scholarly journals PO-113 Long-term Various Load Training Effects on Free Radical Metabolism in the Brain of Aging Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuilan Wei ◽  
Xue Li
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Swimming Exercise ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Free Radical Metabolism

Objective To investigate the effects of long-term various load aerobic exercise on the free radical metabolism of the brain in aging mice through the establishment of different swimming exercise models.  Methods sixty 3-month-old male Kunming mice were randomly and equally divided into five groups, which were the control group (group C), 10 minute exercise group (group E1), 30 minute exercise group (group E2), 60 minute exercise group (group E3), and 90 minute exercise group (group E4). Group C had regular feeding during the natural aging time in 8 months without any exercise intervention. All other exercise groups performed different load swimming exercise (from 10 to 90 minutes as mentioned above) during the same 8 month period. All subjects were decapitated after exercise on the last day of the 8th month; and the brain tissues were harvested as samples. The malondialdehyde (MDA) amount was measured by the Thiobarbituric Acid method, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity level was measured with Xanthine Oxidase method. Results  group E3 demonstrated significantly higher SOD activity level and lower MDA amount than the other groups. Conclusions  Long-term, medium-load aerobic exercise had greatly impacted the metabolism of free radicals in the brain of the mouse, evidenced by increased SOD activity level and decreased MDA production. These effects may indicate that this exercise model may be beneficial in slowing down brain aging by eliminating free radicals and improving brain anti-oxidation ability.

scholarly journals The effect of aerobic exercise on interoception and cognitive function in healthy university students: a non-randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusaku Amaya ◽  
Tetsuya Abe ◽  
Kenji Kanbara ◽  
Hisaharu Shizuma ◽  
Yasushi Akiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
University Students ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Abstract Background:Long-term aerobic exercise is a key intervention for improving cognitive function as well as enhancing musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory system functions. Additionally, decision-making, in which cognitive function is involved, can be an important factor for initiating and maintaining exercise. According to Damasio’s somatic marker hypothesis, somatic experience plays a fundamental role in decision-making. Interoception is a sense of physiological information related to emotions and is known to influence cognitive function. Here, we investigated changes in interoception during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at a level that could improve cognitive function.Methods:Healthy university students were divided into an exercise group (n = 37) and a control group (n = 11). The exercise group performed bench step exercises at an intensity of 50% heart rate reserve for 30 minutes a day, three times a week, for three months. Cognitive function was assessed by measuring auditory information/working memory processing speed with a Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), and interoceptive accuracy (IA) was measured with a heartbeat tracking task.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between IA and PASAT scores at pre-intervention. But exercise did not lead to a significant increase in PASAT scores in comparison with the control group. IA scores were improved at 2- and 3-month post-intervention only in the exercise group.Conclusions:This suggested that interoception may be associated with the improvement in cognitive function produced by long-term aerobic exercise. Further investigation is warranted to clarify the causal relationship between interoception and cognitive function during exercise interventions.Trial registration: UMIN, UMIN000042891. 04/01/2021, retrospectively registered.

Cerebrovascular disease and oxidative stress

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
SE Gariballa ◽  
AJ Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Ischaemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ischaemic Episode

There is strong indirect evidence that free radical production appears to be an important mechanism of brain injury after exposure to ischaemia and reperfusion. Although significant brain damage occurs during an ischaemic episode, new cerebral damage can occur after reperfusion. One proposed mechanism for the brain damage that occurs during reperfusion involves generation of free radicals. Body defences against free radicals depends on the balance between free radical generation and the antioxidant protective defence system. Many of these protective antioxidants are essential nutrients or have essential nutrients as part of their molecule that has to be obtained from diet.

Effects of Free Radical Mediator NF-κB Expression Change on Brain in Aging Mice after Various Load Aerobic Training

