Single-Nucleotide-Polymorphism-Panel Population-Genetics Approach Based on the 1000 Genomes Database and Elite Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Monnerat ◽  
Alex S. Maior ◽  
Marcio Tannure ◽  
Lia K.F.C. Back ◽  
Caleb G.M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
1000 Genomes ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Early Results

Purpose: Soccer is one of the most popular sports worldwide, a physical activity of great physiological demand and complexity. Currently, numerous trials involving physiological responses such as hypertrophy, energy expenditure, vasodilation, cardiac output, VO2max, and recovery have supported the possibility of genomic predictors’ affecting performance. In a complementary way to association studies with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the objective was to evaluate if the use of population genetics data from human-genomics databases can provide information for a better understanding of the relationship between heritability and sport performance. Methods: The study included 25 healthy male professional soccer players (25.5 [4.3] y, 177.4 [6.4] cm, 76.4 [6.4] kg, body fat 10.5% [4.3%]) from the Brazilian first-division soccer club. Anthropometric measurements and field and isokinetic tests were performed to evaluate performance and physiologic parameters of subjects. Moreover, 10 genetic polymorphisms previously related to performance were genotyped. The genotypes of the same polymorphisms were obtained for 2504 individuals from the populations deposited in the 1000 Genomes database. A principal-component analysis and matrix genetic-distances approach (Fst) were evaluated. Results: As expected, the admixture Brazilian population has numerous genetic similarities with the European and American populations from genomic databases. Although the African component is absolutely recognized in genomes from the Brazilian population, using the specific performance-related SNPs, surprisingly the African population was one of the most genetically distant of the players (P < .00001). Conclusions: The early results suggest a selective pressure on genes of elite soccer players, possibly related simultaneously to physical-performance, environmental, cognitive, and sociocultural aspects.

scholarly journals Enhancing Grit Through Functional Imagery Training in Professional Soccer

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rhodes ◽  
Jon May ◽  
Jackie Andrade ◽  
David Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stepped Wedge ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Delayed Group ◽  
Short Time

Functional imagery training (FIT) extends multisensory imagery training by involving athletes with goal setting and appraisal. The authors measured the effect of FIT on 24 professional soccer players’ grit, a personality trait associated with perseverance for a long-term goal. In a stepped-wedge design, an immediate (n = 9) and a delayed (n = 10) group received FIT at Week 1 or 6 and were measured at Week 12. A self-selected control group (n = 5) received no intervention. The delayed group was also measured at Week 6 just before their intervention, and at Week 18. Grit scores in both intervention groups increased after the intervention, but the control group’s did not. The delayed group increased in grit between Weeks 6 and 12, showing the effectiveness of the intervention over a relatively short time, and continued to improve to Week 18. In the intervention groups, vividness of goal imagery also increased and players perceived that FIT improved sport performance.

scholarly journals Fast and robust ancestry prediction using principal component analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiwei Zhang ◽  
Rounak Dey ◽  
Seunggeun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Matrix Theory ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
1000 Genomes ◽  
Alternative Approaches

AbstractPopulation stratification (PS) is a major confounder in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and can lead to false positive associations. To adjust for PS, principal component analysis (PCA)-based ancestry prediction has been widely used. Simple projection (SP) based on principal component loading and recently developed data augmentation-decomposition-transformation (ADP), such as LASER and TRACE, are popular methods for predicting PC scores. However, they are either biased or computationally expensive. The predicted PC scores from SP can be biased toward NULL. On the other hand, since ADP requires running PCA separately for each study sample on the augmented data set, its computational cost is high. To address these problems, we develop and propose two alternative approaches, bias-adjusted projection (AP) and online ADP (OADP). Using random matrix theory, AP asymptotically estimates and adjusts for the bias of SP. OADP uses computationally efficient online singular value decomposition, which can greatly reduce the computation cost of ADP. We carried out extensive simulation studies to show that these alternative approaches are unbiased and the computation times can be 10-100 times faster than ADP. We applied our approaches to UK-Biobank data of 488,366 study samples with 2,492 samples from the 1000 Genomes data as the reference. AP and OADP required 7 and 75 CPU hours, respectively, while the projected computation time of ADP is 2,534 CPU hours. Furthermore, when we only used the European reference samples in the 1000 Genomes to infer sub-European ancestry, SP clearly showed bias, unlike the proposed approaches. By using AP and OADP, we can infer ancestry and adjust for PS robustly and efficiently.

