The Business End of the Season: A Comparison Between Playoff and Regular-Season Workloads in Professional Basketball Players

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Davide Ferioli ◽  
Aaron T. Scanlan ◽  
Daniele Conte ◽  
Emanuele Tibiletti ◽  
Ermanno Rampinini
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

Purpose: To quantify and compare the internal workloads experienced during the playoffs and regular season in basketball. Methods: A total of 10 professional male basketball players competing in the Italian first division were monitored during the final 6 weeks of the regular season and the entire 6-week playoff phase. Internal workload was quantified using the session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) method for all training sessions and games. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (day type × period) was utilized to assess differences in daily s-RPE between game days, days within 24 hours of games, and days >24 hours from games during the playoffs and regular season. Comparisons in weekly training, game, and total workloads were made between the playoffs and regular season using paired t tests and effect sizes. Results: A significant interaction between day and competitive period for s-RPE was found (P = .003, moderate). Lower s-RPE was apparent during playoff and regular-season days within 24 hours of games than all other days (P < .001, very large). Furthermore, s-RPE across days >24 hours from playoff games was different than all other days (P ≤ .01, moderate–very large). Weekly training (P = .009, very large) and total (P < .001, moderate) s-RPE were greater during the regular season than playoffs, whereas weekly game s-RPE was greater during the playoffs than the regular season (P < .001, very large). Conclusions: This study presents an exploratory investigation of internal workload during the playoffs in professional basketball. Players experienced greater training and total weekly workloads during the regular season than during the playoffs with similar daily game workloads between periods.

Comparing Weekly Training and Game Demands According to Playing Position in a Semiprofessional Basketball Team

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Markus N.C. Williams ◽  
Vincent J. Dalbo ◽  
Jordan L. Fox ◽  
Cody J. O’Grady ◽  
Aaron T. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Longitudinal Observational Study ◽  
Weekly Training

Purpose: To compare weekly training and game demands according to playing position in basketball players. Methods: A longitudinal, observational study was adopted. Semiprofessional, male basketball players categorized as backcourt (guards; n = 4) and frontcourt players (forwards/centers; n = 4) had their weekly workloads monitored across an entire season. External workload was determined using microsensors and included PlayerLoad™ (PL) and inertial movement analysis variables. Internal workload was determined using heart rate to calculate absolute and relative summated-heart-rate-zones workload and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) to calculate session-RPE workload. Comparisons between weekly training and game demands were made using linear mixed models and effect sizes in each positional group. Results: In backcourt players, higher relative PL (P = .04, very large) and relative summated-heart-rate-zones workload (P = .007, very large) were evident during training, while greater session-RPE workload (P = .001, very large) was apparent during games. In frontcourt players, greater PL (P < .001, very large), relative PL (P = .019, very large), peak PL intensities (P < .001, moderate), high-intensity inertial movement analysis events (P = .002, very large), total inertial movement analysis events (P < .001, very large), summated-heart-rate-zones workload (P < .001, very large), RPE (P < .001, very large), and session-RPE workload (P < .001, very large) were evident during games. Conclusions: Backcourt players experienced similar demands between training and games across several variables, with higher average workload intensities during training. Frontcourt players experienced greater demands across all variables during games than training. These findings emphasize the need for position-specific preparation strategies leading into games in basketball teams.

scholarly journals Differences in Weekly Load Distribution Over Two Euroleague Seasons with a Different Head Coach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2812
Author(s):  
Hugo Salazar ◽  
Luka Svilar ◽  
Ane Aldalur-Soto ◽  
Julen Castellano
Keyword(s):  
External Load ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Coaching Strategies ◽  
Weekly Training

The weekly training management and competition loads are important aspects to optimize the performance of professional basketball players. The objectives of the study were (a) to describe the weekly external load (EL), as well as the internal response (IR), of elite basketball players over two consecutive seasons with a different head coach and (b) to compare weekly loads of different competitive densities. The data were collected from 27 elite players from the same team competing in the Spanish first division league (ACB) and EuroLeague during 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 seasons. EL was measured using microsensor technology to determine PlayerLoad values, expressed in arbitrary units (AU). Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) was used for IR quantification. Comparisons between the two seasons and of weeks with different competitive densities were made. The inter-week load variability was moderate-high for both seasons. The highest EL values were measured during the weeks with three games (W3) (W3 > W0 > W2 > W1), while the most demanding week for players’ IR was observed during weeks with no competition (W0). Additionally, higher EL (d = 0.31) and IR (d = 0.37) values were observed in season 2018–2019 compared to 2017–2018. The results obtained in this study contributed new data on the internal and external load required by professional basketball players in weeks with different number of games and showed that different coaching strategies may demand a different external and internal workload in consecutive seasons. Furthermore, the results highlighted the need to carry out an adequate load management program.

