Physiological, Anthropometric, and Performance Characteristics of Rugby Sevens Players

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean G. Higham ◽  
David B. Pyne ◽  
Judith M. Anson ◽  
Anthony Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Better Than

Although the characteristics of 15-a-side rugby union players have been well defined, there is little information on rugby sevens players.Purpose:The authors profiled the anthropometric, physiological, and performance qualities of elite-level rugby sevens players and quantified relationships between these characteristics.Methods:Eighteen male international rugby sevens players undertook anthropometric (body mass, height, sum of 7 skinfolds, lean-mass index), acceleration and speed (40-m sprint), muscle-power (vertical jump), repeatedsprint- ability (6 × 30-m sprint), and endurance (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test and treadmill VO2max) testing. Associations between measurements were assessed by correlation analysis.Results:Rugby sevens players had anthropometric characteristics (body mass 89.7 ± 7.6 kg, height 1.83 ± 0.06 m, sum of 7 skinfolds 52.2 ± 11.5 mm; mean ± SD) similar to those of backs in international 15-player rugby union. Acceleration and speed (40-m sprint 5.11 ± 0.15 s), muscle-power (vertical jump 66 ± 7 cm), and endurance (VO2max 53.8 ± 3.4 mL · kg−1 · min−1 ) qualities were similar to, or better than, those of professional 15-a-side players. Coefficients of variation ranged from 2.5% to 22%. Relative VO2max was largely correlated with Yo-Yo distance (r = .60, .21−.82; 90% confidence interval) and moderately correlated with 40-m sprint time (r = −.46, −.75 to −.02) and repeated-sprint ability (r = −.38, −.72 to .09).Conclusions:International rugby sevens players require highly developed speed, power, and endurance to tolerate the demands of competition. The small between-athletes variability of characteristics in rugby sevens players highlights the need for relatively uniform physical and performance standards in contrast with 15-a-side players.

Effects of In-Season (5 Weeks) Creatine and Pyruvate Supplementation on Anaerobic Performance and Body Composition in American Football Players

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Stone ◽  
Kimberly Sanborn ◽  
Lucille L. Smith ◽  
Harold S. O'Bryant ◽  
Tommy Hoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
American Football ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Body Mass Composition

The purpose of this investigation was to study the efficacy of two dietary supplements on measures of body mass, body composition, and performance in 42 American football players. Group CM (n = 9) received creatine monohy-drate, Group P (n = 11) received calcium pyruvate. Group COM (n = 11) received a combination of calcium pyruvate (60%) and creatine (40%), and Group PL received a placebo. Tests were performed before (Tl) and after (T2) the 5-week supplementation period, during which the subjects continued their normal training schedules. Compared to P and PL. CM and COM showed significantly greater increases for body mass, lean body mass, 1 repetition maximum (RM) bench press, combined 1 RM squat and bench press, and static vertical jump (SVJ) power output. Peak rate of force development for SVJ was significantly greater for CM compared to P and PL. Creatine and the combination supplement enhanced training adaptations associated with body mass/composition, maximum strength, and SVJ; however, pyruvate supplementation alone was ineffective.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Latihan Pliometrik Depth Jump dan Jump To Box Power Terhadap Otot Tungkai dalam Smash Permainan Bola Voli

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Deswita Suprianti ◽  
Zenda Paripurna
Keyword(s):  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Leg Muscle Power ◽  
Better Than

