Differences on Spinal Curvature in Standing Position by Gender, Age and Weight Status Using a Noninvasive Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morin Lang-Tapia ◽  
Vanesa España-Romero ◽  
Juan Anelo ◽  
Manuel J. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Noninvasive Method ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Determinant Factor

This aim was to examine differences on lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis in standing position by gender, age and weight status in healthy subjects using a noninvasive method. A total of 297 women (36.6 ± 7.3 years) and 362 men (39.8 ± 7.5 years) participated in this study. Participants were categorized according to the international BMI (kg/m2) cut-off points. Age was stratified by ten years increments starting from 20 y. Men showed smaller lumbar lordosis (17.3 ± 9.3) and larger thoracic kyphosis (42.8 ± 8.8°) than women (29.6 ± 11.3 and 40.4 ± 9.5° respectively; bothp< .001). Older groups presented smaller lumbar lordosis and larger thoracic kyphosis values compared with the 20–29 y group (20.9 ± 10.4, 20.8 ± 11.2 and 23.6 ± 12.6° for ≥50, 40–49 and 30–39 y, respectively vs. 26.7 ± 12.2° for 20–29 y in lumbar lordosis and 42.6 ± 9.8, 42.61 ± 8.7 and 41.8 ± 8.9° for ≥50, 40–49 and 30–39 y, respectively vs. 37.5 ± 10.9° for 20–29 y in thoracic kyphosis; bothp< .05). Finally, overweight and obese groups showed smaller lumbar lordosis (19.4 ± 11.1 and 20.9 ± 11.8° respectively) and larger thoracic kyphosis values (42.7 ± 8.9 and 42.8 ± 9.4° respectively) compared with nonoverweight participants (25.1 ± 12.4 and 40.6 ± 9.2° for lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis respectively; allp< .05). However, when gender, age and weight status were take into account all together only gender seems to influence the lumbar lordosis curvature. The results of this study suggest that gender could be the only determinant factor of lumbar lordosis in healthy people.

scholarly journals Sagittal spine disposition and pelvic tilt during outdoor fitness equipment use and their associations with kinanthropometry proportions in middle-aged and older adults

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12657
Author(s):  
Tomás Abelleira-Lamela ◽  
Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal ◽  
Noelia González-Gálvez ◽  
Francisco Esparza-Ros ◽  
Alejandro Espeso-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Public Areas

Background Outdoor fitness training has become popular as a tool for improving the health, especially middle-aged and older adults. For this purpose, outdoor fitness equipment (OFE) have been installed in public areas. However, their safety and effectiveness are still unknown. The aim of the present research was to analyze the sagittal disposition of the spine and pelvic tilt during the use of OFE, and to determine the influence of anthropometric variables on these factors in middle-aged and older adults. Methods Seventy healthy volunteers, 56 women and 14 men (age: 63.14 ± 8.19 years) participated in the study. Sagittal spine disposition and pelvic tilt were measured using a Spinal Mouse®, in the relaxed standing position, and during the use of the OFE. In addition, kinanthropometry variables were also measured according to the guidelines of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Results Regarding thoracic kyphosis, a significant decrease was found in thoracic kyphosis in the initial position (IP) in single bonny rider (SBR) (p = 0.006) and row (p = 0.046), and a significant increase in the final position (FP) in the row (p = 0.011), surfboard (p < 0.001) and air walker (p = 0.027) machines. In relation to the lumbar curvature and pelvic tilt, a significant decrease in lumbar lordosis and a decrease in pelvic anteversion were observed in the IP and FP in SBR and row; and in the bike (p < 0.001) machine. In the surfboard machine, a significant decrease in lumbar lordosis was found (p = 0.002), with no changes in pelvic tilt. According to the multiple linear regression analysis, the subjects with a higher cormic index and height were more at risk of increasing their thoracic kyphosis, decreasing lumbar lordosis and/or decreasing pelvic anteversion towards pelvic retroversion. Conclusions Middle-aged and older adults show spinal misalignments when using the OFE with respect to the standing position, showing a decrease in the thoracic kyphosis in IP of SBR and ROW, and a significant increase in the surfboard and air walker, and in the FP of Row, in the lumbar lordosis in all the OFE in sitting and some in standing, and in the pelvic anteversion in all the OFE in sitting. The variables height and the cormic index explained most of the changes in sagittal spine disposition.

scholarly journals Reliability of the Flexible Ruler in Measuring Lumbar Lordosis among Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Reshma ◽  
Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen ◽  
Thangadurai Chinnakalai ◽  
Mohammad Suhail ◽  
Nasser M Al-Hussinan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Postural Alignment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Deep Point

