United Kingdom to South America (–4-h time-zone shift) for a 10-d tour. Objective sleep parameters, external and internal training loads, subjective player match performance, technical match data, and perceptual jet-lag and recovery measures were collected.Results:Significant differences were evident between outbound travel and recovery night 1 (night of arrival; P < .001) for sleep duration. Sleep efficiency was also significantly reduced during outbound travel compared with recovery nights 1 (P = .001) and 2 (P = .004). Furthermore, both match nights (5 and 10), showed significantly less sleep than nonmatch nights 2 to 4 and 7 to 9 (all P < .001). No significant differences were evident between baseline and any time point for all perceptual measures of jet-lag and recovery (P > .05), although large effects were evident for jet-lag on d 2 (2 d after arrival).Conclusions:Sleep duration is truncated during long-haul international travel with a 4-h time-zone delay and after night matches in elite footballers. However, this lost sleep appeared to have a limited effect on perceptual recovery, which may be explained by a westbound flight and a relatively small change in time zones, in addition to the significant increase in sleep duration on the night of arrival after the long-haul flight.

scholarly journals Effects of Northbound Long-Haul International Air Travel on Sleep Quantity and Subjective Jet Lag and Wellness in Professional Australian Soccer Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fowler ◽  
Rob Duffield ◽  
Kieran Howle ◽  
Adam Waterson ◽  
Joanna Vaile
Keyword(s):  
Air Travel ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Home Training

The current study examined the effects of 10-h northbound air travel across 1 time zone on sleep quantity, together with subjective jet lag and wellness ratings, in 16 male professional Australian football (soccer) players. Player wellness was measured throughout the week before (home training week) and the week of (away travel week) travel from Australia to Japan for a preseason tour. Sleep quantity and subjective jet lag were measured 2 d before (Pre 1 and 2), the day of, and for 5 d after travel (Post 1–5). Sleep duration was significantly reduced during the night before travel (Pre 1; 4.9 [4.2−5.6] h) and night of competition (Post 2; 4.2 [3.7−4.7] h) compared with every other night (P < .01, d > 0.90). Moreover, compared with the day before travel, subjective jet lag was significantly greater for the 5 d after travel (P < .05, d > 0.90), and player wellness was significantly lower 1 d postmatch (Post 3) than at all other time points (P < .05, d > 0.90). Results from the current study suggest that sleep disruption, as a result of an early travel departure time (8 PM) and evening match (7:30 PM), and fatigue induced by competition had a greater effect on wellness ratings than long-haul air travel with a minimal time-zone change. Furthermore, subjective jet lag may have been misinterpreted as fatigue from sleep disruption and competition, especially by the less experienced players. Therefore, northbound air travel across 1 time zone from Australia to Asia appears to have negligible effects on player preparedness for subsequent training and competition.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Haul Transmeridian Travel on Subjective Jet-Lag and Self-Reported Sleep and Upper Respiratory Symptoms in Professional Rugby League Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 876-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Fowler ◽  
Rob Duffield ◽  
Donna Lu ◽  
Jeremy A. Hickmans ◽  
Tannath J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Upper Respiratory Symptoms

Purpose:To examine the effects of 24-h travel west across 11 time zones on subjective jet-lag and wellness responses together with self-reported sleep and upper respiratory symptoms in 18 professional rugby league players.Methods:Measures were obtained 1 or 2 d before (pretravel) and 2, 6, and 8 d after travel (post-2, post-6, and post-8) from Australia to the United Kingdom (UK) for the 2015 World Club Series.Results:Compared with pretravel, subjective jet-lag remained significantly elevated on post-8 (3.1 ± 2.3, P < .05, d > 0.90), although it was greatest on post-2 (4.1 ± 1.4). Self-reported sleep-onset times were significantly earlier on post-2 than at all other time points (P < .05, d > 0.90), and large effect sizes suggested that wake times were earlier on post-2 than on post-6 and post-8 (d > 0.90). Although significantly more upper respiratory symptoms were reported on post-6 than at pretravel (P < .05, d ˃ 0.90), no incidence of injury and negligible changes in wellness and muscle strength and range of motion (P > .05, d < 0.90) were evident after travel.Conclusions:Results suggest that westward long-haul travel between Australia and the UK exacerbates subjective jet-lag and sleep responses, along with upper respiratory symptoms, in professional rugby league players. Of note, the increase in self-reported upper respiratory symptoms is a reminder that the demands of long-haul travel may be an additional concern in jet-lag for traveling athletes. However, due to the lack of sport-specific performance measures, it is still unclear whether international travel interferes with training to the extent that subsequent competition performance is impaired.