This study aims to find out better plyometric exercises between depth jump and jump to box plyometrics exercises on leg muscle power in volleyball smash games in Mts Salafiah extracurricular. This research uses experimental methods with the design of "pretest-posttest one group design". The population in this study were volleyball students in Mts Salafiah extracurricular totaling 30 students. Samples taken from the results of the sampling technique that is purposive sampling, with criteria namely; (1) actively participating in extracurricular activities in Mts Salafiah, (2) registered as extracurricular participants in Mts Salafiah, (3) willing to take part in the training during the research. Based on these criteria, there were 20 students who met them. The instrument used for the jump height test is the vertical jump. Data analysis using t test. The results of the analysis showed that: (1) There was an effect of depth jump plyometric training on leg muscle power in volleyball smash games in Mts Salafiah extracurricular, with t count 3.405> t table 2.23, and significance value 0.008 <0.05, increase in the average difference in value 5.40 cm. (2) There is an effect of jump to box plyometric training on leg muscle power in volleyball smash in Mts Salafiah extracurricular, with t count value 2. 945> t table 2.23, and significance value 0.016 <0.05, increase in mean difference of 3.70 cm. (3) Jump to box plyometric training is better than depth jump plyometric training on leg muscle power in volleyball smash games in Mts Salafiah extracurricular, with an average difference of 10.50 cm

scholarly journals Physical Fitness Profiling of National Category Table Tennis Players: Implication for Health and Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9362
Author(s):  
Jon Mikel Picabea ◽  
Jesús Cámara ◽  
Javier Yanci
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Better Than

The aims of this study were to: (1) analyze table tennis players’ physical profiles considering and comparing players age categories (i.e., under U12, U14, U16, U20, Senior and Older); and (2) to quantify the correlations among the variables measured by each test. Seventy-one table tennis players (61 men and 10 women, 19.7 ± 11.23 years, 1.65 ± 0.13 m, 59.71 ± 17.72 kg and 21.60 ± 4.22 kg/m2) divided into six age groups, performed a sprint test, forearm isometric strength test, countermovement vertical test, countermovement horizontal test, change of direction ability (CODA) test and flexibility test. U14 players performed better than U12 in all tests (ES = −0.70 to 1.98, moderate to large) except in Sit and Reach (SAR) test (ES = 0.19, trivial). The U16 group also obtained better results than U14 in all tests (ES = 0.77 to −2.31, moderate to large) except for the SAR test (ES = 0.19, trivial). The U20 group performed better than U16 in all the tests (ES = 0.73 to −1.53, moderate to large) except for the 5 m sprint test (ES = −0.02, trivial), 10 m sprint test (ES = −0.51, moderate) and SAR (ES = 0.11, trivial). Differences between Senior and U20 were only found in the arm swing counter movement jump (CMJAS) (ES = −0.82, large) and modified agility test (MAT) (ES = 1.19, large), with the U20 group being better in both variables. The senior group performed better in the MAT test than the older group (ES = 0.94, large). The relation found between forearm isometric strength, vertical jump, horizontal jump, sprint and CODA ability (r = −0.53; ±0.14, 0/0/100, most likely to r = 0.83; ±0.06, 100/0/0, most likely) indicates that these capacities are related in table tennis players. Nevertheless, the lack of association between the sit and reach test with the other capacities may indicate that flexibility is an independent capacity.

Establishment of an external quality-assessment scheme for amino acid analyses: results from assays of samples distributed during two years

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Rattenbury ◽  
J C Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
External Quality ◽  
External Quality Assessment Scheme ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trimmed Means ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Ten different samples of lyophilized plasma and two of liquid urine were distributed during two years to 26 laboratories performing quantitative amino acid analyses in a scheme designed to provide external quality assessment. After each distribution, statistical summaries and performance scores based on delta standard deviations and percentage biases from the all-laboratory trimmed means were returned to participants, who also received annual performance summaries based on their accumulated results. Coefficients of variation calculated from returns across all the samples ranged from 13% for glycine to 65% for methionine. Automated ion-exchange amino acid analyzers with ninhydrin detection appeared to perform better than other methods, although there was no clearly superior method and no model of analyzer clearly outperformed the others. These exercises demonstrate that there is room for improvement in the performance of quantitative amino acid analyses and that individual expertise may be more important in maintaining good performance than the choice of method or analyzer.

scholarly journals Somatotype, Level of Competition, and Performance in Attack in Elite Male Volleyball

