The Effects of Sport Experience in the Development of Social Character: An Exploratory Investigation

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Kleiber ◽  
Glyn G. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
Exploratory Investigation

The word “character” has generally lost its currency in the literature on personality and social psychology over the last 20 years. And yet the assumption that sport builds character is still held, at least privately, by a great many people. This investigation was an attempt to reconsider the “character” construct, to isolate its social elements, and to establish its susceptibility in childhood to the influence of organized sport experience. Using prosocial behavior as one manifestation of evolved social character, the influence or organized sport was assessed in a field experiment with children from two elementary schools. Although the general assumption that “sport builds character” was not strongly supported or refuted in this investigation, some evidence, at least with males, showed that prosocial behavior may be inhibited by sport experience. Finally, implications were drawn for facilitating prosocial behavior in children's sports.

Dynamics of Pakhtun Social Structure: Implications for Economic Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-42
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
United States ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protestant Work Ethic ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Capitalist Economy ◽  
The Social

Every region and people has peculiar economic characteristics and these features largely have roots in that region‟s social structure, social psychology and its dynamics. The capitalist economy of the United States has roots in individualismand Protestant Work Ethic, influenced both by Protestant religion and the social character of the Americans; the Client Economy of Saudi Arabia has deep linkages to its tribal social structure and the so-called Bazaar Economy of Afghanistan is profoundly embedded in the Pakhtun social structure of the country. The Pakhtuns of Pakistan have a peculiar social structure and social psychology thereof having profound and extensive influence on the region‟s economy particularly its largely underdevelopedcondition. The paper explores the characteristics of Pakhtun social structure and the interactive linkages between the social edifice and economic development or lack of it.

scholarly journals Announcements of Support and Public Good Provision

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 3760-3787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judd B. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Public Good Provision ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Good Provision

Providing information about contributions to public goods is known to generate further contributions. However, it is often impossible to provide verifiable information on contributions. Through a large-scale field experiment and a series of laboratory experiments, I show that nonbinding announcements of support for a public good encourage others to contribute, even when actual contributions might not or cannot be made. Providing a way to easily announce support for a charity increases donations by $865 per workplace fundraising campaign (or 16 percent of average giving). I discuss implications for understanding prosocial behavior and for organizations aiming to increase contributions to public goods. (JEL C93, D64, D83, H41, L31)

The Social Psychology of Prosocial Behavior

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Dovidio ◽  
Jane Allyn Piliavin ◽  
David A. Schroeder ◽  
Louis A. Penner
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for schoolchildren and its effects on their prosocial behavior and knowledge: Mixed methods research design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanela Pivač ◽  
Primož Gradišek ◽  
Brigita Skela-Savič
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Resuscitation Training

Abstract Background: The benefits of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for schoolchildren are well known, but the appropriate age for introducing training is still being discussed. This is a very important issue, since out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a major public health concern. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of implemented cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on the knowledge and prosocial behavior of children in the last three grades of Slovenian elementary schools, and to identify the experience of training instructors. Methods: A mixed methods research design was employed, using a cohort study with testing before and after training, and focus groups. Research was conducted in 15 Slovenian elementary schools offering cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Focus groups included training instructors and developers. Data was collected with a structured questionnaire from April to June 2018 and analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. The three focus groups were convened in September and October 2018. Content analysis of the discussion transcriptions was conducted. The sample included 764 schoolchildren aged 12.5–14.5 years before cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and 566 schoolchildren after training. Three non-homogeneous focus groups included eight cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructors. Results: Significant progress in knowledge was noted after training implementation, with the greatest progress seen in the youngest age group (mean age 12.5). Male gender increased the level of self-confidence (β=0.114; p=0.007). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge influenced helping behavior (β=0.111; p=0.008), while internal motivation to help others was influenced by age (β=0.116; p=0.006) and level of knowledge (β=0.111; p=0.008). Analysis of the focus groups yielded two themes: (a) the effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on schoolchildren, and (b) the systemic responsibility of the school system and professional bodies. Conclusions: Significant progress in schoolchildren’s cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge after training was established. Early introduction of training is recommended. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge influences the development of schoolchildren’s prosocial behavior, as it raises awareness of the responsibility to help others and increases self-confidence to provide bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We can conclude that early Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for children is crucial. It should be a mandatory part of school curricula in those countries where Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not yet mandatory.