Introduction: Postural alignment is commonly assessed, and the abnormal postures are associated with musculoskeletal disorders. There are different methods for screening spinal column anomalies. The flexible ruler provides a safe, portable, inexpensive and non-invasive way to measure the spinal curvature in clinical and larger population. Aim: To determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of flexible ruler in measuring lumbar lordosis among children. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 81 school children that fulfilled the criteria were recruited with age ranging from 9 to 15 years. Youdas method in standing position was adopted. By using flexible ruler, measurement was taken and without altering the shape of the lumbar curve it was traced in a graph sheet. By using straight ruler, line L and H were drawn by following deep point method. Lumbar lordosis angle was calculated by using the formula, θ=4Arctan 2H/L. Intra-rater reliability: Four measurements were taken by evaluator 1 with a gap of one minute between first two measurements and 3 minutes rest then other two measurements were taken with a gap of one minute between each. The average of first two and the last two measurements were considered as measurements 1 and 2. Inter rater reliability: Two measurements were taken by evaluator 2 by adapting the same procedure. The averages of two measurements were considered as measurement for evaluator 2. This value was correlated with the value of measurement 1 of evaluator 1. The data was analysed using Intra Class Correlation coefficient (ICC) test. Results: The results showed high intra-rater reliability (ICC-0.991; p<0.001) for lumbar lordosis angle by flexible ruler and poor inter-rater reliability (ICC-0.241; p=0.11) for lumbar lordosis angle by flexible ruler. Conclusion: The flexible ruler has shown only intra-rater reliability and additional studies are required to prove inter-rater reliability in measuring lumbar lordosis among children.

scholarly journals Trunk Posture Adaptations during Sitting on Dynamic Stool: A Validation Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7567
Author(s):  
Alessandro Picelli ◽  
Giuliano Mazzocco ◽  
Nicola Smania
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Trunk Posture ◽  
Dynamic Sitting

Back pain is a complex condition that results from multiple factors including sitting issues such as the chair type and spinal sitting posture. The physiological spinal curvature on the sagittal plane represents a typical feature of good body posture. Sitting postures matching the physiological shape of the spine on the sagittal plane during standing are deemed advantageous from a postural point of view. The aim of this study was to validate a novel dynamic stool by comparing trunk posture adaptations on the sagittal plane during dynamic sitting vs. conventional sitting (standard stool) in healthy people. In total, 100 healthy adults were included. Age, sex and body mass index were recorded. Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured with the IncliMed® goniometer during standing posture, conventional sitting posture (standard stool) and dynamic sitting posture (novel dynamic stool). Sitting posture was maintained for 2 min before evaluation. Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were significantly different between standing vs. sitting (dynamic and conventional) posture (p < 0.001) and between dynamic vs. conventional sitting posture (p < 0.001). Sitting on the novel dynamic stool tested in this study was shown to provide a greater match of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis with the physiological spinal curvature on the sagittal plane during standing than conventional sitting.

scholarly journals The Validity and Reliability of Kinovea Software in Measuring Thoracic Kyphosis and Lumbar Lordosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Ali Sharifnezhad ◽  
◽  
Gholam Reza Raissi ◽  
Bijan Forogh ◽  
Hosniyeh Soleymanzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cobb Method

Objectives: The present study evaluated the inter-rater and intra-rater validity and reliability of posturography by Kinovea software to measure the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. Methods: Eighteen subjects (10 females & 8 males) referring for radiographic imaging were included in this cross-sectional study. For evaluating the validity, the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured according to the Cobb method and Kinovea in standing position. The inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of Kinovea were tested by 3 evaluators and one expert evaluator, respectively. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient data suggested that the validity of measuring the thoracic kyphosis depends on the evaluator’s expertise. Besides, the correlation was not significant in measuring the lumbar lordosis angle (P>0.05). The inter-rater and intra-rater repeatability revealed that the correlation was significant in all angles by the intraclass correlation coefficient (P<0.001). Discussion: Posturography by Kinovea, as a noninvasive method presents an excellent inter-rater and intra-rater repeatability for measuring thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. This reliable method is simple, efficient, and inexpensive.

scholarly journals The EnergyKids Pilot Study: Comparing Energy Balance of Primary School Children during School and Summer Camp

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Cinzia Franchini ◽  
Alice Rosi ◽  
Cristian Ricci ◽  
Francesca Scazzina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Activity Tracker ◽  
School Time ◽  
Study Participants