The Concurrent Validity of Session-Rating of Perceived Exertion Workload Obtained Face-to-Face Versus Via an Online Application: A Team Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1476-1479
Author(s):  
Jordan L. Fox ◽  
Cody J. O’Grady ◽  
Aaron T. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
State Level ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Online Application ◽  
Face To Face

Purpose: To compare the concurrent validity of session-rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) workload determined face-to-face and via an online application in basketball players. Methods: Sixteen semiprofessional, male basketball players (21.8 [4.3] y, 191.2 [9.2] cm, 85.0 [15.7] kg) were monitored during all training sessions across the 2018 (8 players) and 2019 (11 players) seasons in a state-level Australian league. Workload was reported as accumulated PlayerLoad (PL), summated-heart-rate-zones (SHRZ) workload, and sRPE. During the 2018 season, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was determined following each session via individualized face-to-face reporting. During the 2019 season, RPE was obtained following each session via a phone-based, online application. Repeated-measures correlations with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the relationships between sRPE collected using each method and other workload measures (PL and SHRZ) as indicators of concurrent validity. Results: Although all correlations were significant (P < .05), sRPE obtained using face-to-face reporting demonstrated stronger relationships with PL (r = .69 [.07], large) and SHRZ (r = .74 [.06], very large) compared with the online application (r = .29 [.25], small [PL] and r = .34 [.22], moderate [SHRZ]). Conclusions: Concurrent validity of sRPE workload was stronger when players reported RPE in an individualized, face-to-face manner compared with using a phone-based online application. Given the weaker relationships with other workload measures, basketball practitioners should be cautious when using player training workloads predicated on RPE obtained via online applications.

scholarly journals The Use of Session RPE to Monitor the Intensity of Weight Training in Older Women: Acute Responses to Eccentric, Concentric, and Dynamic Exercises

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro S. Ferreira ◽  
Kleverton Krinski ◽  
Ragami C. Alves ◽  
Mariana L. Benites ◽  
Paulo E. Redkva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Acute Responses ◽  
Muscle Actions

The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is ability to detect and interpret organic sensations while performing exercises. This method has been used to measure the level of effort that is felt during weight-training at a given intensity. The purpose of this investigation was to compare session RPE values with those of traditional RPE measurements for different weight-training muscle actions, performed together or separately. Fourteen women with no former weight-training experience were recruited for the investigation. All participants completed five sessions of exercise: familiarization, maximum force, concentric-only (CONC-only), eccentric-only (ECC-only), and dynamic (DYN = CONC + ECC). The traditional RPE method was measured after each series of exercises, and the session RPE was measured 30 min after the end of the training session. The statistical analyses used were the pairedt-test, one-way analysis of variance, and repeated measures analysis of variance. Significant differences between traditional RPE and session RPE for DYN, CONC, and ECC exercises were not found. This investigation demonstrated that session RPE is similar to traditional RPE in terms of weight-training involving concentric, eccentric, or dynamic muscle exercises, and that it can be used to prescribe and monitor weight-training sessions in older subjects.

The Work Endurance Recovery Method for Quantifying Training Loads in Judo

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 913-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Morales ◽  
Emerson Franchini ◽  
Xavier Garcia-Massó ◽  
Mónica Solana-Tramunt ◽  
Bernat Buscà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Purpose:To adapt the work endurance recovery (WER) method based on randori maximal time to exhaustion (RMTE) for combat situations in judo.Methods:Eleven international-standard judo athletes (7 men and 4 women; mean age 20.73 ± 2.49 y, height 1.72 ± 0.11 m, body mass 67.36 ± 10.67 kg) were recruited to take part in the study. All participants performed a maximal incremental test (MIT), a Wingate test (WIN), a Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT), and 2 RMTE tests. They then took part in a session at an international training camp in Barcelona, Spain, in which 4 methods of load quantification were implemented: the WER method, the Stagno method, the Lucia method, and the session rating of perceived exertion (RPEsession).Results:RMTE demonstrated a very high test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .91), and correlations of the performance tests ranged from moderate to high: RMTE and MIT (r = .66), RMTE and WIN variables (r = .38–.53), RMTE and SJFT variables (r = .74–.77). The correlation between the WER method, which considers time to exhaustion, and the other systems for quantifying training load was high: WER and RPEsession (r = .87), WER and Stagno (r = .77), WER and Lucia (r = .73). A comparative repeated-measures analysis of variance of the normalized values of the quantification did not yield statistically significant differences.Conclusions:The WER method using RMTE is highly adaptable to quantify randori judo sessions and enables one to plan a priori individualized training loads.