scholarly journals Effects of 30 days of ketogenic diet on body composition, muscle strength, muscle area, metabolism, and performance in semi-professional soccer players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Antonio Paoli ◽  
Laura Mancin ◽  
Massimiliano Caprio ◽  
Elena Monti ◽  
Marco V. Narici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Professional Soccer

Abstract Background A ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional approach, usually adopted for weight loss, that restricts daily carbohydrates under 30 g/day. KD showed contradictory results on sport performance, whilst no data are available on team sports. We sought to investigate the influence of a KD on different parameters in semi-professional soccer players. Methods Subjects were randomly assigned to a iso-protein (1.8 g/Kg body weight/day) ketogenic diet (KD) or western diet (WD) for 30 days. Body weight and body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), cross sectional area (CSA) and isometric muscle strength of quadriceps, counter movement jump (CMJ) and yoyo intermittent recovery test time were measured. Results There was a significantly higher decrease of body fat (p = 0.0359), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (p = 0.0018), waist circumference (p = 0.0185) and extra-cellular water (p = 0.0060) in KD compared to WD group. Lean soft tissue, quadriceps muscle area, maximal strength and REE showed no changes in both groups. RER decreased significantly in KD (p = 0.0008). Yo-yo intermittent test improved significantly (p < 0.0001) in both groups without significant differences between groups. CMJ significantly improved (p = 0.0021) only in KD. Conclusions This is the first study investigating the effects of a KD on semi-professional soccer players. In our study KD athletes lost fat mass without any detrimental effects on strength, power and muscle mass. When the goal is a rapid weight reduction in such athletes, the use of a KD should be taken into account. Trial registration registered retrospectively on Clinical Trial registration number NCT04078971.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Physical Demands of Friendly Matches and Different Types On-Field Integrated Training Sessions in Professional Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2904
Author(s):  
Jesus Vicente Giménez ◽  
Julen Castellano ◽  
Patrycja Lipinska ◽  
Mariusz Zasada ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Acceleration Rate ◽  
Rate Acceleration ◽  
Task Training ◽  
Associated Variables

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among physical demands of two friendly matches (FMs) and three task training sessions (TS1,2,3) combining in a different way: a Small-Sided Game (SSG), Mini-Goals (MG), a ball Circuit Training (CT) and a Large-Sided Game (LSG): SSG+MG+LSG (TS1), SSG+CT+LSG (TS2) and MG+CT+LSG (TS3). The TS and match demands in running intensities were monitored in fourteen professional soccer players (age = 23.2 ± 2.7 years, height = 178 ± 6 cm, body mass = 73.2 ± 6.9 kg, mean and SD, respectively) using 10-Hz global positioning system devices, and players’ perception of exertion was recorded after each session or match using a visual analogue scale. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA with a Bonferroni correction coupled with magnitude-based inferences were used. A principal component (PC) analysis was conducted on all variables to account for covariance. Three PCs were retained, explaining 76% of the variance: Component 1 explained 46.9% with the associated variables: Total Distance (TD) and distance covered in ranges of speed from >2.2 to <5 m/s, Player Load and Work Rest Ratio; component 2 explained 19.7% and was composed of TD at > 5 m/s and maximal running speed (MRS); and component 3 explained 9.5% and was represented by TD < 2.2 m/s, decelerations and accelerations. The ANOVA results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among TS vs. FM in TD3, TD4, TD5, and TD > 5, TD, deceleration rate, acceleration rate, maximal running speed, exertion index, work rest ratio, and self-reported exertion. Therefore, the training routines did not replicate the main set of high intensity efforts experienced in competitive conditions. Additionally, PC analysis could be applied in order to select the most representative training and competitive conditions.

scholarly journals Stressors in Indoor and Field Brazilian Soccer: Are They Perceived as a Distress or Eustress?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Regina Ferreira Brandão ◽  
Luis Felipe Polito ◽  
Vania Hernandes ◽  
Mariana Correa ◽  
Ana Paula Mastrocola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
The Impact

