scholarly journals Rehabilitation Utilizing Controlled Aerobic Activity in Patients With a Concussion: A Critically Appraised Topic

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janelle Prince ◽  
Eric Schussler ◽  
Ryan McCann
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Symptom Changes ◽  
The Brain

Clinical Scenario: A sport-related concussion is a common injury to the brain that may cause a variety of symptoms ranging in duration and severity. The mainstay of treatment for concussion has been rest, followed by a stepwise return to activity. This recovery process may be lengthy when symptoms persist. Aerobic exercise conducted at subsymptom and submaximal intensities has been proposed as a potential intervention for symptoms following a concussion. Therefore, the purpose of this critically appraised topic is to examine the safety of varying aerobic exercise intensities in patients with a concussion. Focused Clinical Question: Are subsymptom and submaximal exercise programs safe when implemented in a population with a symptomatic sports-related concussion when compared with traditional rest? Summary of Key Findings: Four randomized controlled trials were included for critical appraisal. The 4 studies investigated supervised and controlled aerobic exercise as early as within 1 week of with a concussion; all studies conclude that exercise is safe and may be of benefit to individuals with a concussion. Two studies support the use of submaximal exercise as a therapeutic intervention for adolescents with persistent concussion symptoms. Clinical Bottom Line: The authors conclude that controlled exercise performed within the symptom or exertion threshold of patients with concussion is safe compared with rest. It was noted that symptom changes may occur; however, the changes did not have a negative impact on long-term recovery. This research should ease concerns about prescribing physical activity when an athlete with concussion is still experiencing lingering symptoms. While specific parameters of the activity performed have not been described in detail, the individualization of each exercise program was stressed. Strength of Recommendation: Grade A.

scholarly journals The Role of Dietary Antioxidants in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Their Impact on Cerebral Oxidoreductive Balance

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Winiarska-Mieczan ◽  
Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik ◽  
Małgorzata Kwiecień ◽  
Eugeniusz R. Grela ◽  
Dominik Szwajgier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Diet Supplements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
All Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive diseases of the nervous system that lead to neuron loss or functional disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases require long-term, sometimes life-long pharmacological treatment, which increases the risk of adverse effects and a negative impact of pharmaceuticals on the patients’ general condition. One of the main problems related to the treatment of this type of condition is the limited ability to deliver drugs to the brain due to their poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the effects of the blood-brain barrier. Given the above, one of the main objectives of contemporary scientific research focuses on the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. As disorders related to the competence of the antioxidative system are a marker in all diseases of this type, the primary prophylactics should entail the use of exogenous antioxidants, particularly ones that can be used over extended periods, regardless of the patient’s age, and that are easily available, e.g., as part of a diet or as diet supplements. The paper analyzes the significance of the oxidoreductive balance in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Based on information published globally in the last 10 years, an analysis is also provided with regard to the impact of exogenous antioxidants on brain functions with respect to the prevention of this type of diseases.

Aerobic Exercise Training and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Boileau ◽  
Edward McAuley ◽  
Demetra Demetriou ◽  
Naveen K. Devabhaktuni ◽  
Gregory L. Dykstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After

A trial was conducted to examine the effect of moderate aerobic exercise training (AET) on cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness. Previously sedentary participants, age 60-75 years, were randomly assigned to either AET treatment or a control group for 6 months. The AET consisted of walking for 40 min three times/week at an intensity that elevated heart rate to 65% of maximum heart rate reserve. The control group performed a supervised stretching program for 40 min three times/week. CR fitness was assessed before and after the treatments during a grade-incremented treadmill walking test. Both absolute and relative peak V̇O2 significantly increased (p < .01) in the AET group, whereas they decreased modestly in the control group. Maximum treadmill time increased significantly (p < .01) in the AET group relative to the control group. These results indicate that CR fitness as measured by peak V̇O2 modestly improves in the elderly with a moderate-intensity, relatively long-term aerobic exercise program.

