Explaining Performance in Elite Middle-Aged Runners: Contributions from Age and from Ongoing and Past Training Factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley W. Young ◽  
Nikola Medic ◽  
Patricia L. Weir ◽  
Janet L. Starkes
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Unique Variance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Selective Maintenance ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
And Training

Researchers have contended that patterns of age-related decline are not necessarily due to age, but rather to disuse, or declining practice (Bortz, 1982; Ericsson, 2000; Maharam, Bauman, Kalman, Skolnik, & Perle, 1999). A regression approach was used to examine age and training variables as predictors of 10-km running performance between 40 and 59 years of age. A sample of 30 Masters runners (M age = 50.1 years, M 10-km time = 39:19) reported data for ongoing training, cumulative running in the past 5 years, and cumulative running earlier in a career. In Analysis 1, ongoing training variables explained more variance in performance than age alone, and reduced the unique variance attributable to age in a combined model. In Analysis 2, findings were replicated using past cumulative running variables and age; running in the past 5 years explained more unique variance than age alone. Discussion focuses on how findings relate to the selective maintenance account (Krampe & Ericsson, 1996), how various aspects of training help to preserve performance in aging populations, and recommendations for future research.

Towards understanding the nurse/research interaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Shahtahmasebi ◽  
Nancy McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nurse Research ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
And Training

Abstract There is a lack of clarity in the literature about what nursing research is or ought to be. There are ample guidelines and texts on how to do nursing research and on syllabus development and countless arguments on why nursing research is synonymous with qualitative approach. This suggests concerns within the profession that nursing research has been developing in a direction of its own that could have had very little influence on health care policy development. Some claim the opposite that nursing practice, in particular in North America, has been evidence-based for the past three decades. In this context, evidence-based is often interpreted as taking part in randomised clinical trials. In this paper, we use historical observations to identify areas of interest which include all issues related to education and training, expertise and working environment for future research.

scholarly journals Posing the million dollar question: What happens after graduation?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J. Head
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Academic Librarians ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
And Training ◽  
Literacy Research

This paper reflects on the increase of information literacy research about the workplace and lifelong learning during the past 10 years. Librarians have long held that lifelong learning is the goal of information literacy instruction and training, but until the last decade, there has been a paucity of research about the information-seeking behaviour of students after they graduate. The origins and drivers of this shift in the research agenda are examined, drawing on US research studies by Project Information Literacy (PIL), and related research from around the world. Key takeaways from this body of work are discussed in addition to the implications findings have for academic librarians teaching and working with university students. Directions for future research are identified and discussed.

scholarly journals Situation model updating in young and older adults

2019 ◽  
pp. 016502541987412
Author(s):  
Lara Hoeben Mannaert ◽  
Katinka Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Situation Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Situation Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Related

Over the past decade or so, developments in language comprehension research in the domain of cognitive aging have converged on support for resilience in older adults with regard to situation model updating when reading texts. Several studies have shown that even though age-related declines in language comprehension appear at the level of the surface form and text base of the text, these age differences do not apply to the creation and updating of situation models. In fact, older adults seem more sensitive to certain manipulations of situation model updating. This article presents a review of theories on situation model updating as well how they match with research on situation model updating in younger and older adults. Factors that may be responsible for the resilience of language comprehension in older age will be discussed as well as avenues for future research.

Evaluation of Simulation Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-180
Author(s):  
Susan Prion ◽  
Katie Anne Haerling
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Simulation Evaluation ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
And Training ◽  
Initial Focus

Simulation has been used in nursing education and training since Florence Nightingale's era. Over the past 20 years, simulation learning experiences (SLEs) have been used with increasing frequently to educate healthcare professionals, develop and increase the expertise of practicing professionals, and gain competency in key interprofessional skills. This chapter provides a brief overview of simulation evaluation history, beginning in the late 1990s, and the initial focus on learner self-report data. Using Kirkpatrick's Levels of Evaluation as an organizing model, four types of SLE evaluation are reviewed as well as suggestions for future research.

A Teams Perspective on Workplace Aging and Retirement

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-214
Author(s):  
Eduardo Salas ◽  
Jensine Paoletti
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Training ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Team Cognition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organizational Interventions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Work Structure

Abstract During the past decades, population aging, later retirements, and a shift to team-based work have left organizations with challenges associated with age-diverse teams and retirement from a team-based work structure. However, limited research has investigated the interplays between teams, aging, and retirement. Here, we overview the research at the intersection on aging and teams and discuss how aging is often a proxy for variables of organizational interest. Next, we outline the challenges associated with age-related faultlines and age discrimination. We then highlight areas for future research, such as team cognition and compositional changes associated with teammate retirement. Lastly, we discuss inclusive diversity training and bidirectional mentorships as potential organizational interventions for more cohesive age-diverse teams.