Soccer players inescapably live under stress during the sportive career, and many real-life aspects of soccer situations operate in the ongoing performance. This study’s main objective was to elaborate the List of Stressors in Professional Indoor and Field Soccer, a self-report instrument designed to measure the impact of 77 soccer situations upon the sport performance. Participants were 138 indoor and field soccer players from the Brazilian Premier League. Each situation was evaluated on a 7-point scale, ranging from the most negative (−3) to the most positive (+3). Data were analyzed according to the players’ perception of the items: distress or eustress and its intensity, and after that, situations perceived as plus −1 and +1 were compared by time in which they were experienced and distributed among five categories established by the literature: Expectations about the Performance, Personal Factors, Competition Aspects, Training Demands, and Relationship with Significant People. Narratives of athletes’ experiences were also used to discuss the results. An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling using Bi-factorial (BI-ESEM) was employed to assess the factor structure. For the total participants, 49 situations were perceived as distress and 28 as eustress. Using the criteria established a priori, the distribution was among the five categories in the remaining 32 situations. Differences in perception between less and more experienced players were found in 11 situations. The results revealed that Brazilian professional soccer players experience various stressful situations. These events are important representations of environmental demands and could predict the performance as they are perceived as eustress or distress. Some of these stressful situations are inherent in sport and others adjacent to the sports system or environment. Coach pressure to win and conflicts with teammates are examples of stressors in-sport, family problems and disputes with press or fans are examples of stressors external to the team, also called peripheral opponents, and showed the relative social influence of significant others in soccer performance. We can conclude that the knowledge of the direction of a given stress situation has important practical implications in preparing athletes and helping them face the performance stressors that are part of soccer daily life.

scholarly journals SnpReady for Rice (SR4R) Database

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yan ◽  
Dong Zou ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Zhang Zhang ◽  
Shuhui Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Genotype Imputation ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genomic Breeding ◽  
The Public ◽  
Snp Panels

AbstractThe information commons for rice (IC4R) database is a collection of ∼18 million SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) identified by the resequencing of 5,152 rice accessions. Although IC4R offers ultra-high density rice variation map, these raw SNPs are not readily usable for the public. To satisfy different research utilizations of SNPs for population genetics, evolutionary analysis, association studies and genomic breeding in rice, the raw genotypic data of the 18 million SNPs were processed by unified bioinformatics pipelines. The outcomes were used to develop a daughter database of IC4R – SnpReady for Rice (SR4R). The SR4R presents four reference SNP panels, including 2,097,405 hapmapSNPs after data filtration and genotype imputation, 156,502 tagSNPs selected from linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based redundancy removal, 1,180 fixedSNPs selected from genes exhibiting selective sweep signatures, and 38 barcodeSNPs selected from DNA fingerprinting simulation. SR4R thus offers a highly efficient rice variation map that combines reduced SNP redundancy with extensive data describing the genetic diversity of rice populations. In addition, SR4R provides rice researchers with a web-interface that enables them to browse all four SNP panels, use online toolkits, and retrieve the original data and scripts for a variety of population genetics analyses on local computers. The SR4R is freely available to academic users at http://sr4r.ic4r.org/.

scholarly journals Comparison of Official and Friendly Matches through Acceleration, Deceleration and Metabolic Power Measures: A Full-Season Study in Professional Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5980
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Sara Mahmoudzadeh Khalili ◽  
Rafael Oliveira ◽  
Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Metabolic Power ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
High Effort

Soccer is a popular team sport and highly demanding activity that requires high effort and long-term training plans. The goals of this study were to compare the accelerations, decelerations and metabolic power between official and friendly full matches, between the first and second halves of the matches, and between both halves of official and friendly matches. Twelve professional soccer players (age, 28.6 ± 2.7 years; height, 182.1 ± 8.6 cm; body mass, 75.3 ± 8.2 kg; BMI, 22.6 ± 0.7 kg/m2) participated in this study. A total of 33 official and 10 friendly matches were analyzed from the Iranian Premier League. All matches were monitored using GPSPORTS systems Pty Ltd. The following variables were selected: total duration of the matches, metabolic power, accelerations Zone1 (<2 m·s−2) (AccZ1), accelerations Zone2 (2 to 4 m·s−2) (AccZ2), accelerations Zone3 (>4 m·s−2) (AccZ3), decelerations Zone1 (<−2 m·s−2) (DecZ1), decelerations Zone2 (−2 to −4 m·s−2) (DecZ2) and decelerations Zone3 (>−4 m·s−2) (DecZ3). The major finding was shown in metabolic power, where higher values occurred in friendly matches (p < 0.05 with small effect size). Furthermore, total duration, AccZ3, DecZ1, DecZ2, and DecZ3 were revealed to be higher in official matches, while AccZ1 and AccZ2 were higher in friendly matches. The second half of the official matches revealed higher values for total duration compared to friendly matches (p < 0.05, moderate effect size). In conclusion, this study observed higher values of metabolic power in friendly matches compared to official matches. AccZ3, DecZ1, DecZ2, and DecZ3 were higher in official matches, while AccZ1 and AccZ2 were higher in friendly matches.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document