Weekly Training Demands Increase, but Game Demands Remain Consistent Across Early, Middle, and Late Phases of the Regular Season in Semiprofessional Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Markus N.C. Williams ◽  
Jordan L. Fox ◽  
Cody J. O’Grady ◽  
Samuel Gardner ◽  
Vincent J. Dalbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
External Monitoring ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Training Demands

Purpose: To compare weekly training, game, and overall (training and games) demands across phases of the regular season in basketball. Methods: Seven semiprofessional, male basketball players were monitored during all on-court team-based training sessions and games during the regular season. External monitoring variables included PlayerLoad™ and inertial movement analysis events per minute. Internal monitoring variables included a modified summated heart rate zones model calculated per minute and rating of perceived exertion. Linear mixed models were used to compare training, game, and overall demands between 5-week phases (early, middle, and late) of the regular season with significance set at P ≤ .05. Effect sizes were calculated between phases and interpreted as: trivial, <0.20; small, 0.20 to 0.59; moderate, 0.60 to 1.19; large, 1.20 to 1.99; very large, ≥2.00. Results: Greater (P > .05) overall inertial movement analysis events (moderate–very large) and rating of perceived exertion (moderate) were evident in the late phase compared with earlier phases. During training, more accelerations were evident in the middle (P = .01, moderate) and late (P = .05, moderate) phases compared with the early phase, while higher rating of perceived exertion (P = .04, moderate) was evident in the late phase compared with earlier phases. During games, nonsignificant, trivial–small differences in demands were apparent between phases. Conclusions: Training and game demands should be interpreted in isolation and combined given overall player demands increased as the season progressed, predominantly due to modifications in training demands given the stability of game demands. Periodization strategies administered by coaching staff may have enabled players to train at greater intensities late in the season without compromising game intensity.

The Relationship Between Training Load and Injury in Men’s Professional Basketball

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1238-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn J. Weiss ◽  
Sian V. Allen ◽  
Mike R. McGuigan ◽  
Chris S. Whatman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:To establish the relationship between the acute:chronic workload ratio and lower-extremity overuse injuries in professional basketball players over the course of a competitive season. Methods:The acute:chronic workload ratio was determined by calculating the sum of the current week’s session rating of perceived exertion of training load (acute load) and dividing it by the average weekly training load over the previous 4 wk (chronic load). All injuries were recorded weekly using a self-report injury questionnaire (Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Injury Questionnaire20). Workload ratios were modeled against injury data using a logistic-regression model with unique intercepts for each player. Results:Substantially fewer team members were injured after workload ratios of 1 to 1.49 (36%) than with very low (≤0.5; 54%), low (0.5–0.99; 51%), or high (≥1.5; 59%) workload ratios. The regression model provided unique workload–injury trends for each player, but all mean differences in likelihood of being injured between workload ratios were unclear. Conclusions:Maintaining workload ratios of 1 to 1.5 may be optimal for athlete preparation in professional basketball. An individualized approach to modeling and monitoring the training load–injury relationship, along with a symptom-based injury-surveillance method, should help coaches and performance staff with individualized training-load planning and prescription and with developing athlete-specific recovery and rehabilitation strategies.

