The Trainability of Adolescent Soccer Players to Brief Periodized Complex Training

Purpose: To investigate the effect of a complex, short-term strength/power training protocol on performance and body composition of elite early adolescent soccer players. Methods: Twenty-two players (14–15 y) were randomly assigned to (1) an experimental group (N = 12; participated in a 5-wk training protocol with traditional multijoint power resistance exercises, Olympic-style lifts, plyometric drills, and speed work; 4 times per week) or (2) a control group (N = 10). Strength and power performance (jumping, speed, change of direction, repeated sprint ability, endurance, isokinetic strength of knee flexors and extensors, maximal strength in various lifts, and speed-endurance) were evaluated pretraining and posttraining. Results: Cessation of training for 5 weeks in the control group induced a marked performance deterioration (∼5%–20%). Training not only prevented strength performance deterioration but also increased it (∼2%–30%). Endurance and repeated sprint ability declined to a smaller extent in experimental group compared with control group (15% vs 7.5%). Isometric strength and body composition remained unaltered in both groups. Conclusions: Results demonstrate that (1) young players exhibit a high level of trainability of their strength/power performance (but not endurance) in response to a short-term complex training protocol during early adolescence, (2) Olympic-style lifts are characterized by increased safety in this age group and appear to be highly effective, (3) lifts incorporating a hip thrust result in increased strength of both knee extensors and flexors, (4) cessation of training for only 5 weeks results in marked deterioration of strength/power and endurance performance, and (5) improvement of strength/power performance may be related to neural-based adaptation as body composition remained unaffected.

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The Effects of a Twice-A-Week Strength Training Program on Children

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.5.4.339 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 339-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Avery D. Faigenbaum ◽

Leonard D. Zaichkowsky ◽

Wayne L. Westcott ◽

Lyle J. Micheli ◽

Allan F. Fehlandt

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Strength Training ◽

Training Program ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Short Term ◽

Repetition Maximum ◽

Resting Blood Pressure ◽

Experimental Group

The effectiveness of a twice-a-week strength training program on children was evaluated in 14 boys and girls (mean age 10.8 yrs) who participated in a biweekly training program for 8 weeks. Each subject performed three sets of 10 to 15 repetitions on five exercises with intensities ranging between 50 and 100% of a given 10-repetition maximum (RM). All subjects were pre- and posttested on the following measures: 10-RM strength, sit and reach flexibility, vertical jump, seated ball put, resting blood pressure, and body composition parameters. The subjects were compared to a similar group of boys and girls (n = 9; mean age 9.9 yrs) who were randomly selected to serve as controls. Following the training period, the experimental group made greater gains in strength (74.3%) as compared to the control group (13.0%) (p < 0.001), and differences in the sum of seven skinfolds were noted (−2.3% vs. +1.7%, respectively, p < 0.05). Training did not significantly affect other variables. These results suggest that participation in a short-term, twice-a-week strength training program can increase the strength and improve the body composition of young boys and girls.

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Body Composition and Somatotype in Elite Handball Players

International Journal of Physical Education Fitness and Sports ◽

10.26524/ijpefs19410 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 97-107

Author(s):

Pantovic Marko ◽

Marko Joksimovic ◽

Brkic Boris ◽

Gladysheva Anna ◽

Karisik Sinisa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Research Work ◽

Training Session ◽

Control Group ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Complex Training ◽

Experimental Group

As the main objective, this research work had to compare pre and post complex training effects on body composition in elite handball players in the Spanish 2nd Division. Eleven players were included in the study. Six of them formed an experimental group, and 5 of them the control group. They have undergone the complex training session which was done once a week. The following parameters were analyzed: BMI (Body Mass Index), somatotype, FM (Fat Mass), MM (Muscle mass), RM (Residual Mass), WHR (Waist to Hip Ratio), BM (Bone Mass). The results have shown that there was a not statistically significant difference after the 6 – week program neither in body composition and somatotypes. Since this program did not have a big influence on body composition we could say that complex training influences body composition should be further researched.

