Effect of Differential Training on Female Volleyball Spike-Jump Technique and Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip X. Fuchs ◽  
Andrea Fusco ◽  
Jeffrey W. Bell ◽  
Serge P. von Duvillard ◽  
Cristina Cortis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Force Plate ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Control Phase ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Performance Determinants ◽  
And Performance

Purpose: To determine the effect of in-season differential training on volleyball spike-jump technique and performance in elite-level female players. Methods: During the season, spike jumps of 12 elite female players (Austrian Volleyball League Women) were recorded by 13 Qualisys Oqus cameras (250 Hz) and an AMTI force plate (1000 Hz). First measurement was made at the beginning of the investigation. Two identical measurements were repeated after a first and a second interval. The first interval served as control phase. The second interval was comparable in length and regular program but included differential training (6 wk, 8 sessions of 15–20 min) as a modified warm-up. It addressed specific performance determinants. Analyses of variances were calculated for the 3 measurements and for the development during control and intervention phase. Results: Initial jump height (0.44 [0.09] m) changed by −4.5% during the control phase and +11.9% during the intervention (P < .001, ). All approach variables, arm backswing, and velocity-conversion strategy improved compared with the control phase (Δ%: 6.1–51.2%, P < .05, ). Joint angles, countermovement depth, maximal angular velocities, and torso incline were not affected (Δ%: −2.9–9.1%, P = .066–.969, ). Conclusions: In-season differential training led to technical adaptations and increased spike-jump height in elite female players. The differential training program allowed players to experience a range of adaptability and to adjust toward an individual optimum in technical components of performance determinants. Coaches are encouraged to apply technical differential training to elite athletes and to target biomechanical performance factors specifically.

scholarly journals A Survey of Lifestyle and Performance Factors of Elite and Pre-Elite Athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Burns ◽  
Juanita R. Weissensteiner ◽  
Marc Cohen ◽  
Stephen Bird
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
State Level ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Smooth Transitions

Abstract Background Success at the elite level in sport is often attributed to physical prowess, technical skill, and mental attitude. However, underpinning these factors are various lifestyle and social influences that further contribute to successful performance, but which may be absent from athlete development programs. Methods An online survey was used to investigate athlete perceptions of lifestyle practices and support services amongst 135 Australian Olympic, Paralympic, National, and state-level athletes across 25 Olympic sports. Results International athletes perceived psychological skills and attributes, along with strong interpersonal relationships as vital to their success, and they also rated ‘Recovery practices’ as very important. Athletes wanted greater knowledge, mentoring, and autonomy earlier in their careers. Conclusions An athlete development system into which these are included may assist in generating an environment to facilitate repeated podium performances, retain athletes in high-performance sport for longer, encourage human-flourishing and smooth transitions for retiring athletes.

Assessing a smartphone application to measure counter-movement jumps in recreational athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Driller ◽  
Francisco Tavares ◽  
Daniel McMaster ◽  
Shannon O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Recreational Athletes

The use of counter-movement jumps as a measure of neuromuscular performance in athletes has become common in the sport setting. Accurate methods of measuring jump parameters are often expensive, difficult to transport and require expert knowledge. A new smartphone application ( My Jump) claims to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing jump height but is yet to be evaluated by independent researchers. Sixty-one recreational athletes (30 male/31 female, mean ± SD; age: 20 ± 4 years) each performed three counter-movement jumps (totalling 183 jumps) on a force plate following a standardised warm-up. All jumps were recorded using an iPhone 6 s and analysed for jump height (m) and flight time (s) using the My Jump application. Jumps were compared between a force plate and My Jump for validity with inter-scorer reliability also assessed. Results show that My Jump is valid (mean bias = 0.9 cm, r = 0.96) and reliable (typical error of estimate = 1.4 cm) for assessing jump performance in recreational athletes using an iPhone 6 s with a 240 Hz high-speed camera. My Jump is a cost-effective and easy-to-use alternative for measuring vertical jump performance without the need for specialist equipment or expertise.

Inter- and Intra-Individual Analysis in Elite Sport: Pistol Shooting

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Ball ◽  
Russell J. Best ◽  
Tim V. Wrigley
Keyword(s):  
Force Plate ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Individual Analysis ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Strength Of Association

Research into the relationship between body sway, aim-point fluctuation, and performance in pistol shooting has been inconclusive. The present study reex-amined this relationship on an interindividual basis, as done in previous studies, and via intraindividual analysis, not previously examined. Five elite pistol shooters performed 20 shots similar to competition conditions. For each shot, body-sway parameters and aim-point fluctuation parameters were quantified for the time period 1 s to shot. An AMTI LG6-4 force plate was used to measure body-sway parameters, while a SCATT shooting analysis system was used to measure aim-point fluctuation and shooting performance. Multiple regression analysis indicated that body sway was related to performance for one shooter, aim-point fluctuation was related to performance for three shooters, and body sway was related to aim-point fluctuation for four shooters. These relationships were specific to the individual, with the strength of association and parameters of importance being different for different shooters. However, interindividual analysis indicated that only aim-point fluctuation was related to performance. It was concluded that body sway, aim-point fluctuation, and performance are important in elite level pistol shooting, and performance errors at the elite level are individual-specific. Individual analysis should be a priority when examining elite level sports performance.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of small-sided games as a conclusive part of warm-up routines in handball