scholarly journals The effect of depressive symptomatology on the association of vitamin D and sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Mergl ◽  
Ezgi Dogan-Sander ◽  
Anja Willenberg ◽  
Kerstin Wirkner ◽  
Jürgen Kratzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Adult Study ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Abstract Background Sleep disorders and vitamin D deficiency are highly prevalent health problems. Few studies examined the effect of vitamin D concentrations on objectively measured sleep with high methodological quality and temporal proximity. Previous analysis within the LIFE-Adult-Study suggested that a lower concentration of serum vitamin D was associated with both shorter and later night sleep. However, no conclusion about underlying mechanisms could be drawn. We addressed the question whether this relationship is explained by the presence of depressive syndromes, which are linked to both vitamin D deficiency and sleep disturbances. Methods It was investigated whether the association of vitamin D concentrations and night sleep parameters is mediated or moderated by depressive symptomatology. We investigated a subset (n = 1252) of the community sample from the LIFE-Adult-Study, in which sleep parameters had been objectively assessed using actigraphy, based on which two sleep parameters were calculated: night sleep duration and midsleep time. Serum 25(OH) D concentrations were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Depressive symptomatology was evaluated with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The mediation effect was analyzed by using Hayes’ PROCESS macro tool for SPSS for Windows. Results The depressive symptomatology was neither significantly associated with night sleep duration nor midsleep time. The associations between vitamin D concentrations and night sleep duration/midsleep time through mediation by depressive symptomatology were not significant. Corresponding moderator analyses were also non-significant. Conclusion The associations between vitamin D concentrations and night sleep parameters (sleep duration and midsleep time) seem to be neither mediated nor moderated by depressive symptomatology.

142 Prenatal Sleep Quality and Infant Sleep: A Longitudinal Study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A58-A59
Author(s):  
Rebecca Burdayron ◽  
Marie-Helene Pennestri ◽  
Elizabeth Keys ◽  
Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen ◽  
Gerald Giesbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Maternal Sleep ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Abstract Introduction Poor sleep quality is common during pregnancy and can increase the risk of adverse obstetric and fetal outcomes. Existing research on the association between prenatal sleep and infant sleep is scarce and has focused on other aspects of prenatal sleep such as sleep duration, chronotype, and insomnia symptoms. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the association between prenatal sleep quality and infant sleep outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether maternal sleep quality during pregnancy was prospectively associated with infant sleep dimensions, independent of relevant covariates. Methods Participants were a subset of 272 mother-infant dyads enrolled in an ongoing cohort study. Maternal prenatal sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in early to mid- (M gestational age = 15.12 ± 3.56 weeks) and late- (M gestational age = 32.44 ± 0.99 weeks) pregnancy. Mothers completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. The following infant sleep parameters were assessed: sleep duration (day, night, 24-hour), number of night awakenings, and wake after sleep onset. Prenatal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at both pregnancy time points. Other covariates included maternal age at enrollment, infant age, parity, and co-sleeping status. Results Generalized estimating equations (GEE) models revealed that poorer maternal sleep quality during early-to-mid pregnancy did not significantly predict infant sleep parameters after adjustment for covariates (p &gt; .05). However, in late pregnancy, poorer maternal sleep quality significantly predicted shorter 24-hour sleep duration and longer wake after sleep onset, but not daytime sleep duration, nighttime sleep duration, and number of night awakenings (p &lt; .05). Conclusion Study findings advance our understanding of the prospective link between maternal prenatal sleep quality and infant sleep. Results indicate that maternal sleep quality during late gestation may play a role in the development of infant sleep patterns. These findings have important implications for intervention efforts targeting maternal sleep quality during pregnancy. Future research should use objective measures of sleep, such as actigraphy, to better elucidate the effects of prenatal sleep quality on infant sleep outcomes. Support (if any) The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)

scholarly journals Nutrition for Travel: From Jet lag To Catering

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shona L. Halson ◽  
Louise M. Burke ◽  
Jeni Pearce
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
International Travel ◽  
The Body ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Group Management ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
Eating Practices