Children’s energy requirements may vary during school and summer camp days. To evaluate energy balance during these two periods, seventy-eight children (45% females, 8–10 years) living in Parma, Italy, were enrolled in this observational study. Participants completed a 3-day food diary and wore an activity tracker for three consecutive days during a school- and a summer camp-week to estimate energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (TEE). Height and body weight were measured at the beginning of each period to define children’s weight status. BMI and EI (school: 1692 ± 265 kcal/day; summer camp: 1738 ± 262 kcal/day) were similar during both periods. Both physical activity and TEE (summer camp: 1948 ± 312; school: 1704 ± 263 kcal/day) were higher during summer camp compared to school time. Therefore, energy balance was more negative during summer camp (−209 ± 366 kcal/day) compared to school time (−12 ± 331 kcal/day). Similar results were observed when males and females were analyzed separately but, comparing the sexes, males had a higher TEE and a more negative energy balance than females, during both periods. The results strongly suggest that an accurate evaluation of children’s energy balance, that considers both diet and physical activity, is needed when planning adequate diets for different situations.

scholarly journals Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: sagital plane and low density pedicle screws

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Augusto do Amaral ◽  
Robert Meves ◽  
Maria Fernanda Silber Caffaro ◽  
Ricardo Shigueaki Galhego Umeta ◽  
Luciano Antônio Nassar Pelegrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Kyphosis Correction ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Analysis Of Dispersion

OBJECTIVE: To examine the sagittal curves of patients treated with CD instrumentation using exclusively pedicle screws. METHODS: Image analysis of medical records of 27 patients (26 M and 1 F) with a minimum follow-up of 6 months, who underwent surgical treatment in our service between January 2005 and December 2010. The curves were evaluated on coronal and sagittal planes, taking into account the potential correction of the technique. RESULTS: In the coronal plan the following curves were evaluated: proximal thoracic (TPx), main thoracic (TPp), and thoracolumbar; lumbar (TL, L), and the average flexibility was 52%, 52%, and 92% and the capacity of correction was 51%, 72%, and 64%, respectively. In the sagittal plane there was a mean increase in thoracic kyphosis (CT) of 41% and an average reduction of lumbar lordosis (LL) of 17%. Correlation analysis between variables showed Pearson coefficient of correlation of 0.053 and analysis of dispersion of R2 = <0.001. CONCLUSION: The method has shown satisfactory results with maintenance of kyphosis correction in patients with normal and hyper kyphotic deformities.

scholarly journals Normal Age-Adjusted Sagittal Spinal Alignment Is Achieved with Surgical Correction in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subaraman Ramchandran ◽  
Norah Foster ◽  
Akhila Sure ◽  
Thomas J. Errico ◽  
Aaron J. Buckland
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Sagittal Alignment ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Sagittal Vertical Axis

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>Retrospective analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Our hypothesis is that the surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) maintains normal sagittal alignment as compared to age-matched normative adolescent population.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>Sagittal spino-pelvic alignment in AIS has been reported, however, whether corrective spinal fusion surgery re-establishes normal alignment remains unverified.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Sagittal profiles and spino-pelvic parameters of thirty-eight postsurgical correction AIS patients ≤21 years old without prior fusion from a single institution database were compared to previously published normative age-matched data. Coronal and sagittal measurements including structural coronal Cobb angle, pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sagittal vertical axis, C2–C7 cervical lordosis, C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis, and T1 pelvic angles were measured on standing full-body stereoradiographs using validated software to compare preoperative and 6 months postoperative changes with previously published adolescent norms. A sub-group analysis of patients with type 1 Lenke curves was performed comparing preoperative to postoperative alignment and also comparing this with previously published normative values.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The mean coronal curve of the 38 AIS patients (mean age, 16±2.2 years; 76.3% female) was corrected from 53.6° to 9.6° (80.9%, <italic>p</italic>&lt;0.01). None of the thoracic and spino-pelvic sagittal parameters changed significantly after surgery in previously hypo- and normo-kyphotic patients. In hyper-kyphotic patients, thoracic kyphosis decreased (<italic>p</italic>=0.003) with a reciprocal decrease in lumbar lordosis (<italic>p</italic>=0.01), thus lowering pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch mismatch (<italic>p</italic>=0.009). Structural thoracic scoliosis patients had slightly more thoracic kyphosis than age-matched patients at baseline and surgical correction of the coronal plane of their scoliosis preserved normal sagittal alignment postoperatively. A sub-analysis of Lenke curve type 1 patients (n=24) demonstrated no statistically significant changes in the sagittal alignment postoperatively despite adequate coronal correction.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Surgical correction of the coronal plane in AIS patients preserves sagittal and spino-pelvic alignment as compared to age-matched asymptomatic adolescents.</p></sec>

scholarly journals Posterior-Only Approach with Pedicle Screws for the Correction of Scheuermann's Kyphosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adem Cobden ◽  
Akif Albayrak ◽  
Yalkin Camurcu ◽  
Hakan Sofu ◽  
Temel Tacal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Sacral Slope ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Radiological Results ◽  
Lower Complication ◽  
Clinical And Radiological Results