scholarly journals Harapan Klien Napza Selama Menjalani Proses Pemulihan Ketergantungan Jangka Panjang

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Rizqi Wahyu Hidayati ◽  
Indah Winarni ◽  
Septi Dewi Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Phenomenological Design

Penyalahgunaan NAPZA telah menjadi masalah global, termasuk Indonesia, khususnya Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta merupakan propinsi dengan prevalensi tertinggi yang menyalahgunakan narkoba di kalangan pelajar dan mahasiswa di Indonesia, dengan angka 2,8 (untuk pemakai aktif) dan 6,6 (yang pernah pakai). Penggunaan tersebut memiliki dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Sehingga dibutuhkan pemulihan untuk mengembalikan fungsi dan peran individu. Selama menjalani proses pemulihan, mereka memiliki harapan untuk kehidupannya. Maka, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui harapan klien selamamenjalani proses pemulihanketergantungan NAPZA. Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menggambarkan secara holistik mengenai harapanklien NAPZAselamamenjalani proses pemulihanjangkapanjang, sehingga metode yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif dengan design fenomenologi intepretatif. Partisipan yang diambil yaitu klien yang sudah keluar dari Panti Rehabilitasi Kunci Yogyakarta Sleman minimal 6 bulan (menjalanipemulihanjangkapanjang).Berdasarkan hasil analisis dari fenomenologi intepretatif terhadap 9 partisipan didapatkan hasil tema yaitu sebagai berikut: (1) Mempertahankan diri dari ego dan lingkungan yang menjerumuskan; (2) Difasilitasi menjadi mandiri untuk bangkit dari keterpurukan; dan (3) Mendapat kepercayaan dan cinta kasih secara utuh. Kata kunci: harapan, pemulihan, NAPZA HOPE CLIENTS OF NAPZA DURING A LONG TERM RELIABLE RESTORATION RECOVERY PROCESS ABSTRACTDrug abuse has become a global problem, including Indonesia, especially Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta is the province with the highest prevalence of drug abuse among students in Indonesia, with 2.8 (for active users) and 6.6 (who have used it). These uses have a negative impact on health both physically and psychologically. So that recovery is needed to restore individual functions and roles. During the recovery process, they have hope for their lives. Therefore, this study aims to determine the client's expectations during the recovery process of drug addiction. This research is expected to be able to describe holistically about the expectations of NAPZA clients during a long recovery process, so that the method used is qualitative with interpretative phenomenological design. Participants taken were clients who had left the Yogyakarta Sleman Key Rehabilitation Institution for at least 6 months (undergoing long-term recovery). (2) Facilitated to be independent to rise from adversity; and (3) Gaining complete trust and love. Keywords: hope, recovery, drug 

scholarly journals Long-term psychological recovery process and its associated factors among survivors of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Japan: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e030250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eizaburo Tanaka ◽  
Honami Tennichi ◽  
Satomi Kameoka ◽  
Hiroshi Kato
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Psychological Recovery

ObjectivesThe 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake had an enormous negative impact on survivors’ health. Many survivors experienced psychological distress and their long-term psychological recovery process remains unclear. Our objective was thus to explore this long-term psychological recovery process.DesignQualitative study.SettingFrom January to December 2015, face-to-face interviews were conducted in Kobe, Japan.Participants20 affected survivors (55% female; ages ranged from 7 to 60 at the time of the disaster)—10 volunteer storytellers, six first responders (firefighters/public health nurses) and four post-traumatic stress disorder patients.Outcome measuresWe asked participants about their experiences and psychological distress relating to the earthquake and what facilitated or hindered their psychological recovery. We analysed interview data using constructivist grounded theory.ResultsParticipants experienced diverse emotional reactions immediately after the disaster and often hyperfocused on what they should do now. This hyperfocused state led to both mental and physical health problems several months after the disaster. Months, and sometimes years, after the disaster, guilt and earthquake narratives (ie, expressing thoughts and feelings about the earthquake) played key roles in survivors’ psychological recovery: guilt suppressed their earthquake narrative; conversely, the narrative alleviated feelings of distress about the earthquake. In time, participants reconsidered their earthquake experiences both alone and through social interaction. This alleviated their emotional reactions; however, participants still experienced attenuated emotional reactions, and some hid their feelings of distress even 20 years postdisaster. Interpersonal relationships modified this psychological process both positively and negatively.ConclusionsFuture psychosocial support plans for disaster survivors may need to (1) include both mental and physical care in the transition from the acute phase to the recovery phase; (2) facilitate supportive interpersonal relationships for survivors during the mid-term recovery phase and (3) provide long-term psychological support to the most traumatised survivors, even if they appear to be functioning normally.