Combined Effect of Number of Players and Dribbling on Game-Based-Drill Demands in Basketball

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Ferioli ◽  
Diego Rucco ◽  
Ermanno Rampinini ◽  
Antonio La Torre ◽  
Marco M. Manfredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Perceptual Response ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Analysis Technique

Purpose: To examine the physiological, physical, and technical demands of game-based drills (GBDs) with regular dribble (RD) or no dribble (ND) involving a different number of players (3 vs 3, 4 vs 4, and 5 vs 5). Methods: Ten regional-level male basketball players performed 6 full-court GBD formats (each consisting of 3 bouts of 4 min and 2 min rest) on multiple occasions. The physiological and perceptual responses were measured through heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. Video-based time–motion analysis was performed to assess the GBD physical demands. The frequencies of occurrence and the duration were calculated for high-intensity, moderate-intensity, low-intensity, and recovery activities. Technical demands were assessed with a notional-analysis technique. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess statistical differences between GBD formats. Results: A greater perceptual response (rating of perceived exertion) was recorded during 3 versus 3 than 5 versus 5 formats (P = .005). Significant interactions were observed for the number of recovery (P = .021), low-intensity activity (P = .007), and all movements (P = .001) completed. Greater time was spent performing low-intensity and high-intensity activities during RD than ND format. Greater technical demands were observed for several variables during 3 versus 3 than 4 versus 4 or 5 versus 5. A greater number of turnovers (P = .027), total (P ≤ .001), and correct passes (P ≤ .001) were recorded during ND than RD format. Conclusions: The number of players predominantly affected the perceptual response to GBD, while both the number of players and rule modification (RD vs ND) affected activities performed during GBD. Reducing the number of players increases the GBD technical elements, while ND format promotes a greater number of turnovers and passes.

scholarly journals Perceived training load and jumping responses following nine weeks of a competitive period in young female basketball players

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor de Freitas Cruz ◽  
Lucas Adriano Pereira ◽  
Ronaldo Kobal ◽  
Katia Kitamura ◽  
Cristiano Cedra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Weekly Training

The aims of this study were to describe the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), total quality recovery (TQR), and variations in countermovement jump (CMJ) height throughout nine weeks of a competitive period in young female basketball players. In total, 10 young female basketball players (17.2 ± 0.4 years; 71.8 ± 15.0 kg; 177.2 ± 9.5 cm) participated in this study. The sRPE and TQR were assessed in each training session, whereas the CMJ height was assessed prior to the first weekly training session. The magnitude-based inferences method was used to compare the sRPE, TQR, and CMJ height across the nine weeks of training. The training loads accumulated in weeks 1, 2, and 3 were likely to almost certainly be higher than in the following weeks (ES varying from 0.67 to 2.55). The CMJ height in week 1 was very likely to be lower than in weeks 2, 5, 7, and 8 (ES varying from 0.24 to 0.34), while the CMJ height of the 9th week was likely to almost certainly be higher than all previous weeks of training (ES varying from 0.70 to 1.10). Accordingly, it was observed that when higher training loads were accumulated, both CMJ and TQR presented lower values than those presented during periods with lower internal training loads. These results highlight the importance of using a comprehensive and multivariate approach to effectively monitor the physical performance of young athletes.

scholarly journals Impaired Player–Coach Perceptions of Exertion and Recovery During Match Congestion

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Doeven ◽  
Michel S. Brink ◽  
Wouter G.P. Frencken ◽  
Koen A.P.M. Lemmink
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Subsequent Recovery ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Quality Of Recovery ◽  
Degree Of Recovery

During intensified phases of competition, attunement of exertion and recovery is crucial to maintain performance. Although a mismatch between coach and player perceptions of training load is demonstrated, it is unknown if these discrepancies also exist for match exertion and recovery. Purpose:To determine match exertion and subsequent recovery and to investigate the extent to which the coach is able to estimate players’ match exertion and recovery. Methods:Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and total quality of recovery (TQR) of 14 professional basketball players (age 26.7 ± 3.8 y, height 197.2 ± 9.1 cm, weight 100.3 ± 15.2 kg, body fat 10.3% ± 3.6%) were compared with observations of the coach. During an in-season phase of 15 matches within 6 wk, players gave RPEs after each match. TQR scores were filled out before the first training session after the match. The coach rated observed exertion (ROE) and recovery (TQ-OR) of the players. Results:RPE was lower than ROE (15.6 ± 2.3 and 16.1 ± 1.4; P = .029). Furthermore, TQR was lower than TQ-OR (12.7 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.3; P < .001). Correlations between coach- and player-perceived exertion and recovery were r = .25 and r = .21, respectively. For recovery within 1 d the correlation was r = .68, but for recovery after 1–2 d no association existed. Conclusion:Players perceive match exertion as hard to very hard and subsequent recovery reasonable. The coach overestimates match exertion and underestimates degree of recovery. Correspondence between coach and players is thus not optimal. This mismatch potentially leads to inadequate planning of training sessions and decreases in performance during fixture congestion in basketball.

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