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikiforos Giannopoulos ◽  
George Vagenas ◽  
Konstantinos Noutsos ◽  
Karolina Barzouka ◽  
Nikolaos Bergeles
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Numerical Scale ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between somatotype, level of competition, and performance in attack in elite level male volleyball players. The objective was to test for the potential covariation of competition level (Division A1 vs. A2) and playing position (hitters vs. centers vs. opposites) considering performance in attack. Anthropometric, body composition and somatotype variables were measured according to the Heath-Carter method. The attack actions of 144 players from 48 volleyball matches were analyzed and their performance was rated using a 5-point numerical scale. Results showed that players of Division A1 were taller, heavier, more muscular, and less endomorphic compared to those of Division A2. MANOVA and follow-up discriminant function analysis revealed somatotype differences among playing positions with centers and opposites being endomorph-ectomorph and hitters being central. Centers performed constantly better than hitters and opposites regardless of the division and somatotype. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that variables defining ectomorph and endomorph players, centers, and players of Division A1 significantly determined the relative performance superiority and were able to explain the variation in performance by almost 25%. These results could be taken into account by coaches when assigning players to particular playing positions or when designing individualized position-specific training programs.

The Effects of Performance Standards on Behavior Patterns and Motor Skill Achievement in Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaland Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Standard ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

The effect of individual performance standards on the relationship between selected process variables and achievement for students in elementary physical education classes is investigated. The subjects were 78 fourth-grade and 80 fifth-grade students from eight classes in two elementary schools. Two fourth grades and 2 fifth grades received standards, and 2 fourth grades and 2 fifth grades did not. A 1-week experimental teaching unit was used. A Solomon 4-group design was used to determine if there was a pretest effect. The data were analyzed in a Treatment (standard-no standard) × Pre (pretest-no pretest) × Sex × Grade MANOVA using posttest and motor-appropriate trials as the dependent measures; this analysis was followed up by two separate ANOVAs. Correlation was used to determine the relationship, if any, between behavior patterns and performance. The treatment group performed better than the control group, boys performed better than girls, and fifth graders performed better than fourth graders. Individuals with standards performed significantly better than those with no standards. The Pre × Treatment interaction suggested that having a pretest tends to standardize the amount of practice an individual takes. There was a positive relationship between motor-appropriate practice and performance regardless of treatment group. These data suggest that performance can be improved by individual performance standards and that care should be taken in using pre- and posttest methods for testing motor skills.

scholarly journals Comparison of Morphological Profiles and Performance Variables Between Female Volleyball Players of the First and Second Division In Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Roriz ◽  
Daniel Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
And Performance

AbstractKnowledge of players’ anthropometric profiles may contribute to a better understanding of the differences between their performance levels. For example, vertical jump height, which is a major indicator of a volleyball player’s performance, is influenced by favorable anthropometric variables. This study’s aim was to describe anthropometric profiles of elite female volleyball players competing in the 1st and 2nd divisions in Portugal and to link these profiles with performance skills such as jump height obtained during blocking and spiking actions. Fifty-nine volleyball players were analyzed according to their competitive level, forming three independent groups: GA (n = 20, A1 division, ranked first), GB (n = 21, A1 division, ranked last) and GC (n = 18, A2 division). Anthropometric data collected included body mass and height, arm span, seven skinfolds (triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal, thigh and calf), four body perimeters (relaxed brachial, contracted brachial, thigh and calf), and two body diameters (humeral and femoral). Performance data included the height obtained during block and spike actions. Significant differences were found between groups (GA/GB from A1 and GC from A2). Players in the GA had the highest body mass (68.05 ± 6.62 kg, p < 0.05), body height (176.35 ± 6.21 cm, p < 0.05), arm span (177.59 ± 6.09 cm, p < 0.05), lean mass (53.51 ± 4.94 kg, p < 0.05) and vertical jump heights (block: 0.36 ± 0.06 m and spike: 0.43 ± 0.05 m, p < 0.05). As expected, the fat mass percentage of GA players was the lowest (21.30 ± 2.61%). The results suggest that anthropometric profiles of volleyball players may vary according to the competitive level. The higher body mass, body height, arm span, and lean mass presented by GA players in comparison with GC players suggest these variables are important for top-level performance, since these athletes also exhibited higher jump heights. Variables such as height and arm span have a considerable genetic influence and could be important for early talent identification in volleyball. Other variables such as body mass, lean mass and vertical jump performance are more complex, since they also reflect the effects of environmental and training conditions.