scholarly journals PO-113 Long-term Various Load Training Effects on Free Radical Metabolism in the Brain of Aging Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuilan Wei ◽  
Xue Li
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Swimming Exercise ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Free Radical Metabolism

Objective To investigate the effects of long-term various load aerobic exercise on the free radical metabolism of the brain in aging mice through the establishment of different swimming exercise models.  Methods sixty 3-month-old male Kunming mice were randomly and equally divided into five groups, which were the control group (group C), 10 minute exercise group (group E1), 30 minute exercise group (group E2), 60 minute exercise group (group E3), and 90 minute exercise group (group E4). Group C had regular feeding during the natural aging time in 8 months without any exercise intervention. All other exercise groups performed different load swimming exercise (from 10 to 90 minutes as mentioned above) during the same 8 month period. All subjects were decapitated after exercise on the last day of the 8th month; and the brain tissues were harvested as samples. The malondialdehyde (MDA) amount was measured by the Thiobarbituric Acid method, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity level was measured with Xanthine Oxidase method. Results  group E3 demonstrated significantly higher SOD activity level and lower MDA amount than the other groups. Conclusions  Long-term, medium-load aerobic exercise had greatly impacted the metabolism of free radicals in the brain of the mouse, evidenced by increased SOD activity level and decreased MDA production. These effects may indicate that this exercise model may be beneficial in slowing down brain aging by eliminating free radicals and improving brain anti-oxidation ability.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effectiveness of Trigger Point Dry Needling and Exercise for Individuals With Shoulder Pain: A Critically Appraised Topic

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kyle Matsel ◽  
Claire Davies ◽  
Tim Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Therapeutic Exercise ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Twitch Response

Clinical Scenario: Shoulder pain is a very common symptom encountered in outpatient physical therapy practice. In addition to therapeutic exercise and manual therapy interventions, trigger point dry needling (TDN) has emerged as a possible treatment option for reducing shoulder pain and improving function. Dry needling consists of inserting a thin stainless-steel filament into a myofascial trigger point with the intention of eliciting a local twitch response of the muscle. It is theorized that this twitch response results in reduced muscle tension and can aid in reduced pain and disability. To this point, multiple studies have found TDN to be effective at reducing pain and improving function in the short-term, but the long-term outcomes remain unknown. Clinical Question: Does the addition of TDN to an exercise program result in better long-term pain intensity and disability reduction in patients with shoulder pain? Summary of Findings: Improvement in long-term pain and function can be expected regardless of the addition of TDN to an evidence-based exercise program for patients with shoulder pain. Clinical Bottom Line: Either TDN or an evidence-based therapeutic exercise program elicits improved long-term pain and disability reduction in patients with shoulder pain, which suggests that clinicians can confidently use either approach with their patients. Strength of Recommendation: Strong evidence (level 2 evidence with PEDro scores >8/10) suggesting that TDN does not outperform therapeutic exercise regarding long-term pain reduction.