Domestic and international travel represents a regular challenge to high-performance track-and-field athletes, particularly when associated with the pressure of competition or the need to support specialized training (e.g., altitude or heat adaptation). Jet lag is a challenge for transmeridian travelers, while fatigue and alterations to gastrointestinal comfort are associated with many types of long-haul travel. Planning food and fluid intake that is appropriate to the travel itinerary may help to reduce problems. Resynchronization of the body clock is achieved principally through manipulation of zeitgebers, such as light exposure; more investigation of the effects of melatonin, caffeine, and the timing/composition of meals will allow clearer guidelines for their contribution to be prepared. At the destination, the athlete, the team management, and catering providers each play a role in achieving eating practices that support optimal performance and success in achieving the goals of the trip. Although the athlete is ultimately responsible for his or her nutrition plan, best practice by all parties will include pretrip consideration of risks around the quality, quantity, availability, and hygiene standards of the local food supply and the organization of strategies to deal with general travel nutrition challenges as well as issues that are specific to the area or the special needs of the group. Management of buffet-style eating, destination-appropriate protocols around food/water and personal hygiene, and arrangement of special food needs including access to appropriate nutritional support between the traditional “3 meals a day” schedule should be part of the checklist.

scholarly journals Association between objectively measured body composition, sleep parameters and physical activity in preschool children: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e042669
Author(s):  
Justyna Wyszyńska ◽  
Piotr Matłosz ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Agnieszka Szybisty ◽  
Paweł Lenik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Objectively Measured

ObjectiveAssociations between self-reported sleep duration and obesity indices in children are well recognised; however, there are no studies on associations between objectively measured other sleep parameters and physical activity with body composition in preschoolers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the associations between sleep parameters and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with body composition indices in preschoolers using objective measures.DesignA cross-sectional study.ParticipantsThe study group consisted of 676 children aged 5–6 years, who were enrolled in kindergartens in the 2017/2018 school year.Outcome measuresSleep parameters and MVPA were measured using accelerometers for 7 days. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to estimate body composition.ResultsSleep duration and sleep efficiency were inversely associated with body fat percentage (BFP) (β=−0.013 and β from –0.311 to −0.359, respectively) and body mass index (BMI) (β from −0.005 to −0.006 and from −0.105 to –0.121, respectively), and directly associated with fat-free mass (FFM) (β from 0.010 to 0.011 and from 0.245 to 0.271, respectively) and muscle mass (β from 0.012 to 0.012 and from 0.277 to 0.307, respectively) in unadjusted and adjusted models. BFP was inversely associated with MVPA and positively associated with number of awakenings and sleep periods. Number of sleep periods was inversely associated with FFM, and positively with BMI and muscle mass. Correlation matrix indicated significant correlation between BFP, FFM and muscle mass with sleep duration, sleep efficiency, number of sleep periods and MVPA.ConclusionsPeriodic assessment of sleep parameters and MVPA in relation to body composition in preschool children may be considered, especially in those who are at risk for obesity.

scholarly journals Domestic and international mobility trends in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of facebook data

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry E. R. Shepherd ◽  
Florence S. Atherden ◽  
Ho Man Theophilus Chan ◽  
Alexandra Loveridge ◽  
Andrew J. Tatem
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Since early March 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic across the United Kingdom has led to a range of social distancing policies, which resulted in changes to mobility across different regions. An understanding of how these policies impacted travel patterns over time and at different spatial scales is important for designing effective strategies, future pandemic planning and in providing broader insights on the population geography of the country. Crowd level data on mobile phone usage can be used as a proxy for population mobility patterns and provide a way of quantifying in near-real time the impact of social distancing measures on changes in mobility. Methods Here we explore patterns of change in densities, domestic and international flows and co-location of Facebook users in the UK from March 2020 to March 2021. Results We find substantial heterogeneities across time and region, with large changes observed compared to pre-pademic patterns. The impacts of periods of lockdown on distances travelled and flow volumes are evident, with each showing variations, but some significant reductions in co-location rates. Clear differences in multiple metrics of mobility are seen in central London compared to the rest of the UK, with each of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland showing significant deviations from England at times. Moreover, the impacts of rapid changes in rules on international travel to and from the UK are seen in substantial fluctuations in traveller volumes by destination. Conclusions While questions remain about the representativeness of the Facebook data, previous studies have shown strong correspondence with census-based data and alternative mobility measures, suggesting that findings here are valuable for guiding strategies.