scholarly journals Variables antropométricas y de rendimiento físico en niños y niñas de 10-15 años de edad (Anthropometrics variables and performance in children of 10-15 years old)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
José Antonio Domínguez Montes ◽  
Luís Sánchez Medina ◽  
David Rodríguez Rosell ◽  
Juan José González Badillo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The University ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

El objetivo fue comprobar la relación y los cambios en la evolución de variables antropométricas básicas y el rendimiento en pruebas físicas en personas de 10-15 años de edad. Se seleccionaron 76 niños y niñas al ~50%. Se formaron seis grupos, según la edad. Se midieron la talla, el peso corporal (PC), el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el sprint en 0-20 m, el salto vertical (CMJ) y un test de resistencia [Test de la Universidad de Montreal (TUM)]. En la distancia de 0-10 m de sprint y en CMJ, sólo a partir de los 13 años se alcanzaron diferencias significativas con respecto al grupo de 10 años, y ningún grupo mejora de manera significativa con respecto al grupo de 12 años. En la distancia de 10-20 m y de 0-20 m de sprint se observaron diferencias significativas desde 12 años con respecto a 10 años, y desde 13 con respecto a 11, pero sólo el grupo 15 años fue superior al de 12. En el TUM se observó una tendencia a aumentar el resultado desde 10 a 14 años, pero en ningún caso las diferencias fueron significativas. Las relaciones entre el CMJ y TUM con el sprint fueron todas significativas y negativas. El control del peso corporal no redujo estas relaciones. El IMC presentó correlaciones positivas con el sprint, y negativas con CMJ y TUM, y el control de la talla aumentó todas estas correlaciones. El IMC fue estable durante todo el rango de edad. Los sujetos más resistentes tendían a ser también más rápidos y a saltar más. La relación entre el IMC y la resistencia fueron independientes de la edad.Palabras clave. Talla, peso corporal, IMC, salto, aceleración, resistencia, jóvenes 10-15 años.Abstract. The objective was to determine the relationship and changes in the evolution of basic anthropometric variables and physical performance tests in children aged 10-15 years. Seventy-six boys and girls were selected (approximately 50% of each). Six groups were formed according to age. Assessments included height, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), 0-20 m sprint, vertical jump (CMJ), and an endurance test [Test of the University of Montreal (TUM)]. In the distance of 0-10 m. sprint and CMJ, only from 13 years significant differences from the group 10 years were reached, and no group improved significantly compared to the group of 12. In the distance of 10-20 m and 0-20 m sprint significant differences from 12 years to 10 years, and from 13- to 11- years, were observed, but only the 15- years old group did better than the 12- years old. Regarding TUM, a tendency to increase the output from 10 to 14 years was observed, but in any case the differences were significant. Relations between the CMJ and TUM with sprint were all significant and negative. Controlling for body weight did not reduce these relationships. The IMC showed positive correlations with sprint, and negative with CMJ and TUM, and controlling for height increased these correlations. BMI was stable throughout the age range. The subjects with the highest endurance also tended to be faster and jump higher. The relationship between BMI and endurance was independent of age.Keywords. Height, body weight, BMI, jump, sprint, endurance, young 10-15 years old.

scholarly journals Impact of Training in Sports Games and Cyclic Sports Events on Cardiovascular System, Motor and Sensomotor Abilities of 11—14 Year-Old Boys

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (72) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arūnas Emeljanovas ◽  
Jonas Poderys ◽  
Eurelija Venskaitytė
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Jumping Test