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Dello Iacono ◽  
Andrew Vigotsky ◽  
Lior Laver ◽  
Israel Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Z Scores

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of small sided games (SSG) and traditional warm-up strategies on the mechanical, physiological, and perceptional responses of handball players. Using a randomized and counterbalanced design, 12 elite male handball players completed a general 8 min warm-up which was concluded with an 8 min section of either specific handball shooting drills or 3 × 2 min of SSG with a passive recovery of 1 min between bouts. Countermovement jumps and plyometric press-ups were assessed before and immediately after the warm-up regimens using a force plate. Heart rate (HR) was assessed during the warm up regimens, and rating of perceived effort (RPE) was assessed after the regimens. Meaningful differences favoring SSG were observed in most of the kinetic variables in the countermovement jumps and plyometric press-ups (|Hedges’ g| = 0.26–1.42). Conversely, no meaningful differences were found between warm up regimens in RPE or HR responses (z-scores = 0.45 and 1.88, respectively). These results indicate that concluding warm-ups with SSGs offer greater benefits compared to a more traditional warm-up routine, despite similar HR and RPE responses even when matched for duration among elite level handball players.

scholarly journals Kinematic Determinants of Front Kick Dynamics Across Different Loading Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Vagner ◽  
Daniel Cleather ◽  
Petr Kubovy ◽  
Vladimir Hojka ◽  
Petr Stastny
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Hip Motion ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACT Introduction The efficiency of front kick is related to the kicking technique. Thus, the aim of this study was to find the kinematic determinants of front kick dynamics across different performance and loading levels (no load to 45-kg load). Materials and Methods Twenty-four elite and sub-elite professional military personnel (26.8 ± 10.1 years, 84.2 ± 5.4 kg, 181.1 ± 6.4 cm) performed six front kicks into a force plate across five different loading conditions. Three-dimensional kinematics of the kicks was quantified and included velocity of the hip (Vhip), velocity of the knee (Vknee), velocity of the shoulder (Vshoulder), velocity of the foot (Vfoot), angular velocity of the knee (AVknee), and angular velocity of the hip (AVhip). Results The main kinematic differences between the two groups were that the sub-elite group had an increased kick time for all loading conditions (P &lt; .001) and a lower Vfoot (P = .05) and a decreased Vhip and Vshoulder (P &lt; .05) in the highest load condition. Vhip and AVhip were the best predictors (up to R2 = 0.58; P = .020) of peak force and impact force during no-load or loaded kicking at the elite level. Typical predictors of impulse in the elite group were AVhip, Vhip, and Vshoulder and those in the sub-elite group were AVknee and Vfoot. Conclusions The kinematic variables provide good predictions of kicking dynamics; however, the best predictor varies with the loading conditions and performance levels. Hip motion is the main differentiating factor.

Linguistic Competence in Aphasia

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Leonard L. LaPointe
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Feral Children ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Linguistic Rules ◽  
Communication Goals ◽  
Aphasia Treatment ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Loss of implicit linguistic competence assumes a loss of linguistic rules, necessary linguistic computations, or representations. In aphasia, the inherent neurological damage is frequently assumed by some to be a loss of implicit linguistic competence that has damaged or wiped out neural centers or pathways that are necessary for maintenance of the language rules and representations needed to communicate. Not everyone agrees with this view of language use in aphasia. The measurement of implicit language competence, although apparently necessary and satisfying for theoretic linguistics, is complexly interwoven with performance factors. Transience, stimulability, and variability in aphasia language use provide evidence for an access deficit model that supports performance loss. Advances in understanding linguistic competence and performance may be informed by careful study of bilingual language acquisition and loss, the language of savants, the language of feral children, and advances in neuroimaging. Social models of aphasia treatment, coupled with an access deficit view of aphasia, can salve our restless minds and allow pursuit of maximum interactive communication goals even without a comfortable explanation of implicit linguistic competence in aphasia.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Different Postactivation Potentiation Protocols on Traditional Rowing Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Alfonso Penichet-Tomas ◽  
Jose M. Jimenez-Olmedo ◽  
Luis Serra Torregrosa ◽  
Basilio Pueo
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Maximal Load ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Load Intensity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Student’S T