2013 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Qiong Jia Yuan ◽  
Lu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Expression Change ◽  
Exercise Load ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Brain

ntroduction: This study was to explore the mechanism of exercise induced anti-aging effects on brain at molecular level in mice, which may provide some fundamental evidences for further research in anti-aging in human beings. Methods: 60 male mice (3 month old) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (group C), exercise group 1-3 (group E1, E2, and E3) with 15 in each group. Group E1 to E3 had swimming exercise at various load (30, 60, and 90min/day for E1, E2 and E3 respectively) for 8 monthes. The subjects were decapitated immediately and gained brain after the last exercise. The amount of SOD and MDA in gastrocnimius were measured by colorimetric method. The expression of NF-κB P50 mRNA and its protein amount were measured by Western-Blot and RT-PCR. Results and Conclusions: 1) NF-κB was sensitive to exercise stimulation and its actitity level was affected by exercise load. 2) The brain improved their anti-oxidization ability due to the adaptable changes of the antioxidant enzymes after long time moderate load aerobic exercise, which sped up the free radical clearance in the brain to reduce its impairment and meanwhile inhibited the activity of NF-κB. This process could be one of the anti-aging machanisms through aerobic exercises. 3) In long time over-load exercise (90 minutes), the free radicals in the brain accumulated and could not be cleared up timely, which would decrease the anti-oxidization ability. This process would activate NF-κB and enhance its expression, which may result in inflammation reactions and cellular dying, therefore speeding the aging process.

Alteration of free radical metabolism in the brain of mice infected with scrapie agent

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong W. Lee ◽  
Hyung O. Sohn ◽  
Heung B. Lim ◽  
Young G. Lee ◽  
Yong S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Scrapie Agent ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Free Radical Metabolism

scholarly journals Complexity of free radical Metabolism in human Erythrocytes

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić ◽  
Duško Blagojević ◽  
Mihajlo Spasić
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Anion Radical ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
Vitamins E And C ◽  
Free Radical Metabolism

Complexity of free radical Metabolism in human ErythrocytesThe auto-oxidation of oxyhaemoglobin to methaemoglobin generating superoxide anion radical (O2.-) represents the main source of free radicals in the erythro-cytes. Hydrogen peroxide is produced by O2.-dismutation or originates from the circulation. Human erythrocytes are also exposed to the prooxidative actions of nitric oxide (NO) from circulation. Free radicals that may induce reactions with direct dangerous consequences to erythrocytes are also preceded by the reaction of O2.-and NO producing peroxynitrite. In physiological settings, erythrocytes show a self-sustaining activity of antioxidative defence (AD) enzymes, such as: superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.11.16), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx, EC 1.11.1.9) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), as well as low molecular weight antioxidants: glutathione and vitamins E and C. Their coordinate actions protect the erythrocyte's bio-macromolecules from free radical-mediated damage. Since there is node novosynthesis of AD enzymes in mature erythrocytes, their defence capacity is limited. Free radicals influence antioxidative enzymes capacities and relative share of particular components in the whole antioxidative system. Therefore, by measuring changes in the activity of individual AD components, as well as their interrelations by statistical canonical discriminant methods, valuable data about the complexity, overall relations and coordinated actions in the AD system in erythrocytes and its relevance for systemic effects can be acquired.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation Utilizing Controlled Aerobic Activity in Patients With a Concussion: A Critically Appraised Topic

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janelle Prince ◽  
Eric Schussler ◽  
Ryan McCann
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Symptom Changes ◽  
The Brain

Clinical Scenario: A sport-related concussion is a common injury to the brain that may cause a variety of symptoms ranging in duration and severity. The mainstay of treatment for concussion has been rest, followed by a stepwise return to activity. This recovery process may be lengthy when symptoms persist. Aerobic exercise conducted at subsymptom and submaximal intensities has been proposed as a potential intervention for symptoms following a concussion. Therefore, the purpose of this critically appraised topic is to examine the safety of varying aerobic exercise intensities in patients with a concussion. Focused Clinical Question: Are subsymptom and submaximal exercise programs safe when implemented in a population with a symptomatic sports-related concussion when compared with traditional rest? Summary of Key Findings: Four randomized controlled trials were included for critical appraisal. The 4 studies investigated supervised and controlled aerobic exercise as early as within 1 week of with a concussion; all studies conclude that exercise is safe and may be of benefit to individuals with a concussion. Two studies support the use of submaximal exercise as a therapeutic intervention for adolescents with persistent concussion symptoms. Clinical Bottom Line: The authors conclude that controlled exercise performed within the symptom or exertion threshold of patients with concussion is safe compared with rest. It was noted that symptom changes may occur; however, the changes did not have a negative impact on long-term recovery. This research should ease concerns about prescribing physical activity when an athlete with concussion is still experiencing lingering symptoms. While specific parameters of the activity performed have not been described in detail, the individualization of each exercise program was stressed. Strength of Recommendation: Grade A.