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Short-Term High Intensity Plyometric Training Program Improves Strength, Power and Agility in Male Soccer Players

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2013-0002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 17-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Márk Váczi ◽

József Tollár ◽

Balázs Meszler ◽

Ivett Juhász ◽

István Karsai

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Knee Extensor ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Control Group ◽

Plyometric Training ◽

Short Term ◽

Knee Extensor Strength ◽

Isometric Torque ◽

Soccer Training ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a short-term in-season plyometric training program on power, agility and knee extensor strength. Male soccer players from a third league team were assigned into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group, beside its regular soccer training sessions, performed a periodized plyometric training program for six weeks. The program included two training sessions per week, and maximal intensity unilateral and bilateral plyometric exercises (total of 40 - 100 foot contacts/session) were executed. Controls participated only in the same soccer training routine, and did not perform plyometrics. Depth vertical jump height, agility (Illinois Agility Test, T Agility Test) and maximal voluntary isometric torque in knee extensors using Multicont II dynamometer were evaluated before and after the experiment. In the experimental group small but significant improvements were found in both agility tests, while depth jump height and isometric torque increments were greater. The control group did not improve in any of the measures. Results of the study indicate that plyometric training consisting of high impact unilateral and bilateral exercises induced remarkable improvements in lower extremity power and maximal knee extensor strength, and smaller improvements in soccer-specific agility. Therefore, it is concluded that short-term plyometric training should be incorporated in the in-season preparation of lower level players to improve specific performance in soccer.

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Short-Term Effects of Complex Training on Agility with the Ball, Speed, Efficiency of Crossing and Shooting in Youth Soccer Players

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2014-0095 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Braulio Cavaco ◽

Nelson Sousa ◽

Victor Machado dos Reis ◽

Nuno Garrido ◽

Francisco Saavedra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Skills ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Control Group ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Ball Speed ◽

Youth Soccer ◽

Post Test ◽

Complex Training ◽

Soccer Training

Abstract Complex training (CXT) is the result of a combination of strength and plyometric exercises in the same session. This method has recently been used in the preparation of athletes of different sports. The aim of the present study was to observe the acute effects of a CXT program of 6 weeks: i) on agility with the ball, sprinting and the efficiency of crossing and shooting in youth soccer players; ii) and the influence of the number of CXT sessions per week (one vs. two). Sixteen youth male soccer players were randomly divided into three groups: a group that performed one weekly CXT session (GCT1, n = 5, age: 13.80 ± 0.45 years); or a group that performed two weekly CXT sessions (GCT2, n = 5, age: 14.20 ± 0.45 years); or a control group that did not perform the CTX (n = 6, age: 14.20 ± 0.84 years). All groups maintained their regular soccer training sessions. No significant interactions were found between GCT1 and GCT2 in all variables. Significant statistical differences were identified (F = 1139, p = 0.02, μp2 = 0531) in the pre-test versus post-test, for both experimental groups, in shot effectiveness. In conclusion, the CXT program proved to be an effective method in boosting abilities and motor skills associated with soccer among young athletes, particularly in increasing shot effectiveness.

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Effects of an Eccentric Training Protocol Using Gliding Discs on Balance and Lower Body Strength in Healthy Adults

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10245965 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (24) ◽

pp. 5965

Author(s):

Juan Lopez-Barreiro ◽

Pablo Hernandez-Lucas ◽

Jose Luis Garcia-Soidan ◽

Vicente Romo-Perez

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Body Composition ◽

Control Group ◽

Lower Body ◽

Eccentric Training ◽

Body Strength ◽

Lower Body Strength ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Training Protocol

Impaired balance and lower body weakness are the main causes of falls, which are considered to be the major cause of fractures and head injuries in the elderly and are recognised as a serious health problem. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of eccentric training, introducing new technologies (gliding discs), on body composition, lower body strength, balance and quality of life. A quasi-experimental study was carried out with 56 healthy participants who were divided into an experimental group (n = 31) who underwent the protocol consisting of 12 training sessions and a control group (n = 25) who did not undergo the training. Before and after the intervention, all participants underwent a measurement of body composition, the SJ jump, balance with accelerometry and quality of life with the Short Form 12 Health Survey. In the experimental group, statistically significant improvements were found in the variables balance and lower body strength. The application of this training protocol improves lower body strength and the ability to control balance in the adult population.