Guidelines for Fixed Wing Air Ambulance Flights

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-297
Author(s):  
R.J. Fairhurst ◽  
Captain D. Antrobus
Keyword(s):  
International Travel ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Air Ambulances ◽  
Air Ambulance ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Medical Transport ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Seriously Ill

The easy availability of small aircraft for charter, has been accompanied by increasing willingness on the part of insurance companies to pay the costs for the use of these air ambulances. Operators of aircraft in the United Kingdom and Europe were becoming increasingly worried about the moral, medical and legal implications of carrying seriously ill or injured passengers. In late 1980 the UK Air Taxi Operators Association (ATOA) began to formulate Guidelines for air ambulance operations, and in 1981 these were incorporated into the studies of the same subject by the International Business Aircraft Association (IBAA), Europe. This paper presents the Guidelines adopted by the ATOA and ratified by IBAA Europe. The Guidelines are designed not to hamper the development of aeormedical rescue, but to bring it within a proper medical aeronautical framework for the safety of the patients, and medical and aircraft crews.During the last 30 years development of the international travel market in Europe has resulted in many patients becoming ill or suffering injuries many miles from their own home. In the past these people would have remained in a local hospital and received treatment by the locally available facilities. There has been a revolution in the technology of medical transport, providing skills and equipment which allows the most seriously injured people to be transported over long distances. The public demand has pressed insurance companies to offer as part of travel packages the possiblity of medical repatriation. The number of new serious medical cases abroad reported to Europ Assistance in London, rose from 736 in 1978 to a projected 3,500 in 1983.

scholarly journals Sleep duration, sleep variability, and impairments of visual attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 868-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola L Barclay ◽  
Susan Rowley ◽  
Anna Robson ◽  
Umair Akram ◽  
Andriy Myachykov
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Attentional Performance ◽  
Wake Patterns ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Sleep Homeostat ◽  
Normal Sleep

Attentional networks are sensitive to sleep deprivation. However, variation in attentional performance as a function of normal sleep parameters is understudied. We examined whether attentional performance is influenced by (a) individual differences in sleep duration, (b) sleep duration variability, and/or (c) their interaction. A total of 57 healthy participants (61.4% female, Mage = 32.37 years, SD = 8.68) completed questionnaires, wore wrist actigraphy for 1 week, and subsequently completed the attention network test. Sleep duration and sleep duration variability did not predict orienting score, executive control score, or error rates. Sleep duration variability appeared to moderate the association between sleep duration with overall reaction time (β = –.34, t = –2.13, p = .04) and alerting scores (β = .43, t = 2.94, p = .01), though further inspection of the data suggested that these were spurious findings. Time of testing was a significant predictor of alerting score (β = .35, t = 2.96, p = .01), chronotype of orienting (β = .31, t = 2.28, p = .03), and age of overall reaction time (β = .35, t = 2.70, p = .01). Our results highlight the importance of examining the associations between variations in sleep–wake patterns and attentional networks in samples with greater variation in sleep, as well as the importance of rigorously teasing apart mechanisms of the sleep homeostat from those related to the circadian rhythm in studies examining cognition.

scholarly journals Sleep Duration in Relation to Cognitive Function among Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Devore ◽  
Francine Grodstein ◽  
Eva S. Schernhammer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Context: Increasing evidence suggests that circadian and sleep parameters influence cognitive function with aging. Objective: To evaluate observational studies of sleep duration and cognition in older adults. Data Sources: A systematic review of OVID Medline and PsycINFO through September 2015, and review of bibliographies from studies identified. Study Selection: English-language articles reporting observational studies of sleep duration and cognitive function in older populations. Data Extraction: Data extraction by 2 authors using predefined categories of desired information. Results: Thirty-two studies met our inclusion criteria, with nearly two-thirds published in the past 4 years. One-third of studies indicated that extreme sleep durations were associated with worse cognition in older adults. More studies favored an association with long vs. short sleep durations (35 vs. 26% of studies, respectively). Four studies found that greater changes in sleep duration over time were related to lower cognition. Study design and analytic methods were very heterogeneous across studies; therefore, meta-analysis was not undertaken. Limitations: We reviewed English-language manuscripts only, with a qualitative summary of studies identified. Conclusions and Implications of Key Findings: Observational studies of sleep duration and cognitive function in older adults have produced mixed results, with more studies suggesting that long (rather than short) sleep durations are related to worse cognition. Studies more consistently indicate that greater changes in sleep duration are associated with poor cognition. Future studies should be prospectively designed, with objective sleep assessment and longer follow-up periods; intervention studies are also needed to identify strategies for promoting cognitive health with aging.

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