Postactivation potentiation (PAP) describes an initial muscular activation with a submaximal or maximal load intensity that produces acute improvements in muscle power and performance in subsequent explosive activities. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of different PAP protocols in rowing performance. A crossover design involving seven rowers was used, in which two different PAP protocols were applied: PAP of maximal conditioning contractions (PAP MCC) on a rowing ergometer to provide greater transferability and, thus, enhance the magnitude of PAP stimuli on subsequent rowing performance; and PAP of maximal strength contractions (PAP MSC) in half squat and bench pull exercises, similar to the main exercises in rowing strength training, to perform a 20 s “all-out” test simulating a competition start. Student’s t-test was used to compare means of the variables (p < 0.05). Effect size statistics were calculated using Cohen’s d. The PAP MCC protocol resulted in significant differences, with an extremely large effect size in average power output (p = 0.034, d = 0.98) in the first 3 (p = 0.019, d = 1.15) and first 5 (p = 0.036, d = 0.91) strokes. This group also reached a greater number of strokes (p = 0.049, d = 2.29) and strokes per minute (p = 0.046, d = 1.15). PAP with maximal conditioning contractions in rowing warm-up enhanced subsequent rowing sprint and is an advisable strategy to potentiate performance at the start of rowing competitions and sprint regattas.

scholarly journals Return to Sport After Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596712110035
Author(s):  
Kyle W. Morse ◽  
Ajay Premkumar ◽  
Andrew Zhu ◽  
Rachelle Morgenstern ◽  
Edwin P. Su
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Hip Resurfacing ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty ◽  
Resurfacing Arthroplasty ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
End Stage

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement and degenerative hip osteoarthritis (OA) affect athletes across a wide variety of sports. Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) has emerged as a surgical treatment for active individuals with end-stage hip OA to provide pain relief and allow return to high-impact activities. Return to professional sports after HRA has not been well characterized. Purpose/Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to report on a series of elite athletes in a variety of sports who underwent HRA. We hypothesized that professional and elite-level athletes would be able to return to sports after HRA for end-stage hip OA. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective case series was conducted on professional athletes who underwent HRA at a single institution between 2007 and 2017. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon using the posterolateral approach. Athletes’ return to play and sport-specific performance statistics were obtained using self-reported and publicly available data sources. Athletes were matched to an age- and performance-based cohort to determine changes in performance-based metrics. Results: Eight professional athletes were identified, including 2 baseball pitchers, 1 ice hockey defenseman, 1 foil fencer, 1 men’s doubles tennis player, 1 basketball player, 1 ultramarathoner, and 1 Ironman triathlete. All 8 patients returned to sports; 6 of 8 (75%) patients were able to return for at least 1 full season at a professional level after surgery. There were no significant differences between performance statistics for athletes who returned to play and their preoperative performance measures for the years leading up to surgery or the age- and performance-matched cohort. Conclusion: HRA remains a surgical alternative for end-stage hip OA in young, high-impact, active patients. While the primary goals of surgery are pain control and quality of life improvement, it is possible to return to elite-level sporting activity after HRA.

Physical and performance characteristics related to starter status, position, and division in Japanese collegiate American-football players

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Junta Iguchi ◽  
Minoru Matsunami ◽  
Tatsuya Hojo ◽  
Yoshihiko Fujisawa ◽  
Kenji Kuzuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
And Performance

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the variations in body composition and performance in Japanese collegiate American-football players. OBJECTIVE: To clarify what characterizes competitors at the highest levels – in the top division or on the starting lineup – we compared players’ body compositions and performance test results. METHODS: This study included 172 players. Each player’s body composition and performance (one-repetition maximum bench press, one-repetition maximum back squat, and vertical jump height) were measured; power was estimated from vertical jump height and body weight. Players were compared according to status (starter vs. non-starter), position (skill vs. linemen), and division (1 vs. 2). Regression analysis was performed to determine characteristics for being a starter. RESULTS: Players in higher divisions and who were starters were stronger and had more power, greater body size, and better performance test results. Players in skill positions were relatively stronger than those in linemen positions. Vertical jump height was a significant predictor of being a starter in Division 1. CONCLUSION: Power and vertical jump may be a deciding factor for playing as a starter or in a higher division.

Resources for What? Understanding Performance in the Resource-Based View and Strategic Human Capital Resource Literatures

2021 ◽  
pp. 014920632110031
Author(s):  
Robert E. Ployhart
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Strategic Human Capital ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Collective Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Behavior ◽  
Management Scholarship

Barney’s presentation of the resource-based view (RBV) profoundly shaped the trajectory of management scholarship. This article considers the RBV’s impact specifically on the field of strategic human capital resources. Although Barney is still highly relevant, I suggest that research has not sufficiently appreciated the role that individual and collective performance behavior and outcomes play in linking human capital resources to competitive advantage. An alternative, what might be called RBV2.0, posits that research needs to recognize that human capital resources are distinct from performance behavior and outcomes. Such an observation raises the question, “Resources for what?” Answering this question leads to several important insights. First, a given type of human capital resource is only important to the extent it is related to performance behavior and outcomes that contribute to competitive advantage. Second, performance behavior is largely strategy-specific and thus firm-specific. Third, firm specificity is not a characteristic of human capital resources but rather a function of the proximity of the resource to firm-specific performance behavior and outcomes. Consequently, “Performance” is the answer to the question, “Resources for what?” This emphasis on understanding human capital resource-performance relationships adds considerable precision into the RBV, helps resolve puzzles in the strategic human capital literature relating to firm specificity and performance mobility, and promotes a deeper understanding hiding latent within Barney’s original view.

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