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Effectiveness of Abdominal and Gluteus Medius Training in Lumbo-Pelvic Stability and Adductor Strength in Female Soccer Players. A Randomized Controlled Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041528 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1528

Author(s):

Héctor Guerrero-Tapia ◽

Rodrigo Martín-Baeza ◽

Rubén Cuesta-Barriuso

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Gluteus Medius ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Limb Injuries ◽

Experimental Group

Background. Abdominal and lumbo-pelvic stability alterations may be the origin of lower limb injuries, such as adductor pathology in soccer players. Imbalance can be caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial over 8 weeks, 25 female footballers were randomly allocated to an experimental group (isometric abdominal training and gluteus medius-specific training) or a control group (isometric abdominal training). Evaluations were performed at baseline, at the end of the intervention and after a 4-week follow-up period. The exercise protocol in common for both groups included three exercises: Plank, Lateral plank and Bird dog. Specific exercises for the gluteus medius were: Pelvic drop and Stabilization of the gluteus medius in knee valgus. Outcome measures were lumbar-pelvic stability and adductor strength. Results: After the intervention, there was an increase in lumbo-pelvic stability in both groups, being greater in the control group than in the experimental group (mean differences [MD]: 4.84 vs. MD: 9.58; p < 0.01) with differences in the analysis of repeated measures (p < 0.001), but not in group interaction (p = 0.26). Changes were found in adductor strength in the experimental group (MD: −2.48; p < 0.001 in the left adductor; MD: −1.48; p < 0.01 in right adductor) and control group (MD: −1.68; p < 0.001 in the left adductor; MD: −2.05; p < 0.001 in the right adductor) after the intervention, with differences in the analysis of repeated measures in left (p < 0.001) and right (p < 0.001) adductor strength. Conclusions: An abdominal and gluteal training protocol shows no advantage over a protocol of abdominal training alone for lumbo-pelvic stability and adductor strength, while improvements in both variables are maintained at four weeks follow-up.

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Effects of Short-Term Plyometric Training on Agility, Jump and Repeated Sprint Performance in Female Soccer Players

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2274

Author(s):

Marcin Maciejczyk ◽

Renata Błyszczuk ◽

Aleksander Drwal ◽

Beata Nowak ◽

Marek Strzała

Keyword(s):

Physical Performance ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Plyometric Training ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Short Term ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Squat Jump ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Before And After

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of short-term (4 weeks, twice a week: 8 sessions) plyometric training on agility, jump, and repeated sprint performance in female soccer players. The study comprised 17 females performing this sports discipline. The players were randomly divided into two groups: with plyometric training (PLY) and the control (CON). All players followed the same training program, but the PLY group also performed plyometric exercises. Tests used to evaluate physical performance were carried out immediately before and after PLY. After implementing the short PLY training, significant improvement in jump performance (squat jump: p = 0.04, ES = 0.48, countermovement jump: p = 0.009, ES = 0.42) and agility (p = 0.003, ES = 0.7) was noted in the PLY group. In the CON group, no significant (p > 0.05) changes in physical performance were observed. In contrast, PLY did not improve repeated sprint performance (p > 0.05) among female soccer players. In our research, it was shown that PLY can also be effective when performed for only 4 weeks instead of the 6–12 weeks typically applied.

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Beneficial effects of an intradialytic cycling training program in patients with end-stage kidney disease

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2014-0357 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 550-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Carole Groussard ◽

Myriam Rouchon-Isnard ◽

Céline Coutard ◽

Fanny Romain ◽

Ludivine Malardé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Control Group ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Cycling Training ◽

Training Protocol

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), oxidative stress (OS) plays a central role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. This pilot program aimed to determine whether an intradialytic aerobic cycling training protocol, by increasing physical fitness, could reduce OS and improve other CKD-related disorders such as altered body composition and lipid profile. Eighteen hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to either an intradialytic training (cycling: 30 min, 55%–60% peak power, 3 days/week) group (EX; n = 8) or a control group (CON; n = 10) for 3 months. Body composition (from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), physical fitness (peak oxygen uptake and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT)), lipid profile (triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)), and pro/antioxidant status (15-F2α-isoprostanes (F2-IsoP) and oxidized LDL in plasma; superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced/oxidized glutathione in erythrocytes) were determined at baseline and 3 months later. The intradialytic training protocol did not modify body composition but had significant effects on physical fitness, lipid profile, and pro/antioxidant status. Indeed, at 3 months: (i) performance on the 6MWT was increased in EX (+23.4%, p < 0.001) but did not change in CON, (ii) plasma TG were reduced in EX (–23%, p < 0.03) but were not modified in CON, and (iii) plasma F2-IsoP concentrations were lower in EX than in CON (–35.7%, p = 0.02). In conclusion, our results show that 30 min of intradialytic training, 3 times per week for 3 months, are enough to exert beneficial effects on the most sensitive and reliable marker of lipid peroxidation (IsoP) while improving CKD-associated disorders (lipid profile and physical fitness). Intradialytic aerobic cycling training represents a useful and easy strategy to reduce CKD-associated disorders. These results need to be confirmed with a larger randomized study.