The History of Human Factors in Healthcare: From Its Emergence 50 Years Ago to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Salim A. Mouloua ◽  
Rachel V. Ball ◽  
James C. Ferraro ◽  
Mustapha Mouloua
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Training

Advances in medical technologies and training have been met by universal challenges in safety, efficiency, and effectiveness. The drastic growth and variegation of Healthcare as a field demands greater optimization of medical resources by Human Factors professionals. This study aimed to qualitatively evaluate the entire field of Medical Human Factors since its inception, comprising 1,251 articles across two discipline-specific conferences through keywords related to Healthcare. We analyzed trends in the Human Factors and Ergonomics Proceedings (HFES) from 1974 to 2020 and in the Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors in Health Care (HCS) from 2013 to 2020. Results were tabulated, analyzed, and graphed based on their authorial affiliations, funding agencies, countries of research, as well as general content areas and more specific domains over time. Our analyses indicated that Healthcare research has grown exponentially in the past five decades, with 75% of relevant proceedings papers produced since 2010. Gaps in Healthcare literature, directions for future research, and emerging issues related to technologies and training are discussed as well.

Relative Importance of Leader Influences for Subordinates’ Proactive Behaviors, Prosocial Behaviors, and Task Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan S. Chiaburu ◽  
Troy A. Smith ◽  
Jiexin Wang ◽  
Ryan D. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Transformational Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contingent Reward ◽  
Work Effectiveness ◽  
Leader Influence ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Proactive Behaviors ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Transactional Leader

We meta-analytically examine the relationships between three forms of leader influence, contingent reward (transactional), leader-member exchange (LMX; relational), and transformational (change-oriented) on subordinates’ proactive behaviors. Using non-self-reported data from a combined sample of more than 9,000 employees, we confirm positive relationships between leader influences and employee proactive outcomes. We examine the extent to which one leadership influence is stronger than the others in promoting subordinate proactivity. By combining our new meta-analytic data with existing meta-analytic correlations, we further investigate the extent to which various leadership predictors are differentially related to proactive and prosocial contextual performance, and to task performance. For all outcomes, there are only minimal differences between the contingent reward, LMX, and transformational leadership predictors. Using our results, we propose future research directions for the relationship between leader influences and subordinate work effectiveness.

Age-related and training-induced changes in morphological characteristics of young elite male soccer players

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Androulakis ◽  
Nikolaos Koundourakis ◽  
Christos Tsiakiris ◽  
George Notas
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Training

Neurocognitive Bases of Crossmodal Integration Deficit in Dyslexia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gullick ◽  
James R. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Reading Interventions ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Crossmodal Integration ◽  
Phonological Deficits ◽  
And Training

Crossmodal integration is a critical component of successful reading, and yet it has been less studied than reading’s unimodal subskills. Proficiency with the sounds of a language (i.e., the phonemes) and with the visual representations of these sounds (graphemes) are both important and necessary precursors for reading, but the formation of a stable integrated representation that combines and links these aspects, and subsequent fluent and automatic access to this crossmodal representation, is unique to reading and is required for its success. Indeed, individuals with specific difficulties in reading, as in dyslexia, demonstrate impairments not only in phonology and orthography but also in integration. Impairments in only crossmodal integration could result in disordered reading via disrupted formation of or access to phoneme–grapheme associations. Alternately, the phonological deficits noted in many individuals with dyslexia may lead to reading difficulties via issues with integration: children who cannot consistently identify and manipulate the sounds of their language will also have trouble matching these sounds to their visual representations, resulting in the manifested deficiencies. We here discuss the importance of crossmodal integration in reading, both generally and as a potential specific causal deficit in the case of dyslexia. We examine the behavioral, functional, and structural neural evidence for a crossmodal, as compared to unimodal, processing issue in individuals with dyslexia in comparison to typically developing controls. We then present an initial review of work using crossmodal- versus unimodal-based reading interventions and training programs aimed at the amelioration of reading difficulties. Finally, we present some remaining questions reflecting potential areas for future research into this topic.

Old-growth forest reserves in Slovenia: the past, present, and future

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Nagel ◽  
Jurij Diaci ◽  
Dusan Rozenbergar ◽  
Tihomir Rugani ◽  
Dejan Firm
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
The Past ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Old-growth forest reserves in Slovenia: the past, present, and future Slovenia has a small number of old-growth forest remnants, as well as many forest reserves approaching old-growth conditions. In this paper, we describe some of the basic characteristics of these old-growth remnants and the history of their protection in Slovenia. We then trace the long-term development of research in these old-growth remnants, with a focus on methodological changes. We also review some of the recent findings from old-growth research in Slovenia and discuss future research needs. The conceptual understanding of how these forests work has slowly evolved, from thinking of them in terms of stable systems to more dynamic and unpredictable ones due to the influence of natural disturbances and indirect human influences. In accordance with this thinking, the methods used to study old-growth forests have changed from descriptions of stand structure to studies that address natural processes and ecosystem functions.

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