Medical Applications of Water-Soluble Polyhydroxylated Fullerene Derivatives

1994 ◽  
Vol 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Y. Chiang ◽  
Fung-Jou Lu ◽  
Jaw-Town Lin
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Radical Scavengers ◽  
Fullerene Derivatives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Results

ABSTRACTThe promising positive results in reducing superoxide free radicals (O2-.), generated by invitro xanthine and xanthine oxidase, have been demonstrated in the evaluation of potential uses of novel water-soluble [60] fullerenols as free radical scavengers. Observation reveals the inherent application of fullerenols in a wide range of medical and clinical areas as preventive alternatives for a long-term medical treatment.

The Acute Effect of Alcohol on Various Memory Processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár ◽  
Roland Boha ◽  
Balázs Czigler ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Legal Consequences

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.

Moving past the vaccine/autism controversy - to examine potential vaccine neurological harms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Peter R. Breggin
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Disorders ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Vaccines

BACKGROUND: The vaccine/autism controversy has caused vast scientific and public confusion, and it has set back research and education into genuine vaccine-induced neurological disorders. The great strawman of autism has been so emphasized by the vaccine industry that it, and it alone, often appears in authoritative discussions of adverse effects of the MMR and other vaccines. By dismissing the chimerical vaccine/autism controversy, vaccine defenders often dismiss all genuinely neurological aftereffects of the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) and other vaccines, including well-documented events, such as relatively rare cases of encephalopathy and encephalitis. OBJECTIVE: This report explains that autism is not a physical or neurological disorder. It is not caused by injury or disease of the brain. It is a developmental disorder that has no physical origins and no physical symptoms. It is extremely unlikely that vaccines are causing autism; but it is extremely likely that they are causing more neurological damage than currently appreciated, some of it resulting in psychosocial disabilities that can be confused with autism and other psychosocial disorders. This confusion between a developmental, psychosocial disorder and a physical neurological disease has played into the hands of interest groups who want to deny that vaccines have any neurological and associated neuropsychiatric effects. METHODS: A review of the scientific literature, textbooks, and related media commentary is integrated with basic clinical knowledge. RESULTS: This report shows how scientific sources have used the vaccine/autism controversy to avoid dealing with genuine neurological risks associated with vaccines and summarizes evidence that vaccines, including the MMR, can cause serious neurological disorders. Manufacturers have been allowed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to gain vaccine approval without placebo-controlled clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: The misleading vaccine autism controversy must be set aside in favor of examining actual neurological harms associated with vaccines, including building on existing research that has been ignored. Manufacturers of vaccines must be required to conduct placebo-controlled clinical studies for existing vaccines and for government approval of new vaccines. Many probable or confirmed neurological adverse events occur within a few days or weeks after immunization and could be detected if the trials were sufficiently large. Contrary to current opinion, large, long-term placebo-controlled trials of existing and new vaccines would be relatively easy and safe to conduct.

Long-term management of patients with multiple brain metastases after shaped beam radiosurgery

2004 ◽  
pp. 406-412
Author(s):  
Paul Okunieff ◽  
Michael C. Schell ◽  
Russell Ruo ◽  
E. Ronald Hale ◽  
Walter G. O'Dell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Multiple Metastases ◽  
Extracranial Disease ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
The Brain

✓ The role of radiosurgery in the treatment of patients with advanced-stage metastatic disease is currently under debate. Previous randomized studies have not consistently supported the use of radiosurgery to treat patients with numbers of brain metastases. In negative-results studies, however, intracranial tumor control was high but extracranial disease progressed; thus, patient survival was not greatly affected, although neurocognitive function was generally maintained until death. Because the future promises improved systemic (extracranial) therapy, the successful control of brain disease is that much more crucial. Thus, for selected patients with multiple metastases to the brain who remain in good neurological condition, aggressive lesion-targeting radiosurgery should be very useful. Although a major limitation to success of this therapy is the lack of control of extracranial disease in most patients, it is clear that well-designed, aggressive treatment substantially decreases the progression of brain metastases and also improves neurocognitive survival. The authors present the management and a methodology for rational treatment of a patient with breast cancer who has harbored 24 brain metastases during a 3-year period.

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