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Análisis funcional de un protocolo validado para la enseñanza de la desigualdad numérica en waterpolo en jugadores de categoría alevín (Efficacy comparative of a validated power play training protocol in water polo U12 players)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i35.67879 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 374-377

Author(s):

Francisco Manuel Argudo Iturriaga ◽

Pablo José Borges ◽

Encarnación Ruiz Lara ◽

Jaime Prieto Bermejo

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Design ◽

Control Group ◽

Observational Methodology ◽

Water Polo ◽

Los Grupos ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Training Protocol ◽

Power Play ◽

Teaching Situations

Resumen. El presente estudio pretende comprobar la eficacia de un protocolo para la enseñanza de las situaciones de juego en desigualdad numérica temporal simple en waterpolo con jugadores alevines. Se diseñaron y aplicaron 20 sesiones teóricas y prácticas sobre las acciones correctas a realizar. Se utilizó la metodología observacional mediante un diseño descriptivo y correlacional de carácter longitudinal. Se analizaron las diferencias entre un grupo experimental y un grupo control en 160 microsituaciones de juego en relación a la consecución de gol, fallo, interceptación y duración de la jugada. Hallando diferencias significativas entre los grupos (χ²(2)=16.99; p<.001; TE=.23), más goles y menos interceptaciones en el grupo experimental. Se concluye que el protocolo utilizado con el grupo experimental es válido, fiable y útil para la enseñanza de las jugadas en desigualdad numérica temporal simple con y sin posesión del balón en waterpolo.Abstract. The present study aims to test the efficacy of a protocol for teaching situations of play in simple temporary numerical inequality in water polo U12 player. 20 theoretical and practical sessions were designed and applied on the correct actions to be taken. Observational methodology was used through a descriptive and correlational longitudinal design. The differences between an experimental group and a control group were analyzed in 160 playing microsituations in relation to the achievement of goal, failure, interception and duration of the play. There were significant differences between groups (χ²(2)=16.99, p<.001; TE=.23), finding more goals and fewer interceptions in the experimental group. It is concluded that the protocol used with the experimental group is valid, reliable and useful for the teaching of plays in simple temporary numerical inequality with and without ball possession in water polo.

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The Effect of Video Imagery Training on Soccer Skills Performance of High School Players

Psychology and Education Journal ◽

10.17762/pae.v58i1.1224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 3184-3194

Author(s):

Sara Majlesi

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprint Time ◽

Imagery Training ◽

Video Imagery ◽

Reactive Agility ◽

Post Test ◽

Soccer Training ◽

Experimental Group

This study evaluated the effect of PETTLEP video imagery onreactive motor skill test (Total RMST time, sprint time, reactive agility time, passing time, and passing accuracy) among 32 Malaysian high school soccer players (mean age of 15.31±1.83) who were randomly assigned into an experimental group (N:16) and a control group (N:16). A pre-test-post-test design was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the high schoolplayers' soccer skill performance. The experimental group received 10-minute PETTLEP video imagery trainingbefore their regular soccer training for eight weeks in addition to their regular soccer training, while thecontrol group only attended their regular soccer training. The data analysis revealed a significant effect of video imagery training on players' performance in the experimental group. The results showed that total RMST time, reactive agility time, passing time, and passing accuracy were statistically different within the experimental group F(15, 154.993)= 14.440, p = < .001, Wilks' Λ = .050 and between groups F(5, 56.00)=379.774, p = < .001, Wilks' Λ = .050 after receiving the training, except for the sprint time which was not significant. The findings of this study provide evidence that eight weeks ofPETTLEPvideo imagery training interventioncan significantly improve soccer players' total RMST time, reactive agility time, passing time, and passing accuracy. These findings could be integrated into training programs by coaches and players in order to improve the performance of different soccer skills among high school players.

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