scholarly journals Developing Students’ Prosocial Behavior Through Collaborative Teamwork Teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 381-391
Author(s):  
Asrori Muhammad ◽  
Chairil Effendy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Living Situation

Developing students’ prosocial behavior is a very important program in the living situation that increasingly complicated, individualistic, and hedonistic. It is important because prosocial behavior refers to voluntary actions that intended to help or benefit another individual or group of individuals. The present study was designed to examine the effectiveness of a collaborative teamwork teaching to develop the prosocial behavior of elementary school students. It was an experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design. The experiment was carried out in three elementary schools. They were Islamic Al-Azhar Elementary School (SD Islam Al-Azhar), State Elementary School 34 (SD Negeri 34), and Muhammadiyah Elementary School (SD Muhammadiyah) Pontianak. There were four aspects of the students’ prosocial behavior to develop. These aspects were sharing, helping, cooperating, and caring. The results of the study showed that the collaborative teamwork teaching was effective to develop the prosocial behavior of students in three elementary schools. All of the investigated aspects got improved. They were categorized “high”, except the aspect of caring. It was classified as “medium”.

Religious identity, between-group effects and prosocial behavior: Evidence from a field experiment in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 101665
Author(s):  
Weiwei Xia ◽  
Xiaohan Guo ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
Hang Ye ◽  
Yefeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Group Effects

scholarly journals Stylized and photographic eye images do not increase charitable donations in a field experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Paul Lennon ◽  
Rachel Grant ◽  
V. Tamara Montrose
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Shape Control ◽  
Geometric Shape ◽  
Charitable Donations ◽  
Evil Eye ◽  
Honor System ◽  
Eye Imagery ◽  
Eye Of Horus

The effects of watching eyes upon prosocial behavior have been explored in various contexts, for example, in relation to charitable donations, honor-system payments and littering. Whilst studies have explored the effects of both photographic and stylized eyes upon prosocial behavior, no study, to our knowledge, has compared stylized eyes to photographic eyes. Here we explored the effects of stylized and photographic eye images upon prosocial behavior assessed via charitable donations in a ‘free cakes’ field experiment. Charitable giving was assessed under six eye image conditions, three stylized eye images (evil eye, eye of Horus, all-seeing eye), one photographic eye image (human eye image) and two control images (geometric shape control and blank control). No difference in the amount of money donated was found between any of the eye image conditions. These results suggest that watching eyes, whether stylized or photographic, are not effective at eliciting prosocial behavior via charitable giving. However, further study contrasting single and paired eye imagery, and exploration of the effects of stylized eye imagery in deterring littering and crime, would be beneficial.

scholarly journals Interpersonal Musical Synchronization and Prosocial Behavior in Children: No Effects in a Controlled Field Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Baier ◽  
Clemens Wöllner ◽  
Anna Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Asynchronous Control ◽  
Synchronization Effect ◽  
Motor Interaction ◽  
Musical Activities

Prosocial effects of music have recently attracted increased attention in research and media. An often-cited experiment, carried out by Kirschner and Tomasello in 2010 under laboratory conditions, found that children at the age of four years were more willing to help each other after they had engaged in synchronous musical activities. The aim of the current study was to replicate this research under controlled field conditions in the children's social environment, and to disentangle the musical synchronization effect by introducing a verbal interaction (singing together) and a motor interaction (tapping together) task, contrasted by an asynchronous control condition. In a between-participants design, no effects of musical synchronization nor the children's gender were found. Furthermore, age was not related to prosocial behavior. Explanations are systematically discussed, yet it remains possible that the original effect found in 2010 might be overestimated and less consistently reproducible as previously assumed.

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