Individual development depends not only on inherent qualities but also on the effective influence of the environment. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of variable intensity as partially regulated physical loads which are appropriate for sports games performances and cyclic nature as strictly regulated physical loads which is appropriate for cyclic sports events on the dynamics of muscular, cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS). The contingent of this study was 70 boys of 11—14 years of age: cyclic sports events (track and field athletes) and sports games athletes (basketball, volleyball, football players) were tested for four years. The following methods were used: Tapping test, Roufier exercise test, vertical jump test, 30 s maximal jumping test, measurements of ABP, electrocardiography, dynamometry, measurements of the body mass components. Sports games athletes were superior over cyclic sports events athletes taking into account CNS mobility, anaerobic efficiency and anaerobic work capacity. Evaluating boys’ motor abilities (performing vertical jump and 30 s maximal jumping test), it was observed that these indices were improving with age in both sports games athletes and cyclic sports events athletes groups, but they did not vary statistically significantly among each other. Evaluating the indices of muscle power by dynamometry measurements, it was determined that cyclic sports events had greater influence on muscle power. These results show that 11—14 year-old boys are still developing and are not mature. Long-time research of body components revealed that body fat decreased with age and active body mass and total body liquid mass increased with age, but in case of sports games athletes and cyclic sports events athletes, they did not vary. Sports games athletes were characterized as having lower HR values than cyclic sports events athletes, though during all investigation statistically significant differences were observed in 13 year-old group. Statistically significant differences were found evaluating JT interval data. The development rate of muscular, cardiovascular system and performance abilities of CNS increase under the influence of variable intensity of physical load which is appropriate for sports games in contrast to cyclic sports events, which is an essential external factor at the age of 11—13. Decisive influence of endogenous factors on growth and development of boys significantly increases at the age of 13—14 years due to the changes of cardiovascular system, and CNS indices accelerate.Keywords: cardiovascular system, central nervous system, cyclic sports, sports games.

Predictors of Fielding Performance in Professional Baseball Players

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald T. Mangine ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman ◽  
Jose Vazquez ◽  
Napoleon Pichardo ◽  
Maren S. Fragala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
And Performance

The ultimate zone-rating extrapolation (UZR/150) rates fielding performance by runs saved or cost within a zone of responsibility in comparison with the league average (150 games) for a position. Spring-training anthropometric and performance measures have been previously related to hitting performance; however, their relationships with fielding performance measures are unknown.Purpose:To examine the relationship between anthropometric and performance measurements on fielding performance in professional baseball players.Methods:Body mass, lean body mass (LBM), grip strength, 10-yd sprint, proagility, and vertical-jump mean (VJMP) and peak power (VJPP) were collected during spring training over the course of 5 seasons (2007–2011) for professional corner infielders (CI; n = 17, fielding opportunities = 420.7 ± 307.1), middle infielders (MI; n = 14, fielding opportunities = 497.3 ± 259.1), and outfielders (OF; n = 16, fielding opportunities = 227.9 ± 70.9). The relationships between these data and regular-season (100-opportunity minimum) fielding statistics were examined using Pearson correlation coefficients, while stepwise regression identified the single best predictor of UZR/150.Results:Significant correlations (P < .05) were observed between UZR/150 and body mass (r = .364), LBM (r = .396), VJPP (r = .397), and VJMP (r = .405). Of these variables, stepwise regression indicated VJMP (R = .405, SEE = 14.441, P = .005) as the single best predictor for all players, although the addition of proagility performance strengthened (R = .496, SEE = 13.865, P = .002) predictive ability by 8.3%. The best predictor for UZR/150 was body mass for CI (R = .519, SEE = 15.364, P = .033) and MI (R = .672, SEE = 12.331, P = .009), while proagility time was the best predictor for OF (R = .514, SEE = 8.850, P = .042).Conclusions:Spring-training measurements of VJMP and proagility time may predict the defensive run value of a player over the course of a professional baseball season.

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