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>Retrospective study (level of evidence: level 3).</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of the posterior-only approach with pedicle screws for the treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis (SK).</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>The correction of SK with instrumentation can be performed using posterior-only or combined anterior-posterior procedures. With the use of all-pedicle screw constructs in spine surgery, the posterior-only approach has become a popular option for the definitive treatment of SK. In a nationwide study involving 2,796 patients, a trend toward posterior-only fusion with lower complication rates was reported.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who underwent posterior-only correction for SK between January 2005 and May 2013. Patients with a definite diagnosis of SK who fulfilled the minimum follow-up criterion of 24 months were included. The thoracic kyphosis (T5–T12), lumbar lordosis (L1–S1), and thoracolumbar junction (T10–L2) angles were measured from preoperative, postoperative, and last control radiographs. Sagittal balance, thoracic length, thoracic diameter, Voutsinas index and the sacral slope, pelvic tilt, proximal junction kyphosis, and distal junction kyphosis angles were also measured.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Forty-five patients underwent surgery for the treatment of SK between 2005 and 2013. After applying the exclusion criteria, 20 patients (18 males and 2 females) with a mean age of 19 years were included. The mean thoracic kyphosis angle was 79.8 degrees preoperatively, 44.6 degrees postoperatively, and 44.9 degrees at the last control. There were statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative values in the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles, thoracic length, thoracic diameter, and Voutsinas index (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The clinical and radiological results of the current study suggest that posterior-only fusion is an efficient technique for the treatment of SK.</p></sec>

scholarly journals Sagittal spinal morphotype assessment in 8 to 15 years old Inline Hockey players

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Sainz de Baranda ◽  
Antonio Cejudo ◽  
Victor Jesus Moreno-Alcaraz ◽  
Maria Teresa Martinez-Romero ◽  
Alba Aparicio-Sarmiento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Lumbar Curve ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Spinal Curvatures ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Thoracic Hyperkyphosis ◽  
And Performance

Background Physiological sagittal spinal curvatures play an important role in health and performance in sports. For that reason, several scientific studies have assessed spinal morphology in young athletes. However, to our knowledge, no study has assessed the implications of Inline Hockey (IH) practice on sagittal integrative spinal morphotype in adolescent players. Objectives The aims of the present study were to describe habitual sagittal spinal posture in young federated IH players and its relationship with training load and to determine the sagittal integrative spinal morphotype in these players. Methods An observational analysis was developed to describe the sagittal spinal morphotype in young federated IH players. A total of 74 IH players from the Technification Plan organized by the Skating Federation of the Valencian Community (aged from 8 to 15 years) participated in the study. Thoracic and lumbar curvatures of the spine were measured in a relaxed standing position (SP), in a slump sitting position (SSP) and in maximum flexion of the trunk (MFT) to determine the “Sagittal Integrative Morphotype” of all players. An unilevel inclinometer was used to quantify the sagittal spinal curvatures. The Hip Joint Angle test was used to quantify the Lumbo-Horizontal angle in flexion (L-H fx) of all participants with a goniometer. Results When thoracic curvature was analyzed according to normality references, it was found that 64.9% of IH players had thoracic hyperkyphosis in a SSP, while 60.8% and 74.3% of players were classified as normal in a SP and in MFT, respectively. As for the lumbar curve, 89.2% in a SP and 55.4% in MFT were normal, whereas 68.9% of IH players presented lumbar hyperkyphosis in a SSP. Regarding the “Sagittal Integrative Morphotype,” only 17.6% of players were classified as “Normal” in the three measured positions for the thoracic curve, while 37.8% had “Thoracic Hyperkyphosis” and 41.8% presented “Functional Thoracic Hyperkyphosis.” As for the “Sagittal Integrative Lumbar Morphotype,” only 23% of athletes had a normal curve in the three positions, whereas 66.2% presented “Functional Lumbar Hyperkyphosis.” When the L-H fx was evaluated, the results showed that only 16.2% of the athletes were classified as normal. Conclusions Federative IH practice seems to cause specific adaptations in spinal sagittal morphotype. Taking into account the “Sagittal Integrative Morphotype” only 17.6% IH players presented “Normal Morphotype” with a normal thoracic kyphosis in the three measured positions, while only 23% IH players presented “Normal Morphotype” with a normal lumbar curvature in the three assessed positions. Furthermore, only 16.2% of IH players showed normal pelvic tilt. Exercise programs to prevent or rehabilitate these imbalances in young IH players are needed.

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