The Best Time to Start Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review of the Evidence in ResourceAdequate and Resource Constrained Settings

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Mweshi ◽  
◽  
Hastings K. Shula ◽  
Loveness A. Nkhata ◽  
Brian Chiluba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Early Mobilization ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Early Rehabilitation ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Background: Stroke is a global health problem and one of the major causes of death, disability and impairment among adults worldwide. Post-stroke outcomes vary widely, between and within world regions depending on a range of factors including demographic profile, stroke type, severity and immediate and long-term post stroke care. It has been reported that early initiation of rehabilitation following stroke promotes better long-term outcomes than delayed rehabilitation, although this has been disputed by some researchers in the AVERT (A very early rehabilitation trial) study. Purpose of Review: To evaluate the best time to start stroke rehabilitation with good outcomes Results of the Review: There is limited evidence to show that later rehabilitation is better than early rehabilitation. It also remains unclear whether early mobilization is more effective than mobilization at a later stage, due to insufficient statistical power of the studies that have examined this practice because clinicians around the world are practicing this model to this day. Furthermore, some trial limitations of the AVERT study in line with the uncertainty of the external validity of the results, make generalizability something to be concerned about. Conclusion: The best time to start stroke rehabilitation is as soon as the patient is clinically stable i.e; as early as possible. The results of the poor outcomes of the AVERT study in providing evidence of the impact of early stroke rehabilitation, should not be interpreted as proof of the ineffectiveness of early physical rehabilitation. Every stroke is different from one person to another because the impact of the damage to the brain is associated with the different functions of several parts of the brain making generalizability quite difficult. Therefore, in the absence of provision of high quality evidence, clinicians like physiotherapists should base their decisions on clinical experience, individual circumstances and patient preferences as appropriate. It is extremely important to develop evidence-based practice protocols that can guide clinical practice on the best time to start stroke rehabilitation and also enhancing plasticity and reducing the negative impact of stroke through pharmacotherapy, especially for

The Acute Effect of Alcohol on Various Memory Processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár ◽  
Roland Boha ◽  
Balázs Czigler ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Legal Consequences

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.

Moving past the vaccine/autism controversy - to examine potential vaccine neurological harms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Peter R. Breggin
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Disorders ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Vaccines

BACKGROUND: The vaccine/autism controversy has caused vast scientific and public confusion, and it has set back research and education into genuine vaccine-induced neurological disorders. The great strawman of autism has been so emphasized by the vaccine industry that it, and it alone, often appears in authoritative discussions of adverse effects of the MMR and other vaccines. By dismissing the chimerical vaccine/autism controversy, vaccine defenders often dismiss all genuinely neurological aftereffects of the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) and other vaccines, including well-documented events, such as relatively rare cases of encephalopathy and encephalitis. OBJECTIVE: This report explains that autism is not a physical or neurological disorder. It is not caused by injury or disease of the brain. It is a developmental disorder that has no physical origins and no physical symptoms. It is extremely unlikely that vaccines are causing autism; but it is extremely likely that they are causing more neurological damage than currently appreciated, some of it resulting in psychosocial disabilities that can be confused with autism and other psychosocial disorders. This confusion between a developmental, psychosocial disorder and a physical neurological disease has played into the hands of interest groups who want to deny that vaccines have any neurological and associated neuropsychiatric effects. METHODS: A review of the scientific literature, textbooks, and related media commentary is integrated with basic clinical knowledge. RESULTS: This report shows how scientific sources have used the vaccine/autism controversy to avoid dealing with genuine neurological risks associated with vaccines and summarizes evidence that vaccines, including the MMR, can cause serious neurological disorders. Manufacturers have been allowed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to gain vaccine approval without placebo-controlled clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: The misleading vaccine autism controversy must be set aside in favor of examining actual neurological harms associated with vaccines, including building on existing research that has been ignored. Manufacturers of vaccines must be required to conduct placebo-controlled clinical studies for existing vaccines and for government approval of new vaccines. Many probable or confirmed neurological adverse events occur within a few days or weeks after immunization and could be detected if the trials were sufficiently large. Contrary to current opinion, large, long-term placebo-controlled trials of existing and new vaccines would be relatively easy and safe to conduct.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document